scholarly journals Investigation of prevalence and risk factors of subclinical mastitis of dairy buffaloes at Bhola district of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-704
Author(s):  
Hasan Aliul ◽  
Paul Ashit Kumar ◽  
Riad Mohammad Mahmood ◽  
Rahman Mizanur ◽  
Ahmed Md Selim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Lactating Buffaloes ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
On Farm

The subclinical mastitis is more serious and is responsible for much greater loss to the dairy industry in Bangladesh. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and identify the associated risk factors in randomly selected 200 lactating buffaloes (192 local and 8 crossbred) at some selected regions of Bhola district, Bangladesh during the period from March 2018 to February 2019. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed on each quarter milk sample of lactating buffaloes at field condition for the determination of subclinical mastitis in dairy buffaloes. Overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 10.50% (21/200). The prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) was comparatively higher in crossbred (12.5%) as compared to local breed (10.42%). The highest prevalence of SCM in dairy buffaloes was also found in late lactation period (12.82%), age group 7 to 18 years (13.46%), rainy season (11.1%) and 2nd parity group (10.74%). Moreover, the buffaloes graze in free range areas; large and medium sized farms; poor health conditions and other diseases of post parturient period increasing the susceptibility of SCM. For early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, CMT can be performed regularly as a control measures and emphasis should be provided on farm management practices; particularly on milking hygiene and udder sanitation. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 697-704

scholarly journals Assessment of sub-clinical mastitis and its associated risk factors in dairy livestock of Lamjung, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Khanal ◽  
A Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

INTRODUCTION: Mastitis is one among the top three threats faced by dairy farmers. The study was carried out to assess sub-clinical mastitis, management practices and associated risk factors for mastitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted in Chandreshwor and Archalbot VDCs of Lamjung district taking 63 dairy livestock randomly each from a herd along with questionnaire survey to respective owner. Tem ml of milk sample from each quarter was taken in a sterilized syringe for further laboratory investigation. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed at farmer’s shed. Organisms were identified based on colony characteristics, Gram's staining and various biochemical tests. RESULTS: On CMT, subclinical mastitis was 46.1% (n=29) and 30.15% (n=76) on animal and quarter basis respectively, however, culture showed, 28.6% and 24.2%. Streptococcal mastitis was the commonest (11.1%) followed by coliform (9.5%) and staphylococcal (7.9%). Mastitis was highest in left fore quarter (34.92%) followed by left hind (31.76%), right hind (28.57%) and right fore (25.39%). Coliform & Staphylococcal mastitis was highest in left fore and right hind quarter respectively. Most of dairy animals (86%) were on zero grazing, 30% (n=19) of the farmers had forage trees and only 29% (n=18) had known about subclinical mastitis. The average milk production was 3.5 ±1.47 liters. Subclinical mastitis was associated significantly (p<0.01) with livestock yielding more than 3 lt per lactation. CONCLUSIONS: There was high prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy livestock at Lamjung due to poor management, unhygienic shed, and little knowledge on subclinical mastitis.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i2.8322 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(2):49-54  

scholarly journals Incidence and Associated Risk Actors of Heifer Mastitis in Dairy Farms at Mekelle Town, Northern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bisrat M
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Hand Wash ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Examinations

A longitudinal study was conducted from November 2013 to May 2014 in Mekelle town, Northern Ethiopia, to assess the incidence of heifer mastitis, to isolate and identify the causative pathogens and their susceptibility to different antimicrobials and also identify risk factors associated with occurrence of heifer mastitis. Twenty - five heifers were included from 4 d airy farms and 11 cooperative small holder’s dairy farms during the study period. Total of 100 quarters were examined to detect clinical and subclinical mastitis by physical examinations of udder and milk and California mastitis Test (CMT), respectively. T he incidence of mastitis per gland at risk was 64 % and the spontaneous cure rate of infected quarters was 33 %. Incidence of heifers’ intra - mammary infections (IMI) in the study area was highest at calving (28%). Infection per quarter revealed that 49% we re mastitis positive of which 8.2% of their quarters were clinical and 45/49 (91.8%) quarters were sub clinical type of mastitis. The incidence rate per quarters were statistically significant (p <0.05) and higher in rear quarters than front quarters. The univariate logistic regression showed that among potential risk factors considered from the farm attributes, breed, age, practice of milking mastitic cow last, housing nature, hand wash before and in between milking and udder hygiene had significant effect on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) (54.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus (21.8%) , were the predominant bacteria. Relatively most of the isolates are susceptible to Chloramphenicol, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin and V ancomycin but resistant to Penicillin. The study also revealed that S.aureus, E.coli and S.agalactiae were highly incident at calving. It is concluded that prevalence of CNS, lack of hygienic practice and infestation of ticks should give serious attention.Intramammary treatment of prepartum heifer with appropriate antimicrobials may help to reduce the incidence of mastitis at calving and subsequent lactation period.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Cow Mastitis among Small Scale Farmers and Dairy Farms in Western Tigray, Northwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Leul Berhe ◽  
Zinabu Nigus Belay ◽  
Gebresilase Gebrekidan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

