Physiology in Talisia esculenta seedlings under irrigation with saline water on substrate with hydrogel

Salinity interferes in the physiology of seedlings from germination and seedling emergence, so it is necessary to adopt measures to mitigate its effects. The objectives of this research were to evaluate irrigation frequency, saline water, polymer, and container volume in the emergence and physiology of Talisia esculenta (A. St.-Hil.) Radlk. The treatments were obtained from the combination of polymer doses (0.0; 0.2; 0.6; 1.0; and 1.2 g dm-3), electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (0.3; 1, 1; 2.7; 4.3; and 5.0 dS m-1), and irrigation frequencies (daily and alternate), plus two additional treatments to assess the volume of the container. A randomized block design was used. Emergence and leaf indices of chlorophyll, fluorescence, and gas exchange were analyzed 100 days after sowing. The increase in electrical conductivity reduced and delayed seedling emergence. Decreasing irrigation frequency reduced the chlorophyll b index, stomatal conductance, transpiration, net CO2 assimilation, and carboxylation efficiency. The magnitude of the effects of electrical conductivity of water and polymer were associated with the frequency of irrigation. However, both salinity and polymer reduced practically all physiological variables. The reduction in container volume also affected the physiology of the seedlings, with more effects when irrigated on alternate days. The T. esculenta seedlings are considered sensitive to salinity, should be irrigated daily with water with less electrical conductivity than 1.0 dS m-1, as well as higher capacity containers used (0.75 vs 1.30 dm3).

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Allometry and morphophysiology of papaya seedlings in a substrate with polymer under irrigation with saline water

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v11i0.3339 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. e3339

Author(s):

EXPEDITO CAVALCANTE NASCIMENTO NETO ◽

Francisco Thiago Coelho Bezerra ◽

Marlene Alexandrina Ferreira Bezerra ◽

Walter Esfrain Pereira ◽

Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Area Ratio ◽

Irrigation Frequency ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Blade Area

The availability and quality of the irrigation water are among the limitations for the development of agriculture in the semiarid. Aiming at gathering information on these limitations, this work aimed to evaluate the association between a water-absorbing polymer and water salinity in irrigation frequencies, as well as container volumes on the allometric and morphophysiological indices of seedlings of the papaya (Carica papaya) cultivar ‘Sunrise Solo’. The treatments were obtained from the combination between the water-absorbing polymer (0.0; 0.2; 0.6; 1.0, and; 1.2 g dm-3), the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.3; 1.1; 2.7; 4.3, and; 5.0 dS m-1), and irrigation frequencies (daily and alternate), plus two additional treatments (0.75 and 1.30 dm3) to study the effects of the container volume, distributed in a randomized block design. At 55 days after sowing, the following characteristics were evaluated: ratio between stem height and diameter; ratio between shoot and root dry matter; root density; leaf blade area; ratio between total leaf area and root dry mass; specific leaf area; leaf area ratio; leaf mass ratio; and Dickson quality index. The allometric and morphophysiological indices were damaged by the increase of water electrical conductivity and favored by the application of the polymer and a higher irrigation frequency. In the production of papaya seedlings, a daily irrigation frequency must be prioritized, using containers of 0.75 or 1.30 dm-3, water with electrical conductivity up to 2.6 and 1.9 dS m-1 when irrigated daily or in alternate days, respectively, and 0.6 g dm-3 of polymer.

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GAS EXCHANGE, CHLOROPLAST PIGMENTS AND GROWTH OF PASSION FRUIT CULTIVATED WITH SALINE WATER AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION 1

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252020v33n120rc ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 184-194

Author(s):

GEOVANI SOARES DE LIMA ◽

COSMO GUSTAVO JACOME FERNANDES ◽

LAURIANE ALMEIDA DOS ANJOS SOARES ◽

HANS RAJ GHEYI ◽

PEDRO DANTAS FERNANDES

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Co2 Assimilation ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Water Salinity ◽

Chloroplast Pigments ◽

Potassium Fertilization ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Fruit Plants

