scholarly journals AS TRAGÉDIAS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS NO BRASIL: A EMERGÊNCIA DA RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO DAS EMPRESAS MINERADORAS FRENTE À VIOLAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-180
Author(s):  
Mayka Marques Paes De Barros Leal
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Key Words ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Key Words Human ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Transnational Companies

RESUMOO presente artigo analisa as violações aos direitos humanos provocados pelas mineradoras proprietárias das barragens de Mariana e Brumadinho e demonstra a necessidade de responsabilização das empresas inclusive no âmbito internacional. Para tanto se faz necessário, primeiramente, abordar qual foi a dimensão da tragédia em Mariana, esclarecendo quais foram as medidas recomendadas e tomadas que se mostrarem insuficientes para evitar que uma nova tragédia ocorresse em Brumadinho de dimensões ainda maiores quando olhamos a morbidade. Será demonstrado que em ambas as tragédias fora afastado por parte da empresa exploradora de minérios, no que tange a indenização, o principio da centralidade do sofrimento da vítima. Depois, será defendido a necessidade de superação do paradigma estatocêntrico, responsabilizando as empresas transnacionais e o Estado, solidariamente, para que haja uma efetiva proteção aos direitos humanos. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa bibliográfica, com utilização de artigos e livros publicados.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direitos Humanos; Empresas mineradoras; Responsabilidade Internacional; Mariana; Brumadinho.ABSTRACTThis article analyses the human rights violations caused by mining companies of Mariana´s and Brumadinho´s dam and shows the need of companies´ liability including internacional scope. At first, it is necessary to approach the dimension of the tragedy in Mariana, clarifying the recommended and taken actions that were inadequate to avoid that a new disaster happened in Brumadinho, a bigger disaster in terms of morbidity. It will be demonstrated that in both tragedies were removed the centrality principle of victims´suffering by the mining companies, in relation to the indemnity. Afterwards, it will be defended the need for overcoming the state-centred paradigma taking full responsability of transnational companies and the State, severally liable, to provide an efective protection to the human rights. The methodology used was bibliographic research, using published articles and books. KEY-WORDS: Human rights; mining companies; International responsability; Mariana; Brumadinho.

scholarly journals HAK ASASI MANUSIA : STUDI HAK-HAK BURUH DI INDONESIA HUMAN RIGHT: A STUDY ABOUT LABOR RIGHT IN INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winda Roselina Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Justice Theory ◽  
Key Words Human ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Economic Instability ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Labor Right

Masalah hak-hak dan kesejahteraan buruh di perusahaan-perusahaan Di Indonesia kian marak dibicarakan terkait masalah pelanggaran HAM yaitu, pemberian hak yang seharusnya sesuai dengan hak buruh yang telah diatur dalam UU maupun ILO . Sulitnya bagi buruh untuk memperjuangkan sendiri kesejahteraannya, mengakibatkan terjadinya ketidakpuasan yang pada akhirnya akan menimbulkan gejolak sosial dan ketidakstabilan perekonomian. Jika tidak ada perwujudan nyata dari pihakpihak yang berwenang mengenai permasalahan ini, dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya stagnasi bahkan kemunduran untuk jangka panjang tidak hanya dari sisi karyawan, juga terhadap perusahaan dan negara secara keseluruhan. Buruh membutuhkan perhatian atas nasib mereka sebagai sumber daya dan aset perusahaan.Kata Kunci:  Hak Asazi Manusia, Buruh, Teori KeadilanThe problem of the rights and prosperity of labor in companies in Indonesia being discussed related to human rights violations, namely, workers rights entitlements refers to government regulation and ILO. The labors’ difficulties in reaching their own prosperities resulted the dissatisfaction which leaded to social and economic instability. If there is no real appropriate manifestation from authorities of about it, , it can lead to stagnation and even retrogression for long time, not only in employees side, as well as to the companies and the country. Labors need attention for their fate as the company resources and assets. Key Words: Human Right, Labor, Justice Theory

OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE MEDICAL CARE TO PERSONS IN CUSTODY

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (04) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Nargiz Nasimi Mammadova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
International Law ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Key Words Human

