scholarly journals Start-up Nation? Slave Wealth and Entrepreneurship in Civil War Maryland

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe González ◽  
Guillermo Marshall ◽  
Suresh Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Suggestive Evidence ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Dun And Bradstreet ◽  
Total Wealth

Slave property rights yielded a source of collateral as well as a coerced labor force. Using data from Dun and Bradstreet linked to the 1860 census and slave schedules in Maryland, we find that slaveowners were more likely to start businesses prior to the uncompensated 1864 emancipation, even conditional on total wealth and human capital, and this advantage disappears after emancipation. We assess a number of potential explanations, and find suggestive evidence that this is due to the superiority of slave wealth as a source of collateral for credit rather than any advantage in production. The collateral dimension of slave property magnifies its importance to historical American economic development.

The Effects of the Protestant Reformation on Human Capital

2011 ◽  
pp. 92-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha O. Becker ◽  
Ludger Woessmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Using Data

Max Weber's (1904) thesis that the Protestant Reformation was instrumental in facilitating industrial capitalism in Western Europe is generally viewed as the “most famous link between culture and economic development.” Weber suggested that Protestants had a specific work ethic that made them work harder and save more. In recent work, an alternative explanation has been proposed that receives strong empirical support: Protestants had higher human capital, which made them more productive and therefore increased their economic prosperity. This article explores the recent advancements in the economics of religion that assign a leading role to human capital in understanding the economic effects of the Reformation. It first provides a brief sketch of the underlying theory and then presents extensive evidence on the effects of the Reformation on human capital using data from nineteenth-century Prussia. The article also discusses consequences beyond education, covering effects on economic development as well as on the fertility decline. Evidence from outside Prussia, both across and within countries, is also presented.

Universities as Engines of Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubha Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Research ◽  
Law And Development ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Economic Development And Growth

Abstract The Bayh–Dole Act was enacted in the United States in 1980 to promote economic development and growth at regional and national levels. A key engine is research generated within universities. This article addresses the question of how universities can serve as engines of development. Drawing on Cooter and Shaeffer’s work on law and development, specifically what they call the double trust problem, this article shows how the Bayh–Dole Act was justified as resolving the double trust problem arising from lack of property rights in university research. This article presents the argument that this goal of the Bayh–Dole Act ignores how universities solve another dimension of the double trust problem, namely the generation of human capital. The author examines the theoretical justifications for the Bayh–Dole Act and universities and the empirical policy literature assessing university patenting and commercialization in the United States, South Africa, and India.

scholarly journals Measuring Human Capital Indicators in Iraq for 2010-2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Abduallah Hamad Al-Dabash ◽  
Nishteman Hassan Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Development Objectives

Reflect the work on his mental capacity and muscle enjoyed by the man, and used for the production of goods and services strength. Meaning that the labor force constitutes the total forces that contribute and produce various goods and services in the community, and human capital is all the knowledge and capacity- and skills that Acquisition humans in society through education and practical experience, hypotheses of the study: "The human capital indicators in Iraq with low values and that the promise of the government's attention or develop the skills, knowledge and capabilities of human capital of the private sector to contribute effectively in the production and productivity and economic development of the country. objectives of the study: the research concluded: human capital in Iraq indicators show that it is very low, except illiteracy indicator that the high rate of illiteracy among the shows ages 15 and above, and this age group is young and active power economically . low skills and capabilities of the Iraqi workforce and the weakness of its contribution in the areas of creativity,   innovation and the associated weakness of education and the adoption of theoretical education and lack of negligent or practical levels of education or applied, which weakens the contribution to economic development capabilities. suffers head Iraqi human capital of neglect in the areas of training, rehabilitation and keep pace with global scientific and technological developments . Which led to the migration of Iraqi scientific talent to other countries to prove its Scientific and its place among the global labor force He suggested: improving the conditions of human capital, especially in the production of educational institutions. And through the development of training methods and the development of skills and attention to the practical aspects of the study. Must develop human capital are geared for practical purposes and appropriate to meet the needs of the short and long-term community. Strengthening the trend towards higher education scientific and practical studies in order to achieve development objectives and requirements of trained human resources.

