Effects of Bacillus subtilis on Candida albicans: biofilm formation, filamentation and gene expression

Objective: The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of Bacillus subtilis on Candida albicans biofilm formation and filamentation by evaluating the gene expression of ALS3, HWP1, BCR1, EFG1 and TEC1. Material and Methods: Mixed (C. albicans / B.subtilis) and monotypic biofilms were cultured in plates at 37°C for 48 h under shaking for counting viable cells (CFU / mL) and analysis of gene expression by real-time PCR. The C. albicans filamentation assay was performed in medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C for 6 hours. Data was analysed by t-Student and Mann– Whitney tests. Results: B. subtilis reduced the biofilm formation of C. albicans in 1 log when cultured in the same environment (p<0.0001). In addition, it significantly reduced the yeast -hypha transition affecting the morphology of C. albicans. Among all of the analyzed genes, the ALS3 and HWP1 genes were the most affected, achieving 111.1- and 333.3- fold decreases in the C. albicans biofilms associated with B. subtilis, respectively. Conclusion: B. subtilis reduced the biofilm formation and filamentation of C. albicans by negatively regulating the ALS3, HWP1, BCR1, EFG1 and TEC1 genes that are essential for the production of biofilm and hyphae.KeywordsBacillus subtilis; Candida albicans; Biofilm; Filamentation; Gene expression.

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An optimized approach to germ-free rearing in the jewel waspNasonia

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.2316 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. e2316 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. Dylan Shropshire ◽

Edward J. van Opstal ◽

Seth R. Bordenstein

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Bovine Serum ◽

Fetal Bovine Serum ◽

Larval Survival ◽

Adult Males ◽

Free System ◽

Germ Free ◽

Real Time Visualization ◽

Fetal Bovine

Development of aNasonia in vitrogerm-free rearing system in 2012 enabled investigation ofNasonia-microbiota interactions and real-time visualization of parasitoid metamorphosis. However, the use of antibiotics, bleach, and fetal bovine serum introduced artifacts relative to conventional rearing ofNasonia. Here, we optimize the germ-free rearing procedure by using filter sterilizationin lieuof antibiotics and by removing residual bleach and fetal bovine serum. Comparison of these methods reveals no influence on larval survival or growth, and a 52% improvement in adult production. Additionally, adult males produced in the new germ-free system are similar in size to conventionally reared males. Experimental implications of these changes are discussed.

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Inhibition of Distinct Proline- or N-Acetylglucosamine-Induced Hyphal Formation Pathways by Proline Analogs in Candida albicans

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/7245782 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Tatsuki Sato ◽

Hisashi Hoshida ◽

Rinji Akada

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Turning Point ◽

Fetal Bovine Serum ◽

Yeast Form ◽

Induction Condition ◽

Fetal Bovine ◽

Virulence Property ◽

Hyphal Formation

Candida albicans undergoes a yeast-to-hyphal transition that has been recognized as a virulence property as well as a turning point leading to biofilm formation associated with candidiasis. It is known that yeast-to-hyphal transition is induced under complex environmental conditions including temperature (above 35°C), pH (greater than 6.5), CO2, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), amino acids, RPMI-1640 synthetic culture medium, and blood serum. To identify the hyphal induction factor in the RPMI-1640 medium, we examined each component of RPMI-1640 and established a simple hyphal induction condition, that is, incubation in L-proline solution at 37°C. Incubation in GlcNAc solution alone, which is not contained in RPMI-1640, without any other materials was also identified as another simple hyphal induction condition. To inhibit hyphal formation, proline and GlcNAc analogs were examined. Among the proline analogs used, L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZC) inhibited hyphal induction under both induction conditions, but L-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid (T4C) specifically inhibited proline-induced hyphal formation only, while α-N-methyl-L-proline (mPro) selectively inhibited GlcNAc-induced hyphal formation. Hyphal formation in fetal bovine serum was also inhibited by AZC or T4C together with mPro without affecting the proliferation of yeast form. These results indicate that these proline analogs are ideal inhibitors of yeast-to-hyphal transition in C. albicans.

