scholarly journals FIRST REPORT ON THE FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF EARLESS MONITOR, LANTHANOTUS BORNEENSIS AND ITS PREDATION ON RICE FIELD FROG, FEJERVARYA LIMNOCHARIS IN A CAPTIVE ENVIRONMENT

TREUBIA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nauval Arroyyan ◽  
Evy Arida ◽  
Nirmala Fitria Firdhausi
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Natural Prey ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Fejervarya Limnocharis

Being endemic to Borneo, the Earless monitor, Lanthanotus borneensis (Steindachner, 1878) is rarely found in its habitats due to its cryptic behavior. We provide care for confiscated animals in the Reptile House of Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) in Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia since 2014. Little is known on its natural prey but from scattered descriptive reports. This study is aimed at documenting the feeding behavior of ten captive Earless monitors and events of predation on frogs. We set up two experiments, one with meat of Rice Field Frog, Fejervarya limnocharis, and the other with live frog of the same species. Our recorded observations ran for four weeks for the frog meat feeding experiment and followed by the frog predation experiment. Our results showed that lizards constantly accepted frog meat. Lizards tended to feed before sunset for a short period of time on the muddy soil surface, although a few individuals inconsistently fed under water. The average body mass for these lizards increased by 4.29 g and average SVL by 0.45 cm. We recorded predation on frogs in three out of ten individuals observed during this study. If F. limnocharis is confirmed to occur in the natural habitats of L. borneensis, it is possible that this frog species is among the natural prey for Earless monitors. Further studies on its natural diets should be conducted to gain in-depth knowledge essential for generating effective captive husbandry for this nationally protected species in Indonesia.

The PAP Flap Breast Reconstruction: A Practical Option for Slim Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taehee Jo ◽  
Dong Nyeok Jeon ◽  
Hyun Ho Han
Keyword(s):  
Donor Site ◽  
Wound Dehiscence ◽  
Diep Flap ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Flap Reconstruction ◽  
Average Body Mass Index ◽  
Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Artery Perforator ◽  
Average Body

Abstract Background The posterior thigh-based profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap has been an emerging option as a secondary choice in breast reconstructions. However, whether a PAP flap could consistently serve as the secondary option in slim patients has not been investigated. Methods Records of immediate unilateral breast reconstructions performed from May 2017 to June 2019 were reviewed. PAP flap breast reconstructions were compared with standard deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstructions, and were grouped into single or stacked PAP flaps for further analysis. Results Overall, 43 PAP flaps were performed to reconstruct 32 breasts. Eleven patients underwent stacked PAP flap reconstruction, while 17 patients underwent 21 single PAP flap reconstruction. The average body mass index (BMI) of the patients was 22.2 ± 0.5 kg/m2. The results were as follows: no total loss, one case of venous congestion (2.3%), two donor site wound dehiscence cases (4.7%), and one case of fat necrosis from partial flap loss (2.3%). When compared with 192 DIEP flap reconstructions, the final DIEP flap supplied 98.1 ± 1.7% of mastectomy weight, while the final PAP flap supplied 114.1 ± 6.2% of mastectomy weight (p < 0.005), demonstrating that PAP flaps can successfully supply final reconstruction volume. In a separate analysis, single PAP flaps successfully supplied 104.2% (84.2-144.4%) of mastectomy weights, while stacked PAP flaps supplied 103.7% (98.8-115.2%) of mastectomy weights. Conclusion In our series of PAP flap reconstructions performed in low-to-normal BMI patients, we found that PAP flaps, as single or stacked flaps, provide sufficient volume to reconstruct mastectomy defects.

Arthur Conan Doyle and Medical London: Reading the Topography of Round the Red Lamp

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-313
Author(s):  
Roger Luckhurst
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Arthur Conan Doyle ◽  
Set Up

This essay explores the short period of time that Arthur Conan Doyle spent between March and June 1891 when he moved his family into rooms in Bloomsbury and took a consulting room near Harley Street in an attempt to set up as an eye specialist. This last attempt to move up the professional hierarchy from general practitioner to specialist tends to be seen as a final impulsive move before Conan Doyle decided to become a full-time writer in June 1891. The essay aims to elaborate a little on the medical contexts for Conan Doyle’s brief spell in London, and particularly to track the medical topography in which he placed himself, situated between the radical, reformist Bloomsbury medical institutions and the fame and riches of the society doctors of Harley Street. These ambivalences are tracked in the medical fiction he published in Round the Red Lamp, his peculiar collection of medical tales and doctoring in 1894.

