Effect of CO2 Flow Rate on the Synthesis of Sliced Activated Carbon from Date Palm Tree Fronds (Agro Waste) by Physical Activation

The effects of the reaction vessel pressure on the BET surface area, pore volume and pore size of the synthesis of sliced activated carbons (SAC) at 850?C starting from 0.10 to 0.40 bars were investigated. Other synthetic variables like dwell time, CO2 flow rate and heating ramp rate were kept constant during the whole study. Methodology involves a single step procedure using the mixture of gases (N2 and CO2). During activation flow rate of both gases are kept at 150 and 50ml/min respectively. The BET surface areas of the SAC prepared at 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35 and 0.40 bar after 30 minutes activation time are 666, 745, 895, 1094, 835, 658 and 625 m2/g, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface morphology, Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for nano particle size were also carried out that also confirms the same trend.

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Study of Date Palm Stem as Raw Material in Preparation of Activated Carbon

The Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] ◽

10.24200/tjer.vol5iss1pp47-54 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 47 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

O. Houache ◽

R. Al-Maamari ◽

B. Al-Rashidi ◽

B. Jibril

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Area ◽

Date Palm ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Carbon Adsorbent ◽

Carbonization Temperature ◽

Raw Material ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Surface Areas

Activated carbon adsorbent was prepared using Omani date palm tree stem as a precursor. Precursor samples were subjected to thermal treatment (at 400, 500 and 600 oC) before or after impregnation with either H3PO4 (85 wt %) or KOH (3 wt %). The activated carbon obtained was characterized by BET (surface area and porosity), Gas Pycnometry (true density) and SEM (texture). Sample subjected to carbonization, without chemical activation, exhibited low surface areas ~ 1.0 m2/g at 400 and 500 oC and 124 m2/g at 600 oC. Further treatment of such samples with either the acid or the base did not show improvement in surface area or other properties. Impregnations of the precursor with acid before carbonization significantly improved the surface area to as high as 1,100 m2/g at a carbonization temperature of 500 oC. Thus, activated carbon with a moderate surface area could be produced from date palm stem using low carbonization temperature.

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Gas Phase Toluene Adsorption Using Date Palm-Tree Branches Based Activated Carbon

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17249287 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (24) ◽

pp. 9287

Author(s):

Muhammad Vohra ◽

Mohammad Al-Suwaiyan ◽

Minaam Hussaini

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Gas Flow ◽

Date Palm ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Breakthrough Time ◽

Response Factors ◽

Gas Treatment ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Gaseous Toluene

Activated carbon that has been widely used for several environmental applications is typically produced from carbon-based raw materials including agricultural by-products. To that end, extensive date palm-tree farming across the globe with millions of palm trees, also results in various types of agricultural waste including date palm-tree branches (DPB) during the regular trimming phase of palm-trees. Furthermore, air pollution also remains a serious concern in many global regions, requiring the application of appropriate treatment technologies to mitigate the respective negative effects on human health and environment. The present study thus assessed the efficiency of activated carbon (AC) derived from date palm-tree branches to treat gaseous toluene (C6H5CH3) streams under varying dynamic flow conditions. The produced activated carbon showed BET specific surface area (SSABET) of 800.87 m2/g with micro and mesoporous structure. The AC FTIR results indicated several surface groups including oxygen based functional groups. Furthermore, the dynamic gas treatment results showed that the respective activated carbon can successfully treat gaseous toluene under varying gas flow rates, gas concentrations and activated carbon bed depths. An increase in the carbon bed depth and decrease in toluene gas concentration and/or flow rate, yielded higher breakthrough time (BT) and exhaustion time (ET) values. Adsorption modeling employing the response surface methodology (RSM) approach successfully modeled the respective gaseous toluene removal experimental findings, with breakthrough time (BT) and exhaustion time (ET) as the response factors. The respective model-fitting parameters showed good outcomes using natural logarithmic transform model.