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Optimum Combination of Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium and Fetal Bovine Serum for Culture of Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes in Three-Dimensional Alginate Scaffolds

International Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1155/2009/747016 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lanlan Zhang ◽

Hong Song ◽

Xiaojun Zhao

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cell Division ◽

Bovine Serum ◽

Articular Chondrocytes ◽

Fetal Bovine Serum ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Alginate Hydrogels ◽

Fetal Bovine ◽

Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) has been reported to affect chondrocyte biosynthesis in monolayer culture. Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium (ITS) was investigated as a partial replacement for FBS during in vitro culture of rabbit articular chondrocytes in three-dimensional alginate scaffold. Chondrocyte-seeded alginate hydrogels were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium plus 10% FBS, 1% ITS plus 2% FBS, 1% ITS plus 4% FBS, or 1% ITS plus 8% FBS. At designed time point, the Chondrocyte-seeded alginate hydrogels were harvested and evaluated with histological staining, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative gene expression analysis. Viable cell density and cell division were also evaluated. Chondrocytes biosynthesis and cell division in 1% ITS with 2% FBS medium were similar to that in medium added with 10% FBS. For a total culture of 3 weeks, phenotypic gene expression in chondrocyte-seeded hydrogels was maintained at high levels in medium with 1% ITS plus 2% FBS, while it was decreased to varying degrees in the other groups. In conclusion, with 1% ITS, medium with 2% FBS could promote chondrocyte biosynthesis and cell division, and prevented cell dedifferentiation in three-dimensional alginate scaffolds.

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Real-time PCR expression profiling of genes encoding potential virulence factors in Candida albicans biofilms: identification of model-dependent and -independent gene expression

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/1471-2180-10-114 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 114 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Heleen Nailis ◽

Soňa Kucharíková ◽

Markéta Řičicová ◽

Patrick Van Dijck ◽

Dieter Deforce ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Real Time ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Expression Profiling ◽

Independent Gene ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Candida Albicans Biofilms

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Determination the Gene Expression Levels of adhesins and Extracellular Enzymes Genes in Candida albicans biofilm producer by Quantitative Real Time PCR Technique (qRT-PCR)

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ◽

10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14553 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Extracellular Enzymes ◽

Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

Gene Expression Levels

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Fetal bovine serum influences apoptosis and apoptosis-related gene expression in porcine parthenotes developing in vitro

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep.1.00039 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 127 (1) ◽

pp. 125-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Xiang-Shun Cui ◽

Yu-Jeong Jeong ◽

Hwa-Young Lee ◽

Sun-Hong Cheon ◽

Nam-Hyung Kim

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Bovine Serum ◽

Fetal Bovine Serum ◽

Blastocyst Stage ◽

Related Gene ◽

Embryo Viability ◽

Cell Stage ◽

Fetal Bovine ◽

Apoptosis Related Gene

This study was conducted to determine the effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), fetal bovine serum (FBS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) on blastocoel formation, total cell number, apoptosis and Bcl-xL and Bak gene expression in porcine presumptive diploid parthenotes developing in vitro. The addition of 0.4% BSA to the culture medium enhanced the development of 2-cell or late 4-cell stage parthenotes to the blastocyst stage (P < 0.01) while FBS decreased the incidence of blastocoel formation. FBS also reduced the frequency of blastocysts developed from both 2-cell (P < 0.001) and late 4-cell (P < 0.05) embryos and increased the percentage of blastocysts undergoing apoptosis (P < 0.001). The relative abundance of Bcl-xL mRNA in presumptive diploid parthenotes in the control, PVA- and BSA-supplemented medium was similar to that of in vivo-derived embryos, but was significantly higher than in parthenotes cultured with FBS supplement (P < 0.05). Bak mRNA significantly increased at the blastocyst stage in FBS-supplemented cells (P < 0.01). These results suggest that apoptosis-related gene expression is significantly affected by FBS, and that this may result in alteration of apoptosis and embryo viability of porcine embryos developing in vitro.

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