Key words: human rights, prisoners health, international law

SCOPE AND NATURE OF PROCEDURAL OBLİGATİONS UNDER ARTICLE 2 OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RİGHTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (04) ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
Nargiz Nasimi Mammadova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Key Words ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Key Words Human

Key words: human rights, positive obligations, right to life, international law

scholarly journals Disparity in Human Rights Violations: A Political and International Law Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Aidir Amin Daud
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Rational Solution ◽  
Double Series ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Natural Right ◽  
International Court ◽  
Political Interests

Right to life is non-derogable rights. A natural right that should not be revoked arbitrarily by anyone, including the state. A mass murder in events 1 October 1965 and Timor-Timor is a double series of states’ failure in protecting the rights of Indonesian peoples. Moreover, these two events get different treatment in its handling. The disparity in treatment between two cases is a big question related to the consistency of human rights enforcement in Indonesia. This study is a descriptive-qualitative research. While, to prove the truth, this study will use a comparative study. The findings show that the attitude of the United Nations that treat serious human rights violations in Timor-Timor and the events of 1965 in Indonesia, cannot be answered differently in the perspective of international law. Since it has a weakness where the political interests of ruling is very strong in influencing the decisions of the UN. The disparity in law enforcement in the event of serious human rights violations in 1965 and Timor-Timor due to the dynamics of international politics when it does not allow for the demands of human rights violations to the UNs’ International Court due to advantage for a certain state after the event. In order to reduce disparities in human rights violations, reconciliation is the most rational solution at this time compared remains demand the state for the violations. Besides, many human rights violations in certain countries that have successfully resolved through reconciliation approach.

scholarly journals RELEVANSI HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL DENGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA GENERASI KEDUA

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Supasti
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Key Words Human ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Literary Works

It is likely not easy to categorize IPR as human right. Based on the human right test and positivism approach, can be categorized into three schemes. : First, IPR is not human rights but it is under purely the dimension of law.  Second, some aspects of IPR have potential conflict with human rights. Third, IPR is human rights by emphasizing property rights and individual rights. The relevancy between IPR and the second generation of human rights can be considered based on Article 27.2 UDHR, Article 15 ICESCR and it General Comment No. 17 that  emphases the recognition and protection of art and literary works.  Key words: human right, IPR, relevancy, second generation

Derecho Internacional Humanitario, Jurisdicción Penal Militar y Responsabilidad del Estado por violación a los Derechos Humanos. Un comentario a la Sentencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos «Masacre de Santo Domingo vs. Colombia»

2013 ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
Jorge Ernesto ROA ROA
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Derechos Humanos

LABURPENA: Kasuen ikerketa-metodologia erabiliz, Santo Domingo vs. Kolonbia epaiari buruzko iruzkinean, nagusiki, inter-amerikar esparruko giza eskubideen babesari lotutako egiturazko alderdiak aipatzen dira; besteak beste, eta bereziki: nola erabiltzen duen Inter-amerikar Auzitegiak Nazioarteko Zuzenbide Humanitarioa barne-gatazka armatuetako egoeretan; zer erlazio dagoen zigor-jurisdikzio militarraren eta Indar Armatuetako kideek egindako giza eskubideen urraketen ikerketaren artean; zein diren Estatuaren erantzukizuna aitortzeko egintzetarako baldintzak, eta zer elkarreragin dagoen nazioetako eta nazioarteko instantzia judizialen artean giza eskubideen urraketen ordainaz den bezainbatean. Egokiera-arrazoiengatik, alde batera utziko da Kolonbiako Estatuak urratu zituen Amerikar Konbentzioko eskubideetako bakoitzari buruz Giza Eskubideetarako Nazioarteko Auzitegiak erabakitakoaren azterketa. RESUMEN: Mediante la aplicación de la metodología de estudio de caso, el comentario a la Sentencia Santo Domingo vs. Colombia se centra en aspectos estructurales sobre la protección de los derechos humanos en el ámbito interamericano, en especial, el uso que la Corte Interamericana hace del Derecho Internacional Humanitario en situaciones que se producen en contextos de conflictos armados internos, la relación entre la jurisdicción penal militar y la investigación de las violaciones a los derechos humanos cometidas por miembros de las Fuerzas Armadas, los requisitos de los actos de reconocimiento de la responsabilidad del Estado y la interacción entre las instancias judiciales nacionales e internacionales en materia de reparación de violaciones a los derechos humanos. Por razones de oportunidad, se prescinde del análisis del pronunciamiento de la Corte IDH sobre cada uno de los derechos de la Convención Americana que fueron violados por el Estado de Colombia. ABSTRACT: By means of the problem based learning methodology, the analysis of the judgment Santo Domingo vs. Colombia focuses on structural features of the human rights protection within the Inter-American area, specially, the use made by the Inter-American Court of International Humanitarian Law in situations within contexts of internal military conflict, the relationship between military criminal jurisdiction and the investigation of human rights violations committed by Army forces, the requirements of the acts of recognition of the State responsibility and the interaction between the national and international judicial instances regarding the redress for human rights violations. For reasons of practical expediency, we will not analyze the judgment by the Inter-American Court on each of the rights of the American Convention breached by the State of Colombia.

