Changes in temperature of a Plinthosol cultivated  with sugarcane under straw levels

Soil temperature is affected by its coverage and influences sugarcane productivity. Changes in temperature were assessed in a Plinthosol cultivated with sugarcane under different straw levels, as well as its reflection in stalk productivity, aiming at determining the maximum amount of straw to be removed for other purposes without damaging soil thermal conditions necessary for the crop. The experimental design was a split-plot randomized block design with four replications, with assessment periods of soil temperature arranged in the main plots, straw levels (0, 4.2, 9.5, 13.0, and 18.4 Mg ha−1) arranged in the subplots, and two measuring depths of soil temperature (0.05 and 0.10 m) arranged in the sub-subplots. Soil temperature was obtained by T-type thermocouples (copper/constantan). Soil thermal amplitude underwent oscillations as a function of straw levels, especially at a depth of 0.05 m. The maintenance of 9.5 Mg ha−1 of straw provided an increase of 11.1% in stalk productivity. Values above 9.5 Mg ha−1 of straw can be removed from the field for other purposes without impairing soil thermal conditions required for the crop.

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Soybean yield in succession to single and intercropping corn and brachiaria and submitted to differents irrigation intervals

Revista Engenharia na Agricultura - REVENG ◽

10.13083/reveng.v29i1.11225 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 66-80

Author(s):

Neriane De Souza Padilha ◽

Gessí Ceccon ◽

Valdecir Batista Alves ◽

Antonio Luiz Neto Neto ◽

Juslei Figueiredo da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Block Design ◽

Soybean Yield ◽

Previous Crop ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Split Plot ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Red Latosol

The experiment was performed at a non-acclimatized protected screened environment. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence predecessor crops of single and intercropping corn and brachiaria on soybean yield submitted to irrigation intervals. The experimental design adopted was in a split split-plot randomized block design with four repetitions. Two soil classes (dystroferric Red Latosol and dystrophic Red Latosol) were evaluated in the plots, three intervals between irrigations were used during the soybean flowering (each one day, two days and three days) in the subplots and three types straw in the crops autumn-winter (single corn, single brachiaria, intercropping corn and brachiaria) in the sub-subplots. The two soybean plants cultivated in polyethylene pots containing 20 liters of dystroferric Red Latosol or dystrophic Red Latosol corresponded to each repetition, according to the treatment. The irrigation intervals of three and two days, in dystroferric Red Latosol and dystrophic Red Latosol, respectively, with single brachiaria at the previous crop provided greater number and weight of pods, higher number of grains and higher soybean yield. Irrigation every three days with single corn at the previous crop in dystroferric Red Latosol and dystrophic Red Latosol, resulted in the lower soybean performance.

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PENGARUH JENIS MULSA DAN PUPUK GANDASIL-B TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT (Capsium frustescens L.) PADA TANAH GAMBUT PEDALAMAN (The Effect of Mulch Type and Gandasil-B Fertilizer on The Growth and Yield of Chili Pepper (Capsicum fr

AgriPeat ◽

10.36873/agp.v18i01.17 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (01) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Admin Journal

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Different Types ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

Black Plastic

ABSTRACTThis research was aimed to investigate the effect of mulch type and gandasil-B fertilizer on the growth and yield of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) on inland peat soil. The method used in this research was two-factor Randomized Block Design with split plot arrangement and three replications. The main plot was the mulch type which consists of three treatments, namely: control, cogon grass and silver-black plastic mulch, and as sub plot was the dose of gandasil-B which consists of four 4 levels, namely: 0, 1, 2, and 3 g L-1 water. Results showed that the interaction between different types of mulch and gandasil-B fertilizer only had significant effect on the diameter of the stem, the number of productive branch, the number of fruit per plant, and the weight of fruit per plant. The utilization of silver-black plastic mulch and gandasil- B fertilizer at the concentration of 3 g L-1 water showed more number of productive branch (14.00 branches) and number of fruit (151.17 fruits) per plant and the weight of fruit (166.52 g) per plant was significantly higher.Keywords : Mulch, cogon grass, silver-black plastic, Gandasil-B, inland peat soil ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis mulsa dan pupuk gandasil-B terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum fruestescens L.) pada tanah gambut pedalaman. Percobaan ini menggunaakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) disusun secara split plot dengan dua faktor perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Sebagai petak utama, yaitu jenis mulsa terdiri dari tiga jenis, yaitu : kontrol, mulsa alang-alang dan mulsa plastik hitam perak. Sebagai anak petak adalah dosis pupuk Gandasil-B terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan, yaitu : 0, 1, 2 dan 3 g L-1 air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi penggunaan jenis mulsa dengan pupuk gandasil-B hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap diameter batang, jumlah cabang produktif, jumlah buah per tanaman dan berat buah per tanaman. Penggunaan mulsa plastik hitam perak dan pupuk gandasil-B 3 g L-1 air diperoleh jumlah cabang produktif (14.00 cabang) dan jumlah buah (151.17 buah) per tanaman) nyata lebih banyak dan berat buah (166.52 g) per tanaman nyata lebih tinggi.Kata kunci : Mulsa, alang-alang, plastik hitam perak, pupuk gandasil-B, gambut pedalaman