The demography of limb dominance, body-mass index, and metatarsus adductus deformity

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Montague ◽  
M Bovarnick ◽  
SC Effren ◽  
CC Southerland
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
South Florida ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Metatarsus Adductus ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Limb Dominance

To test the null hypothesis that limb dominance (laterality) and side of complaint are not associated in a diverse population, nearly 400 patients (40% male, 60% female) of varying age and body size from three South Florida podiatric medical teaching facilities were surveyed in 1995-1996. Radiographs of feet were available for 15% of the patients, and the metatarsus adductus angle was measured on each x-ray. The typical patient was a women (median age, 49 years) of average body weight and average body-mass index. No statistical association was found between laterality and side of complaint in the broader sample, although a significant association did appear in the subsample of patients with bilateral x-rays. The prevalence of metatarsus adductus deformity (metatarsus adductus angle &gt; 15 degrees) among patients with x-rays was 62%. No sex-specific, age-specific, or body size-specific associations were found between handedness and metatarsus adductus deformity.

scholarly journals Spinal and Shoulder Girdle Range of Motion in Elite Female Volleyball Athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Arletta Hawrylak ◽  
Dorota Wojna ◽  
Krystyna Chromik
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Spine Mobility ◽  
Shoulder Complex ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Introduction. Doing asymmetric sports when one suffers from body asymmetry may cause body posture disorders. The aim of the study was to assess the spinal and shoulder complex mobility of professionally trained volleyball athletes compared to that of their peers who do not practise any sports. Material and methods. The study involved 60 participants divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 30 girls aged 14 years. The average height in the group was 176.37 ± 6.29 cm, and the average body mass was 64.53 ± 7.12 kg. Group 2 consisted of 30 girls aged 15.6 ± 1.12 years who did not practise any sports. The average body height in this group was 159.37 ± 3.33 cm, and the average body mass was 51.83 ± 4.03 kg. The dominant limb was defined on the basis of lateralization. The spinal range of motion was measured by means of a Saunders digital inclinometer, and the shoulder complex range of motion was examined using the goniometric method. Means and standard deviations were calculated, and Student’s t-test was applied in order to determine the differences between the two groups. Results. The differences in the values obtained in the two groups for the spinal range of motion in the sagittal plane were statistically significant only for the range of lumbar spine bending and extension. It was found that group 1 had a higher range of spine mobility in the frontal and transverse planes, and the differences were statistically significant in all the assessed ranges towards the dominant limb. An analysis of the shoulder girdle range of motion in the groups revealed that the differences were also statistically significant in all of the examined ranges. Conclusion. Professional volleyball practice can cause an increase in spine flexibility in most of its ranges, and the shoulder girdle range of motion in female volleyball players can exceed population norms, especially for the upper dominant limb.

scholarly journals Changes in Adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Overweight and Obesity among Children in Northeastern Japan: A Longitudinal Study before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Obesities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Hyunshik Kim ◽  
Jiameng Ma ◽  
Junghoon Kim ◽  
Daolin Xu ◽  
Sunkyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Average Body Mass Index ◽  
Northeastern Japan ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Community Health Programs ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Average Body

There are few studies comparing adherence to Canadian 24-hour Movement Guidelines (24-h MG) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and exploring the pandemic’s effect on childhood obesity. This survey-based 2-year study investigated changes in obesity and adherence to the 24-h MG in children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected at two points in time: pre-COVID-19 (May 2019; T1; n = 247) and during-COVID-19 (May 2021; T2; n = 171). Participants were healthy elementary school children aged between 6–12 years in northeastern Japan. The questionnaire comprised items on physical activity, screen time, sleep duration, adherence to the 24-h MG, and anthropometric and demographic characteristics. Among all participants, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between the average body mass index at T1 (M = 16.06 kg/m2, SD = 2.08 kg/m2) and T2 (M = 18.01 kg/m2, SD = 3.21 kg/m2) was observed, where 17.8% were overweight and obese at T1 and 24% at T2, and 10.9% adhered to all 24 h MG at T1 and 4.1% at T2. To prevent obesity in children during the COVID-19 pandemic, environmental changes should be evaluated and appropriate preventive measures taken, including pro-community health programs that encourage parent-children outdoor activities.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Serangga Sebagai Pakan Alami Katak Tegalan (Fejervarya Limnocharis, Gravenhorst) pada Ekosistem Sawah di Desa Panggungharjo, Kecamatan Sewon, Kabupaten Bantul

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Farid Kuswantoro ◽  
R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Insect Diversity ◽  
Insect Prey ◽  
Natural Prey ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Fejervarya Limnocharis