Definition and content of the right to freedom of conscience

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
Ниджат Рафаэль оглу Джафаров ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Freedom Of Conscience ◽  
Key Words Human ◽  
The People ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

It can be accepted that the classification of human rights, its division, types, and groups, is of particular importance. The syllogism for human rights can be taken as follows: law belongs to man; human beings are the highest beings on earth like living beings. Therefore, the regulation prevails. The right to freedom is conditional. Man is free. Consequently, human rights are dependent. Morality is the limit of the law. Morality is the limit and content of human actions. Therefore, the law is the limit of human activities. Morality is related to law. Law is the norm of human behavior. Thereby, human behavior and direction are related to morality. The people create the state. The state has the right. Therefore, the right of the state is the right of the people. The state is an institution made up of citizens. Citizens have the privilege. Such blessings as Dignity, honor, conscience, zeal, honor, etc., and values are a part of morality and spiritual life. Morality is united with law. Therefore, moral values are part of the law. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought and conscience. Space is about the law. Therefore, everyone has the right to opinion and conscience. Key words: human rights, freedom of conscience, conceptuality, citizenship

Functions of compensation for human rights violation in international and national judicial decisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-101
Author(s):  
Dmitry Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
National Court ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
European Court ◽  
International Responsibility

When establishing human rights violations committed by the state, should it be violation of internationally protected rights or constitutional rights, the violator is obliged to compensate for the harm caused. In the meantime, neither international sources, nor national legal acts and case law answer the question whether the obligation to compensate is exhausted by the compensation awarded in accordance with a decision of an international judicial body or such a payment has punitive nature, and the state keeps the obligation to compensate the damage within the frameworks of national proceedings. Following the first part of opening remarks the second part of the article studies universal international law approach towards the state obligation to compensate for human rights violations, it reviews positions of the International Court of Justice, the model established in international customary law of international responsibility. The third part discusses the compensation mechanism of the European Court of Human Rights and a number of cases where the Russian Federation was the respondent state. The forth part considers national regulation of the Council of Europe states and case law thereof. The author argues that the established international case law in respect of awarding compensations for human rights violations is too restrictive – it does not take into account a complex nature of this phenomenon which includes both correction of the individual applicant situation (restitution of the pre-existed situation) and prevention of similar situations in the future. It is concluded that awarding the compensation by an international body primarily constitutes a measure of international responsibility whereas consideration by a national court is a more effective means of restitution of the applicants rights and that the national court shall not deny consideration of applicants claims due to the fact that they have already been awarded compensation by the international judicial body including the European Court of Human Rights.

scholarly journals Canadian Mining Companies and Domestic Law Reform: A Critical Legal Account*

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1459-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charis Kamphuis
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Domestic Law

In the last decade, Canada has become the most important home jurisdiction for mining companies operating globally. Certain Canadian NGOs, faith groups and labor unions argue that these activities systematically give rise to conflicts between companies and local communities in circumstances where companies frequently enjoy effective impunity for the human rights violations they may commit. This assessment has prompted these groups and other likeminded actors to advocate for a series of law reform proposals.

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