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Phosphoric Acid Effect on Prepared Activated Carbon from Saudi Arabia’s Date Frond Waste

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.2124 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 110-116 ◽

pp. 2124-2130 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdul Rahim Yacob ◽

Hassan M. Al Swaidan

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Ftir Spectroscopy ◽

Surface Area ◽

Date Palm ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Raw Material ◽

Palm Tree

High surface area activated carbon has always fascinated researchers for its application as adsorbent, for water purification, medical and industrial. Date is the major export of Saudi Arabia, while tons of date foliar and fronds are troublesome and yet to be disposed. Transforming this waste into usable activated carbon can be a good idea for recycling, sustainable and green chemistry. In this study, date tree frond is selected to prepare activated carbon, while the effect of phosphoric acid in chemical activation is studied. Using thermogravimetry analysis, it was found that 400oC was the best temperature to convert date frond to carbon. This is supported by FTIR spectroscopy. Various concentration of phosphoric acid is used to optimize the product high surface area carbon obtained and it was found the best is at 60% phosphoric acid with the highest surface area of 1139 m2g-1. This result is also supported by FTIR spectroscopy, which indicates the similarities between commercial carbon and the carbon prepared. FESEM pictographs show chemical activation using phosphoric acid can easily open up pores and cavity of the prepared activated carbon the get the high surface area. It is thus suggested that for mass production of high surface area carbon, date palm frond is used as the source of raw material, due to its abundance and availability comes from the pruning process on the date palm tree, while chemically activated to get the high surface area.

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ADVANCEMENT IN THE PRODUCTION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM BIOMASS USING MICROWAVE HEATING

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v79.7249 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Adekunle Moshood Abioye ◽

Farid Nasir Ani

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Microwave Heating ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Physical Activation ◽

Activation Process ◽

Agent Flow ◽

Radiation Time

An overview of recent advancement in the production of activated carbon (AC) from biomass using microwave heating is presented. The use of microwave heating method for the thermal conversion of biomass to useful products has been on the increase in the last decade because it offers fast and uniform heating, and a higher level of automation. The effects of process parameters (microwave power and radiation time, agent flow rate in physical activation and impregnation ratio in chemical activation) on the properties and adsorption capacity of the AC are reviewed. From the results reported in the literature, it can be seen that the influence of the preparation parameters on the adsorption capacity of the prepared AC followed the same pattern. In the physical activation process, microwave power and radiation time have more pronounce effects on the properties of the AC than the activation agent flow rate. Furthermore, the properties of the AC were found to be at their best when the process parameters are at the optimum values wether individually or collectively, and further increase in the process value beyond optimum value resulted in decrease in their adsorption capacity.

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Analisis Variasi Temperatur Aktivasi Terhadap Daya Serap Arang Aktif Tandan Aren (Arenga Pinnata Merr) Dengan Agen Aktivasi Potassium Silicate(K2SiO3)

Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Fisika ◽

10.36709/jipfi.v5i3.13803 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 221

Author(s):

Muhammad Azam ◽

Muhammad Anas ◽

Erniwati Erniwati

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Temperature Variation ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Potassium Silicate ◽

Physical Activation ◽

Activation Temperature ◽

Pyrolysis Reactor

This study aims to determine the effect of variation of activation temperature of activated carbon from sugar palm bunches of chemically activatied with the activation agent of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) on the adsorption capacity of iodine and methylene blue. Activated carbon from bunches of sugar palmacquired in four steps: preparationsteps, carbonizationstepsusing the pyrolysis reactor with temperature of 300 oC - 400 oC for 8 hours and chemical activation using of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) activator in weight ratio of 2: 1 and physical activation using the electric furnace for 30 minutes with temperature variation of600 oC, 650 oC, 700 oC, 750 oC and 800 oC. The iodine and methyleneblue adsorption testedby Titrimetric method and Spectrophotometry methodrespectively. The results of the adsorption of iodine and methylene blue activated carbon from sugar palm bunches increased from 240.55 mg/g and 63.14 mg/g at a temperature of 600 oC to achieve the highest adsorption capacity of 325.80 mg/g and 73.59 mg/g at temperature of 700 oC and decreased by 257.54 mg/g and 52.03 mg/g at a temperature of 800 oCrespectively.However, it does not meet to Indonesia standard (Standard Nasional Indonesia/SNI), which is 750 mg/g and 120 mg/g respectively.

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