A cross sectional study was carried out from November 2017 to June 2018 to assess awareness status and management practice common among dairy cows owners and to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis and its associated risk factors in four districts and nine kebelles of Western Zone of Tigray Regional State, North West Ethiopia. In this study, out of the 355 dairy cows and 1314 functional quarters examined, 99(27.89%) cows and 142(10.81%) quarters were found positive for sub-clinical mastitis on California Mastitis Test (CMT). In addition, from the 355 dairy cows and 1420 quarters examined, 88(24.79%) and 108(7.61%) cows and teats respectively, were found to be blind. From the total risk factors considered, statistically significant association (P<0.05) was found in different breed, udder type and parity. Semi structured questionnaires surveys were distributed to 87(95.60%) males and 4(4.40%) females. According to the survey result, 76(83.52%) of the dairy cow owners housed their cows in open area with muddy or soily floor type. From the total 91 interviewed 32(35.16%) regularly dispose dung and cleaning of house. During the survey, udder management before and after milking was assessed. According to the response of 89(97.80%) milkers washed their hands prior to milking and 2(2.20%) did not. From the total 91interviewed individuals, 13(14.29%) milkers disinfect their hands before proceeding to milk the next cow while 78(85.71%) did not. During the survey, sequence of milking cows was assessed. Based on the response of respondents, 85(93.41%) of the milker did not follow sequence of milking and the rest 6(6.59%) milkers emphasized the need to follow the order of milking. The result of the present study indicated a relatively high prevalence of subclinical mastitis and with higher incidence of one or more nonfunctional teat which impose higher economic loss to the dairy owners. Lack of strategic control measures and improper attention to the health of the mammary glands contribute the higher infestation rate. Better management practices in milking and adequate housing with proper sanitation should be provided.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS, ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN CATTLE IN MULTAN, PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
T. Ahmad ◽  
M. Kashif ◽  
E. Ahmad ◽  
M. Nadeem ◽  
M. Rizwan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Teat Dipping

Mastitis is the most widespread and economically important disease of dairy sector worldwide. The present research was, therefore intended to establish the prevalence of mastitis in and around the Multan district. A total of 100 dairy cows were randomly sampled during the period from July 2018 to October 2018 from different local dairy farms at Multan. After screening with California Mastitis Test, milk samples from mastitic animals were cultured and subjected to microbiological examination.The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis in cows was 38% and quarter-wise prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 36.20%.. Mastitis in front left quarters was 34.40%, right front quarters 31.60%, while left rare quarters 41% and right rear quarters 38%. Bacteria Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Enterococci, Salmonella, Bacillus, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas were isolated from infected samples. Staphylococcus aureus was the top-ranking isolated bacteria followed by Strept. Agalactiae and E. coli. The lack of proper milking techniques and no teat dipping were the most significantly associated risk factors. In the current study, E. coli isolates were sensitive to Gentamycine, Streptomycin, Chlororamphenicol and Kanamycin while resistant to Vancomycin and Penicillin. Similarly, S. aureus was extremely susceptible to Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin and Kanamycin but resistant to Tetracycline and Penicillin. It was concluded that subclinical mastitis was widely prevalent in Multan city. This study will help the farmers to adopt effective measures to control mastitis regarding the risk factors.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Caprine Subclinical Mastitis in Mymensingh Area, Bangladesh and Characterization of Associated Bacterial Agents and the Risk Factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khandkar Muhammad Alimul Razi ◽  
Md Bahanur Rahman ◽  
Gerardo H Flores-Gutiérrez ◽  
Md Tanvir Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