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange, chloroplast pigments and growth of ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’ passion fruit as a function of irrigation with saline water and potassium fertilization in the seedling formation stage. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in the municipality of Pombal-PB, Brazil. A randomized block design was used in 5 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to five levels of water electrical conductivity - ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1) and two doses of potassium - KD (50 and 100% of the recommendation), with four replicates and two plants per plot. Water salinity from 0.3 dS m-1 reduced the stomatal opening, transpiration, CO2 assimilation and inhibited the growth of ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’ passion fruit plants, at 40 days after sowing. There was no CO2 restriction in the substomatal cavity of passion fruit plants grown under water salinity from 0.3 dS m-1. Potassium dose of 150 mg kg-1 of soil, corresponding to 100%, intensified the effect of salt stress on the assimilation rate and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency in 'BRS Rubi do Cerrado' passion fruit. There was interaction between water salinity levels and potassium doses for the chlorophyll a and b contents of 'BRS Rubi do Cerrado' passion fruit.

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Morphophysiology of Tahiti lime grafted onto Sunki mandarin hybrids under salt stress

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n8p598-606 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 598-606

Author(s):

Luderlândio A. Silva ◽

Marcos E. B. Brito ◽

Pedro D. Fernandes ◽

Francisco V. da S. Sá ◽

Rômulo C. L. Moreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Gas Exchanges ◽

Rangpur Lime ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Irrigation Water Salinity ◽

Electrical Conductivities ◽

One Year

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the growth and physiology of citrus scion/rootstock combinations irrigated with saline water until the pre-flowering stage. The experiment was conducted in drainage lysimeters with capacity for 150 dm3, in randomized block design in a 2 x 10 factorial scheme, corresponding to two electrical conductivities of water (S1 = 0.3 and S2 = 3.0 dS m-1) and ten scion/rootstock combinations (nine hybrids and one commercial variety) grafted with Tahiti lime, in three repetitions and one plant per plot. Grafted seedlings were transplanted one year after sowing, subjected to salt stress from 15 days after transplanting until the pre-flowering period, and evaluated for gas exchanges and growth. The irrigation with 3.0 dS m-1 saline water did not influence the photosynthetic activity of the studied citrus scion/rootstock combinations until the pre-flowering. The genotype Santa Cruz Rangpur lime (LCRSTC) was more sensitive to irrigation water salinity in terms of growth. The least sensitive combinations to salinity were Tahiti lime grafted onto TSKFL x (LCR x TR) - 018, TSKFL x TRBK - 011 and TSKFL x TRBK - 30.

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Effect of saline water irrigation and seed inoculation with rhizobium on nodulation and leghemoglobin content in fenugreek(Trigonella foenum-greacum L.)

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v0iof.11311 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Renu . Kumari ◽

Alka . Singh ◽

S K Sharma ◽

Vibha . Bhardwaj ◽

Narendra . Kumar

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Deleterious Effect ◽

Saline Water ◽

Design Method ◽

Root Nodules ◽

Block Design ◽

Saline Water Irrigation ◽

Seed Inoculation ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Electrical Conductivities

The present study was undertaken to know the effects of salinity on nodulation and leghemoglobin content in two cultivars (NDM-17 and Pusa Kasauri) of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-greacum L.) treated with rhizobium. The pot experiments were conducted following completely randomized block design method. Two sets of pots were maintained with one set treated with rhizobium and other without. The sets were irrigated with saline water of different electrical conductivities (0.2, 3.2, 6.2, 7.2, 10.2, 12.2 and 14.2 dSm-1) created with NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3 and CaCl2 salts. Observations on nodules number, weight and leghemoglobin content were recorded 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing . The nodules growth decreased with increasing levels of salinity. Seeds treated with rhizobium ameliorated the deleterious effect of salinity at all levels besides improving the fertility of soil and growth of root nodules by nitrogen fixation. Present findings revealed that maximum number, weight and leghemoglobin content in cv. NDM-17 was higher as compared to cv. Pusa Kasauri in both treated and non-treated with rhizobium indicating it be the tolerant of the two cultivars.