Transformation of the intellectual capital structure and a growth in the significance of its components – human capital and intellectual property – in today's economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-758
Author(s):  
S.N. Larin ◽  
E.Yu. Khrustalev ◽  
N.V. Noakk
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Definition Of

Subject. Currently, as the global economy evolves, its innovative components should demonstrate a tendency of accelerated growth as intellectual capital, information technologies, increasing knowledge and digitization of mushrooming production processes. Nowadays, intellectual capital is one of the economic development drivers. However, the economic community is found to have no generally accepted wording of the concept, thus laying the basis for this article. Objectives. The study sums up the analysis of approaches used by the Russian and foreign economists to determining the economic substance of intellectual capital. We also identify the importance of human capital as its components and specify the definition of the concept. Methods. The article overviews and analyzes proceedings by the most renowned authors, which substantiate how the economic substance of intellectual capital should be unveiled, and suggest its definitions. Results. We specified the definition of intellectual capital concerning the current economic development. We suggest integrating a new component into intellectual capital, such as intellectual property, which includes products of intellectual activity and intangible assets. They can be owned by the entity or other legal entities and individuals, including some employees of the entity. Conclusions and Relevance. The specified definition of intellectual capital will help address issues of sustainable economic development and ensure the competitiveness of the Russian entities nationwide and worldwide, since it directly contributes to intellectual capital and its components.

scholarly journals Human Capital Disparities and Earnings Inequality in The Portuguese Private Labour Market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derick R. C. Almeida ◽  
João A. S. Andrade ◽  
Adelaide Duarte ◽  
Marta Simões
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Returns To Schooling ◽  
Education Inequality ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThis paper examines human capital inequality and how it relates to earnings inequality in Portugal using data from Quadros de Pessoal for the period 1986–2017. The objective is threefold: (i) show how the distribution of human capital has evolved over time; (ii) investigate the association between human capital inequality and earnings inequality; and (iii) analyse the role of returns to schooling, together with human capital inequality, in the explanation of earnings inequality. Our findings suggest that human capital inequality, computed based on the distribution of average years of schooling of employees working in the Portuguese private labour market, records a positive trend until 2007 and decreases from this year onwards, suggesting the existence of a Kuznets curve of education relating educational attainment levels and education inequality. Based on the decomposition of a Generalized Entropy index (Theil N) for earnings inequality, we observe that inequality in the distribution of human capital plays an important role in the explanation of earnings inequality, although this role has become less important over the last decade. Using Mincerian earnings regressions to estimate the returns to schooling together with the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition of real hourly earnings we confirm that there are two important forces associated with the observed decrease in earnings inequality: a reduction in education inequality and compressed returns to schooling, mainly in tertiary education.

scholarly journals Exploring the Influences of Innovation Climate and Resource Endowments through Two Types of University–Industry Collaborative Activities on Regional Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7559
Author(s):  
Shu Yu ◽  
Shuangshuang Zhang ◽  
Takaya Yuizono
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Industry Collaboration ◽  
Regional Sustainable Development ◽  
Resource Endowments ◽  
Innovation Climate ◽  
University Industry

“Innovation driven” is the proper term for promoting regional sustainable development under the general goal of national high-quality development. University–industry collaboration (UIC) has become an important innovation resource for regional sustainable development. The study aims to analyze the influencing factors and mediating mechanisms of university–industry collaboration scientific and technological (S&T) and business activities oriented for regional sustainable development in 30 provinces in China (excluding Tibet). Specifically, we used the partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling method to test the effects of innovation climate and resource endowments on regional sustainable development through two mode pathways of university–industry collaboration activities. The results show that the innovation climate and resource endowments significantly affect UIC in scientific and technological innovation activities, and then affect the regional economic development and human capital. UIC S&T innovation activities play positive mediating roles in promoting regional sustainable development. In addition, the innovation climate does not significantly impact the business activities of UIC. Therefore, region can get a greater sustainable development through UIC S&T innovation activities than business activities. Much more UIC S&T activities can improve the economic development, human capital, and environmental conditions in the region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document