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Insights into the Positive Effect of Pyraclostrobin on Sugarcane Productivity

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy8070122 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 122 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amanda Moreira Lopes ◽

Pedro Schumacher ◽

Aurora Terylene Pérez Martínez ◽

Antônio Paulino da Costa Netto ◽

Antonio Chalfun-Junior

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽

Enzyme Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Management Techniques ◽

Stalk Yield ◽

Sugarcane Productivity ◽

High Yields ◽

Positive Effect

Achieving high yields is a challenge for sugarcane producers due to the diverse environmental conditions to which the crop is subjected. In tropical and subtropical regions, where sugarcane is typically cultivated, crop diseases are common. This necessitates the development of disease management techniques. Among these techniques, chemical control is of particular significance due to the development of new antifungal agents, such as pyraclostrobin. For some crops, pyraclostrobin has a positive influence on yield due to its effects on plant physiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses and yield of three sugarcane cultivars treated with the fungicide, pyraclostrobin. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design (RBD) with a split-plot arrangement; the variables analyzed were the application or non-application of fungicide in the plots and, in the subplots, the evaluation times after fungicide application. Both the rate of photosynthesis and the antioxidant enzyme (Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Ascorbate Peroxidades) activity increased in plants treated with fungicide in comparison to untreated plants, and in the RB855156 cultivar the stomatal conductance, transpiration, and nocturnal respiratory rate were increased. Furthermore, application of pyraclostrobin increased stalk yield and the green biomass index in the RB855156 and RB86751 sugarcane cultivars. In certain cultivars of sugarcane, application of pyraclostrobin leads to an increased yield.

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Technical and Economic Viability of Wheat with Forms of Application and Doses of Boron

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n4p306 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 306 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fernando S. Galindo ◽

Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽

Salatiér Buzetti ◽

Eduardo H. M. Boleta ◽

Willian L. Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Block Design ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Economic Viability ◽

No Tillage ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Economic Return ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Tillage System ◽

Irrigated Wheat

Boron is one of the most limiting micronutrients in grains production system in Brazil. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the effect of forms of application and doses of boron in irrigated wheat grain yield evaluating the economic terms in Cerrado region. The experiment was conducted in no-tillage system in an Oxisol with clay texture in Selvíria, MS, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replicates, arranged in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme: four doses of boron (0, 1, 2 and 4 kg ha-1) with boric acid source (B = 17%); and three apllication forms: a) in desiccation of the predecessor straw, together with herbicide; b) at the time of sowing, in soil along with the formulated fertilization seeding and c) via leaf tissue with the application of post emergent herbicide. The application of 2 kg ha-1 provides greater grain yields, but the highest economic return was obtained at the dose of 1 kg ha-1, with application in soil, ensuring profitability from production of irrigated wheat in the Cerrado.

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Nutritional Requirement of Sugarcane Cultivars

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n4p361 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 361 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vinicius S. G. da Silva ◽

Mauro W. de Oliveira ◽

Vilma M. Ferreira ◽

Terezinha B. A. Oliveira ◽

Elaine R. Galvão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutritional Requirements ◽

Nutritional Requirement ◽

Sugarcane Varieties ◽

The Past ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Productive Potential ◽

New Varieties

Sugarcane produces a large amount of biomass, extracts and accumulates high amounts of nutrients. In the literature the nutritional requirements for most cultivated varieties in the past are found, however there is little information on the new varieties currently planted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional requirement of four sugarcane varieties, currently very planted, in the cycles of plant-cane, first and second ratoon. The study was installed in a Yellow Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with five replications, and four treatments: RB867515, RB92579, SP813250 and VAT90212. During maturation of the cane, in the three evaluation cycles, the productivity of natural biomass and the nutritional requirement of macronutrients of the varieties were determined. It was evidenced that the cultivars of sugarcane are of high productive potential and resemble the accumulation of biomass, observing a yield of 158, 128 and 107 t ha-1 in the cycles of plant-cane, first and second ratoon. Regarding the nutritional requirement, the varieties did not differ among them and expressed the following order of need in the plant-cane K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P, in the first and second ratoon, the sequence observed was K > N > Ca > S > Mg > P.