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Physiological indices and growth of ‘Gigante Amarelo’ passion fruit under salt stress and silicate fertilization

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n12p814-821 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 814-821

Author(s):

Genilson L. Diniz ◽

Reginaldo G. Nobre ◽

Geovani S. de Lima ◽

Leandro de P. Souza ◽

Hans R. Gheyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Co2 Assimilation ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Physiological Indices ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Fruit Plants

ABSTRACT Abiotic stresses are responsible for the loss of agricultural production in different regions, especially in semiarid regions, which have long periods of drought and high evapotranspiration, leading to the use of saline water as an alternative for the expansion of irrigated areas. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the physiological indices and the growth of the ‘Gigante Amarelo’ passion fruit as a function of the salinity of irrigation water and fertilization with silicon. A randomized block design was used in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, whose treatments consisted of five electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw (0.3; 1.0; 1.7, 2.4 and 3.1 dS m-1) associated with two doses of silicion (150 and 300 g of silicon plant-1) with four repetitions. Salt stress causes changes in gas exchange, chlorophyll a and b synthesis and growth of ‘Gigante Amarelo’ passion fruit plants, 60 days after transplanting. Fertilization with silicon dose of 300 g plant-1 promotes increments in CO2 assimilation rate and instantaneous water use efficiency, being able to mitigate the deleterious effects of salinity. Passion fruit plants fertilized with silicon dose of 300 g plant-1 attained greater growth in stem diameter and relative growth rate in stem diameter, from 30 to 60 days after transplanting.

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Effect of Trinexapac-Ethyl, at Two Application Timings, on the Initial Development of Eucalyptus under Water Deficit

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

A.L. BACHA ◽

P.F.R.B. MARTINS ◽

P.L.C.A. ALVES ◽

R.C. PAULA

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Block Design ◽

Co2 Assimilation ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Initial Development ◽

Application Timing ◽

Hormetic Effect ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Net Co2 Assimilation ◽

Positive Effect

ABSTRACT: Eucalyptus plants are sensitive to stress during their initial development, and water deficit is the most important one. Thus, the hormetic effect caused by the application of chemical products may be a factor that allows plants to tolerate such stresses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of trinexapac-ethyl on the initial growth of Eucalyptus urophylla (Clone I-144), under water deficiency, at two application timings (before planting - BP; and after planting - AP). Two experiments were conducted simultaneously in a greenhouse for 74 days after planting (DAP) eucalyptus in 15 L pots. Treatments consisted of three trinexapac-ethyl doses (0.0, 30, and 60 g a.i. ha-1) and two water conditions (with and without water deficit). A complete randomized block design was used, in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, with five replications. At the BP application timing, trinexapac-ethyl was sprayed at 0 DAP, and at the AP timing, at 24 DAP. In both experiments, plant height, diameter, leaf area, dry matter, total relative chlorophyll content and gas-exchange were evaluated. There was a positive effect for the net CO2 assimilation rate at 27 and 40 DAP, for AP and BP, respectively. Eucalyptus plants, without water deficit, presented higher growth, regardless of the application timing. In conclusion, the application of trinexapac-ethyl before planting caused a positive effect on the height and diameter of eucalyptus; and the application timing influenced, in different ways, the evaluated characteristics, not having harmful effects on any of them.

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Gas exchange, growth, and production of mini-watermelon under saline water irrigation and phosphate fertilization

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6supl2p3039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽

pp. 3039-3052

Author(s):

Geovani Soares de Lima ◽

◽

Charles Macedo Félix ◽

Saulo Soares da Silva ◽

Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Co2 Assimilation ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Semi Arid Region

In the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil, due to the occurrence of excess salts, both in the water and soil, plants are constantly exposed to various conditions of abiotic stress. Thus, it is extremely important to identify methods capable of minimizing the effects of salt stress on plants as a way to ensure the expansion of irrigated areas. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange, growth, and production of mini-watermelon irrigated with saline waters and fertilized with phosphorus. The experiment was conducted in pots under greenhouse conditions in Pombal, PB, Brazil, using a randomized block design in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water—ECw (0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3, and 4.3 dS m-1), four phosphorus doses— PD (60, 80, 100, and 120% of the recommendation), and with three replicates. Watermelon plants cv. Sugar Baby were sensitive to water salinity greater than 0.3 dS m-1, with more pronounced inhibition of gas exchange, growth, and production. Reduction in the CO2 assimilation rate of watermelon plants cv. Sugar Baby was associated with factors of stomatal and non-stomatal origin. Phosphorous doses corresponding to 73 and 88% of the recommended values promoted an increase in the intercellular CO2 concentration and stem diameter of mini-watermelon plants. P2O5 doses ranging from 60 to 120% of the recommendation did not mitigate the effects of salt stress on the cultivation of watermelon cv. Sugar Baby.