The prevalence of caprine subclinical mastitis in Mymensingh area was assessed by California Mastitis Test (CMT). Milk samples were also analyzed for the isolation and identification of bacterial agents that might be associated with caprine subclinical mastitis including their antibiotic sensitivity pattern against commonly used antibiotics. In addition, the influ-ence of certain risk factors such as age of animal, parity, length of lactation period, type of farming system and type of housing floor, on the prevalence of caprine subclinical mastitis was also evaluated. Milk samples were collected from 59 goats (113 udder halves). The overall prevalence of caprine subclinical mastitis as determined by CMT was 18.64%. On an udder half basis the prevalence was 15.04%. Certain risk factors associated with caprine subclinical mastitis were identified. The prevalence was higher in older animals, with greater parity and longer lactation period. The prevalence was also higher in farms where goats were raised under traditional farming system with earthen floors. The predominant bacterial species isolated from milk that were collected from the subclinical mastitis positive cases were Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, that showed various degrees of sensitivity to the antibiotics used in the study.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mh.v1i1.13705 Microbes and Health Vol.1(1) June 2012 pp.1-5

scholarly journals Subclinical mastitis: Prevalence and risk factors in dairy cows in East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 2102-2108
Author(s):  
Himmatul Khasanah ◽  
Hidayat Bambang Setyawan ◽  
Roni Yulianto ◽  
Desy Cahya Widianingrum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Lactation Stage

Background and Aim: Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is a disease that frequently attacks lactating dairy cows and possibly decreases production, causing economic losses to farmers. This study aimed to define the prevalence of SCM and risk factor-associated related management practice by dairy farmers in East Java, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: The milk sample per quarter of individual lactating Friesian–Holstein cows (592 samples) was collected from 148 cows from 62 selected farms in the region with high dairy cattle populations in Malang, Sidoarjo, Mojokerto, Probolinggo, Pasuruan, Lumajang, Jember, and Banyuwangi. SCM determination was performed using the California mastitis test. A survey including field observation and interviews with farmers was conducted to find out the management practices of the selected farms. The analysis of risk factors was conducted by multinomial regression using the IBM SPSS version 26.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Chicago, USA). Results: In addition, 68.18% and 66.72% at the cow and quarter levels, respectively, of the lactating dairy cows examined had SCM. In multinomial regression, four variables were significantly given impact in association with the SCM prevalence in identifying related lactation stage (odds ratio [OR]: 1-2 months=5.67, 2-6 months=9.435), teat wiping after milking (OR=42.197), house cleanliness (OR: dirty=0.120, moderate=0.527), and location (regencies) of raising the cows (OR: Sidoarjo=0.076, Mojokerto=0.165, Jember=1.210, Probolinggo=3.449, Lumajang=1.638, Malang=1.210, and Pasuruan=0.681). Conclusion: The SCM prevalence in East Java is relatively high and a threat to the dairy industry's performance. This study found a significant association with SCM that needs to be considered in the practice of management to prevent and control SCM. However, the finding also suggested that hygienic management practices performed by farmers need to be improved to reduce SCM incidents.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in domestic pigs raised from Cuba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio César Castillo-Cuenca ◽  
Álvaro Martínez-Moreno ◽  
José Manuel Diaz-Cao ◽  
Angel Entrena-García ◽  
Jorge Fraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractA cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in pigs in the largest pork-producing region in Cuba. Serum samples from 420 pigs, including 210 sows and 210 post-weaning pigs, were tested for antibodies against T. gondii using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 56 animals (13.3%, 95% CI: 10.1–16.6). A generalized estimating equations model revealed that the risk factors associated with higher seropositivity in pigs were altitude (higher in farm’s location < 250 m above sea level (masl) versus ≥ 250 masl) and age (higher in sows compared to post-weaning pigs). The results indicated that this protozoan parasite is widely distributed on pig farms in the study area, which is a public health concern since the consumption of raw or undercooked pork meat products containing tissue cysts is considered one of the main routes of T. gondii transmission worldwide. Control measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of exposure to T. gondii in pigs in Cuba.

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