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Phenotypic stability and genetic gains in six-year girth growth of Hevea clones

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x1999000700015 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 1223-1232 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Paulo de Souza Gonçalves ◽

Alberto Kazutoshi Fujihara ◽

Altino Aldo Ortolani ◽

Ondino Cleante Bataglia ◽

Nelson Bortoletto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Regression Coefficient ◽

Block Design ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Phenotypic Stability ◽

Plateau Region ◽

Genetic Gains ◽

Paulo State ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Clonal Variance

Rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Müell. Arg.] budgrafts of seven clones were evaluated on five contrasting sites in the plateau region of the São Paulo State, Brazil. The objective of this work was to study the phenotypic stability for girth growth. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications and seven treatments. Analysis of variance of girth at six-year plant growth indicated a highly significant clone x site interaction. Only linear sites and clone x site components of clone x year interaction were significant, indicating that the performance of clones over sites for this trait could be predicted. The clones GT 1 and PB 235 showed the greatest stability in relation to girth growth, with foreseen responses to change, introduced in the sites. The clones PB 235 and IAN 873 showed significative difference in relation to regression coefficient, representing clones with specific adaptability on favorable and unfavorable sites respectively. The clone GT 1 became the most promissory one in the study of stability and adaptability even showing low girth growth. Expected genetic gains from planting sites, along with estimates of clonal variance and repeatability of clonal means are generally greatest or close to the greatest when selection is done at the same site.

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Seleção de genótipos de batata-doce quanto à eficiência ao uso do fósforo em solos da região de cerrado

Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity ◽

10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v4n4.silva ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 356-364

Author(s):

Luziano Lopes Da Silva ◽

Márcio Antônio Da Silveira ◽

Rodrigo Ribeiro Fidelis ◽

Rodrigo de Castro Tavares ◽

Valéria Gomes Momenté ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Block Design ◽

Tuberous Root ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

Germplasm Bank ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

The Family ◽

Selection Of

The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (l.) Lam.) Lam) is a plant that produces tuberous root belonging to the family convolvulácea explored in practically all states of Brazil. The objective of this work was to select genotypes of the sweet potato as the efficiency of phosphorus use in cerrado soils with high and low availability of this nutrient. Were evaluated nine genotypes of sweet potato coming from the germplasm bank from the Federal University of the Tocantins, Brazil. The experimental design was in randomized block design with three replications being nine genotypes grown in two environments with low and high phosphorus availability, using doses of phosphorus fertilization from 20 and 120 kg ha-1 P2O5, applied at planting. To select genotypes suitable for environments proposed was used methodology for selection of the efficient use and response to phosphorus fertilization (efficiency and response). Genotype Amanda was classified as efficient and responsive, Barbara, Julia, Marcela and Carolina Vitoria as efficient, but not responsive and Livia, Duda, Ana Clara and Beatriz were classified as non-efficient, responsive but the absorption and utilization of phosphorus.

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Keragaan Varietas Kubis (Brassica oleracea L) Dataran Rendah dengan Aplikasi Mulsa di Maluku

JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN ◽

10.30598/jbdp.2020.16.1.42 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 42-50

Author(s):

Marietje Pesireron ◽

Sheny S Kaihatu ◽

Rein E Senewe

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Sticky Trap ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Yield Performance ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Study Results ◽

Number Percentage ◽

Brassica Oleracea L

The low yield of cabbage in Maluku is thought to due to the lack of attention of farmers to grow to crop because so far farmers think it can only grow well and forms crops in the highlands, so no one wants to grow cabbage. This study aimed to determine the yield performance of five cabbage varieties with the use of several types of mulches and was carried out in Gemba Village, Kairatu Subdistrict, Western Seram Regency. The experimental design used was the factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications and the farmers as replications. The first factor was five varieties of cabbage (Sehati-F1, Daehnfeldt, Green Hero, Green Coronet, KK-Koss), the second factor was the type of mulch, consisting of four types, namely: without mulch (M0), black silver plastic mulch, straw mulch, and husk mulch. The data obtained were analyzed with analysis of variance and DMRT test at the level of 5% if necessary. Parameters observed included plant height at 45 days after planting, leaf number, percentage of crop formation, percentage of pest and disease attacks, crop circumference per plant at harvest, fruit weight, and yield. The study results showed that the five varieties tested with the use of various types of mulch had the potentials to be developed in Maluku. Varieties with the highest yields and very good adaptation to lowland environments in Maluku included Sehati-F1 and KK-Cross. Pest control by using plant-based pesticides in a combination with scheduled mechanical control (yellow plates, pitfalls, and stick traps) could reduce the levels of pest and disease attacks and the crops appeared healthy for consumption. Keywords: cabbage, lowland, mulch ABSTRAK Rendahnya produksi kubis di Maluku diduga akibat kurangnya perhatian petani untuk bertanam kubis, yang dikarenakan selama ini petani mengira kubis hanya dapat tumbuh baik dan membentuk krop di dataran tinggi, sehingga sedikit petani yang mau berusahatani kubis. Kajian ini bertujuan mengetahui keragaan hasil lima varietas kubis dengan penggunaan berbagai jenis mulsa di desa Gemba, Kecamatan Kairatu, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan tiga ulangan dan petani sebagai ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah lima varietas kubis (Sehati-F1, Daehnfeldt, Green hero, Green Coronet, KK-Cross); faktor kedua adalah jenis mulsa yang terdiri dari empat macam, yaitu: tanpa mulsa (M0), mulsa plastic hitam perak, mulsa jerami dan mulsa sekam. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dan uji lanjut DMRT pada taraf 5% sesuai kebutuhan. Peubah-peubah yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman umur 45 hari setelah tanam (hst), jumlah daun, persentase pembentukan krop, persentase serangan hama dan penyakit, lingkar buah per tanaman saat panen, bobot buah dan hasil panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelima varietas yang di uji dengan penggunaan berbagai jenis mulsa sangat berpotensi untuk dibudidayakan di Maluku berdasarkan kemampuannya membentuk krop. Varietas dengan produksi tertinggi dan beradaptasi sangat baik terhadap lingkungan dataran rendah di lokasi penelitian adalah Sehati-F1 dan KK-Cross. Penggendalian hama dengan menggunakan pestisida nabati yang dikombinasikan dengan pengendalian secara mekanis (tampan kuning, pitfoll dan sticky trap) secara terjadwal dapat menurunkan tingkat serangan hama dan penyakit, dan menghasilkan tanaman-tanaman yang sehat. Kata Kunci: dataran rendah, kubis, mulsa, varietas