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Accumulation of cations in lettuce cultivars under low-cost hydroponic system with brackish waters

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n12p833-839 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 833-839

Author(s):

Anna C. R. A. da Silva ◽

Gerônimo F. da Silva ◽

Sirleide M. de Menezes ◽

Ruana Í. F. Cruz ◽

José A. Santos Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Low Cost ◽

Block Design ◽

Green Leaf ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Electrical Conductivities

ABSTRACT The use of brackish water to cultivate lettuce can cause nutritional imbalances, impairing production. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the accumulation of dry matter of the aerial part and macronutrients K, Ca and Mg and their relations with Na in lettuce cultivars grown in a low-cost hydroponic system. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of six electrical conductivities of the nutrient solution (1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 dS m-1) and two lettuce cultivars, Betty [iceberg] and Mimosa [green-leaf]. Regardless of the evaluated cultivar, the increase in the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution reduced the accumulation of dry matter in the aerial part. In both cultivars, the increase in the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution reduced the accumulations of K and Mg and increased Na/K, Na/Ca and Na/Mg ratios. The green-leaf cv. Mimosa showed Ca and Mg accumulations higher than that in the iceberg cv. Betty, regardless of electrical conductivity. The increase in electrical conductivity reduced the accumulation of K, in both cultivars evaluated. The decreasing order in the accumulation of macronutrients and sodium in both cultivars was: K > Na > Ca > Mg.

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Hydrogen peroxide in the acclimation of yellow passion fruit seedlings to salt stress

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n2p116-123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 116-123

Author(s):

André A. R. da Silva ◽

Luana L. de S. A. Veloso ◽

Geovani S. de Lima ◽

Carlos A. V. de Azevedo ◽

Hans R. Gheyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Co2 Assimilation ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Four Levels ◽

Yellow Passion Fruit

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide on the emergence, growth and gas exchange of yellow passion fruit seedlings subjected to salt stress. The experiment was conducted in pots (Citropote®) under greenhouse conditions, in the municipality of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. Treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement, with four levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.7, 1.4, 2.1 and 2.8 dS m-1) associated with four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0, 25, 50 and 75 μM), with four replicates and two plants per plot. Irrigation using water with electrical conductivity above 0.7 dS m-1 negatively affects the emergence and growth of passion fruit. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations between 10 and 30 μM induce the acclimation of passion fruit plants to salt stress, mitigating the deleterious effects of salinity on the relative growth rate in stem diameter and leaf area, stomatal conductance, transpiration, CO2 assimilation rate and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. Irrigation water salinity combined with hydrogen peroxide concentrations above 30 μM causes reduction in passion fruit growth and physiology.

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Growth and yield of colored-fiber cotton grown under salt stress and nitrogen fertilization

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n6p415-420 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 415-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Geovani S. de Lima ◽

Adaan S. Dias ◽

Lauriane A. dos A. Soares ◽

Hans R. Gheyi ◽

Reginaldo G. Nobre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Soil Material ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Irrigation Water Salinity ◽

Electrical Conductivities ◽

N Dose ◽

Sensitive Variable

ABSTRACT This research was conducted in order to evaluate the growth and production of colored-fiber cotton, cv. ‘BRS Rubi’, irrigated with water of different salinities and nitrogen (N) doses. The experiment was carried out in drainage lysimeters filled with soil material from an eutrophic Regolithic Neosol with sandy-loam texture under greenhouse conditions in Campina Grande, PB. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design and the treatments consisted of five levels of irrigation water salinity with the following electrical conductivities - ECw (5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1 and 9.1 dS m-1), combined with five N doses - ND (65; 100; 135; 170; 205 mg of N kg-1 of soil), distributed in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme with three replicates. The growth of the cotton cv. ‘BRS Rubi’ was negatively affected by irrigation with saline water, and the leaf area was the most sensitive variable; the highest production of seed cotton and number of bolls per plant were obtained using water of 5.1 dS m-1 and N dose of 170 mg kg-1.

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