Paddy field was a dynamic and biodiversity rich ecosystems. Insect diversity in paddy field ecosystem was infected by paddy plant growth stages. Grass frog (Fejervarya limnocharis) ate insects as their natural prey. Insect population dynamics during vegetative, generative and reproductive stage of paddy plants infected F. limnocharis natural prey. This research aims were to study insect diversity and F. limnocharis insect prey diversity of vegetative, reproductive and generative paddy plant growth stages at Panggungharjo village, Sewon, Bantul. Insect sampling was conducted by direct survey method while F. limnocharis collection conducted by Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method. Ninety eight insect species from 51 different families and nine orders of insect were found. The orders were Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Odonata, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Dermaptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. Stomachs analysis indicated F. limnocharis ate nine insect orders. The orders were Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Dermaptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera and Isoptera. Most commonly insect prey in vegetative, reproductive and generative phase paddy growth stage were the members of the Order Coleoptera, Family Acrididae (Orthoptera) and Family Formicidae (Hymenoptera) respectively. This study concluded F. limnocharis main natural prey was the easily found and easily perceived insects.

scholarly journals The dependence of maize (Zea mays) hybrids yielding potential on the water amounts reaching the soil surface

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Kresovic ◽  
Vesna Dragicevic ◽  
Bosko Gajic ◽  
Angelina Tapanarova ◽  
Borivoj Pejic
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Water Amount

The aim of the present study was to observe the response of maize hybrids under rainfed and irrigation conditions of the soil in order to establish the dependence of yielding potential on the water amounts reaching the soil surface during the growing season. The four-replicate trail was set up according to the randomised complete-block design on chernozem. Pre-watering soil moisture was approximately 70% of field water capacity, and soil moisture was established thermogravimetrically. During the five-year studies, the following differences in yields could be as follows: 12.68 t ha-1 (ZP 341); 12.76 t ha-1 (ZP 434); 13.17 t ha-1 (ZP 578); 14.03 t ha-1 (ZP 684) and 13.75 t ha-1 (ZP 704) under conditions of 440 mm, 440 mm, 424 mm, 457 mm and 466 mm of water, respectively. The hybrid ZP 341, i.e. ZP 578 expressed the highest, i.e. the lowest tolerance in dry relative seasons, respectively. The reduction of the water amount for every 10 mm decreased the yield by 119.4 kg ha-1 (ZP 341), 156.7 kg ha-1 (ZP 434), 172.3 kg ha-1 (ZP 578), 148.9 kg ha-1 (ZP 684) and 151.1 kg ha-1 (ZP 704).

scholarly journals The Function of Paraventricular Thalamic Circuitry in Adaptive Control of Feeding Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorica D. Petrovich
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Energy State ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Behavioral Choice ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Set Up

The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is a complex area that is uniquely embedded across the core feeding, reward, arousal, and stress circuits. The PVT role in the control of feeding behavior is discussed here within a framework of adaptive behavioral guidance based on the body’s energy state and competing drives. The survival of an organism depends on bodily energy resources and promotion of feeding over other behaviors is adaptive except when in danger or sated. The PVT is structurally set up to respond to homeostatic and hedonic needs to feed, and to integrate those signals with physiological and environmental stress, as well as anticipatory needs and other cognitive inputs. It can regulate both food foraging (seeking) and consumption and may balance their expression. The PVT is proposed to accomplish these functions through a network of connections with the brainstem, hypothalamic, striatal, and cortical areas. The connectivity of the PVT further indicates that it could broadcast the information about energy use/gain and behavioral choice to impact cognitive processes—learning, memory, and decision-making—through connections with the medial and lateral prefrontal cortical areas, the hippocampal formation, and the amygdala. The PVT is structurally complex and recent evidence for specific PVT pathways in different aspects of feeding behavior will be discussed.

Efficiency of uphill locomotion in nocturnal and diurnal lizards

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Farley ◽  
M Emshwiller
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Mechanical Work ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Unit Distance ◽  
Cost Of Locomotion ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Average Body

Nocturnal geckos can walk on level ground more economically than diurnal lizards. One hypothesis for why nocturnal geckos have a low cost of locomotion is that they can perform mechanical work during locomotion more efficiently than other lizards. To test this hypothesis, we compared the efficiency of the nocturnal gecko Coleonyx variegatus (average body mass 4.2 g) and the diurnal skink Eumeces skiltonianus (average body mass 4.8 g) when they performed vertical work during uphill locomotion. We measured the rate of oxygen consumption when each species walked on the level and up a 50 slope over a range of speeds. For Coleonyx variegatus, the energetic cost of traveling a unit distance (the minimum cost of transport, Cmin) increased from 1.5 to 2.7 ml O2 kg-1 m-1 between level and uphill locomotion. For Eumeces skiltonianus, Cmin increased from 2.5 to 4.7 ml O2 kg-1 m-1 between level and uphill locomotion. By taking the difference between Cmin for level and uphill locomotion, we found that the efficiency of performing vertical work during locomotion was 37 % for Coleonyx variegatus and 19 % for Eumeces skiltonianus. The similarity between the 1.9-fold difference in vertical efficiency and the 1.7-fold difference in the cost of transport on level ground is consistent with the hypothesis that nocturnal geckos have a lower cost of locomotion than other lizards because they can perform mechanical work during locomotion more efficiently.

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