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ANALISIS PERCOBAAN FAKTORIAL UNTUK MELIHAT PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN ALAT PERAGA BLOK ALJABAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR ALJABAR SISWA

E-Jurnal Matematika ◽

10.24843/mtk.2013.v02.i02.p030 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

NI PUTU AYU MIRAH MARIATI ◽

NI LUH PUTU SUCIPTAWATI ◽

KARTIKA SARI

Keyword(s):

Academic Achievement ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Block Design ◽

Student Academic Achievement ◽

Visual Aids ◽

Geometry Model ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Algebraic Forms ◽

Block Algebra ◽

Better Than

The experimental design was applied in research in many different fields of science, such as in education, as used in this study. Block algebra visual aids is a visual aids in the form of the geometry model used to concretize understanding the variables and constants in the algebra which is an abstract concept. This visual aids are used as a basis for factoring algebraic forms. In connection with this, the aims of this research is to determine the effect of the application of algebra block in student academic achievement in class VII in the field of algebra in schools categorized as private, SSN (Sekolah Standar Nasional) and the previously categorized RSBI (Rintisan Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional). The method of analysis used in this study was two-factor experimental design in a randomized block design. The results showed that the academic achievement of students in the field of algebra after learning with block algebra visual aids obtained better than the academic achievement of students who received learning without using block algebra visual aids. Moreover, it also shows that the categories of schools have a significant effect on student achievement.

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Response of Wheat Plants to Combinations of Herbicides with Insecticides and Fungicides

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100068 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

M. VIECELLI ◽

F.B. PAGNONCELLI JR. ◽

M.M. TREZZI ◽

B.M. CAVALHEIRO ◽

R.C.R. GOBETTI

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Wheat Grains ◽

Synergistic Interactions ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Relative Tolerance ◽

Chemical Groups

ABSTRACT: The combination of herbicides and other pesticides can influence weed and crop management. This study aimed to evaluate the response of the combination of different herbicides with insecticides or fungicides of different chemical groups on the development and yield of wheat grains of the cultivar ORS Vintecinco. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The experiment consisted of 33 treatments, as follows: control without application and application of the herbicides 2,4-D (1,005 g a.e. ha-1), bentazon (756 g a.i. ha-1), metsulfuron-methyl (3 g a.i. ha-1), and pyroxsulam (16 g a.i. ha-1), isolated or combined with the insecticides chlorfluazuron (15 g a.i. ha-1), chlorpyrifos (720 g a.i. ha-1), deltamethrin (5 g a.i. ha-1), and methomyl (5 g a.i. ha-1) or with the fungicides azoxystrobin (100 g a.i. ha-1), carbendazim (250 g a.i. ha-1), and propiconazole (190 g a.i. ha-1). Relative tolerance (RT), shoot dry matter (SDM), yield components, and grain yield were evaluated. In general, pyroxsulam had the highest number of synergistic interactions with insecticides and fungicides, reducing RT and SDM, especially the combination pyroxsulam + chlorpyrifos due to a lower RT level (45%) and higher SDM reduction (52%). All combinations of herbicides with the insecticide chlorpyrifos and most of the combinations with the fungicide propiconazole led to a reduction of grain yield when compared to their isolated application or to control without application.

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