Horizontal Gene Transfer as a Global Mediator of Antimicrobial Resistance

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella in poultry poses a serious human health threat as it has zoonotic importance. Poultry is often linked with outbreaks of Salmonella-associated foodborne illness. Since antimicrobials are heavily used in poultry in Bangladesh, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella is quite frequently found there. MDR Salmonella is challenging to treat with antimicrobials and often causes a severe economic loss in the poultry sector. By horizontal gene transfer and/or evolutionary mutations, antimicrobials primarily exert selection pressure that contributes to antimicrobials resistance. In addition, resistance patterns can vary with variations in time and space. Without having prior knowledge of resistance patterns, no effective drugs could be prescribed. Therefore, it is crucial to have updated knowledge on the status of AMR in Salmonella in Bangladesh for effective treatment and management of the flocks against salmonellosis. There are several review articles on AMR in Salmonella in poultry in Bangladesh; they lack the whole scenario of the country and particularly do not have enough data on the poultry environment. Considering this scenario, in this review, we have focused on AMR in Salmonella in poultry in Bangladesh (2011–2021), with particular emphasis on data from the poultry and farm environments on a divisional zone basis.

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Dissemination of Antimicrobial Resistance in Microbial Ecosystems through Horizontal Gene Transfer

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2016.00173 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 335

Author(s):

Christian J. H. von Wintersdorff ◽

John Penders ◽

Julius M. van Niekerk ◽

Nathan D. Mills ◽

Snehali Majumder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Transfer ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽

Microbial Ecosystems

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- AN INSIGHT INTO HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER TRIGGERING WIDESPREAD ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN BACTERIA

Biotechnology and Bioinformatics ◽

10.1201/b17104-12 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 202-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Gene Transfer ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽

Insight Into

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Antimicrobial resistance: its emergence and transmission

Animal Health Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s146625230800159x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 115-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Patrick Boerlin ◽

Richard J. Reid-Smith

Keyword(s):

Gene Transfer ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽

Dna Sequencing ◽

Large Scale ◽

Mutant Selection ◽

The Past ◽

New Concepts ◽

Selection Window ◽

Integrative Conjugative Elements

AbstractNew concepts have emerged in the past few years that help us to better understand the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). These include, among others, the discovery of the mutator state and the concept of mutant selection window for resistances emerging primarily through mutations in existing genes. Our understanding of horizontal gene transfer has also evolved significantly in the past few years, and important new mechanisms of AMR transfer have been discovered, including, among others, integrative conjugative elements and ISCR(insertionsequences withcommonregions) elements. Simultaneously, large-scale studies have helped us to start comprehending the immense and yet untapped reservoir of both AMR genes and mobile genetic elements present in the environment. Finally, new PCR- and DNA sequencing-based techniques are being developed that will allow us to better understand the epidemiology of classical vectors of AMR genes, such as plasmids, and to monitor them in a more global and systematic way.

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Horizontal gene transfer contributes to virulence and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio harveyi 345 based on complete genome sequence analysis

10.21203/rs.2.13151/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yiqin Deng ◽

Haidong Xu ◽

Youlu Su ◽

Songlin Liu ◽

Liwen Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Gene Transfer ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Complete Genome ◽

Vibrio Harveyi

Abstract Background Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which is affected by environmental pollution and climate change, promotes genetic communication, changing bacterial pathogenicity and drug resistance. However, few studies have been conducted on the effect of HGT on the high pathogenicity and drug resistance of the opportunistic pathogen Vibrio harveyi .Results V. harveyi 345 that was multidrug resistant and infected Epinephelus oanceolutus was isolated from a diseased organism in Shenzhen, Southern China, an important and contaminated aquaculture area. Analysis of the entire genome sequence predicted 5,678 genes including 487 virulence genes contributing to bacterial pathogenesis and 25 antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) contributing to antimicrobial resistance. Five ARGs ( tetm , tetb , qnrs , dfra17 , and sul2 ) and one virulence gene (CU052_28670) on the pAQU-type plasmid p345-185, provided direct evidence for HGT. Comparative genome analysis of 31 V. harveyi strains indicated that 217 genes and 7 gene families, including a class C beta-lactamase gene, a virulence-associated protein D gene, and an OmpA family protein gene were specific to strain V. harveyi 345. These genes could contribute to HGT or be horizontally transferred from other bacteria to enhance the virulence or antibiotic resistance of 345. Mobile genetic elements in 71 genomic islands encoding virulence factors for three type III secretion proteins and 13 type VI secretion system proteins, and two incomplete prophage sequences were detected that could be HGT transfer tools. Evaluation of the complete genome of V. harveyi 345 and comparative genomics indicated genomic exchange, especially exchange of pathogenic genes and drug-resistance genes by HGT contributing to pathogenicity and drug resistance. Climate change and continued environmental deterioration are expected to accelerate the HGT of V. harveyi , increasing its pathogenicity and drug resistance.Conclusion This study provides timely information for further analysis of V. harveyi pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance and developing pollution control measurements for coastal areas.

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Nisin Influence on the Antimicrobial Resistance Ability of Canine Oral Enterococci

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9120890 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 890

Author(s):

Eva Cunha ◽

Rita Janela ◽

Margarida Costa ◽

Luís Tavares ◽

Ana Salomé Veiga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Transfer ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽

Selective Pressure ◽

Vana Gene ◽

Selection Window ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽

Mutant Prevention Concentration ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most common diseases in dogs. Although previous studies have shown the potential of the antimicrobial peptide nisin for PD control, there is no information regarding its influence in the development of antimicrobial resistance or horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Nisin’s mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and selection window (MSW) were determined for a collection of canine oral enterococci. Isolates recovered after the determination of the MPC values were characterized for their antimicrobial profile and its nisin minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. The potential of vanA HGT between Enterococcus faecium CCGU36804 and nine clinical canine staphylococci and enterococci was evaluated. Nisin MPC values ranged from 400 to more than 600 μg/mL. In comparison with the original enterococci collection, the isolates recovered after the determination of the nisin MPC showed increased resistance towards amoxicillin/clavulanate (5%), vancomycin (5%), enrofloxacin (10%), gentamicin (10%) and imipenem (15%). The HGT of vanA gene was not observed. This work showed that nisin selective pressure may induce changes in the bacteria’s antimicrobial resistance profile but does not influence horizontal transfer of vanA gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nisin’s MPC and MSW determination regarding canine enterococci.

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Exploring Antibiotic Susceptibility, Resistome and Mobilome Structure of Planctomycetes from Gemmataceae Family

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13095031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 5031

Author(s):

Anastasia A. Ivanova ◽

Kirill K. Miroshnikov ◽

Igor Y. Oshkin

Keyword(s):

Gene Transfer ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Large Genome ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

The Family ◽

Terrestrial Environments ◽

Environmental Bacteria

The family Gemmataceae accomodates aerobic, chemoorganotrophic planctomycetes with large genome sizes, is mostly distributed in freshwater and terrestrial environments. However, these bacteria have recently also been found in locations relevant to human health. Since the antimicrobial resistance genes (AMR) from environmental resistome have the potential to be transferred to pathogens, it is essential to explore the resistant capabilities of environmental bacteria. In this study, the reconstruction of in silico resistome was performed for all nine available gemmata genomes. Furthermore, the genome of the newly isolated yet-undescribed strain G18 was sequenced and added to all analyses steps. Selected genomes were screened for the presence of mobile genetic elements. The flanking location of mobilizable genomic milieu around the AMR genes was of particular interest since such colocalization may appear to promote the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events. Moreover the antibiotic susceptibility profile of six phylogenetically distinct strains of Gemmataceae planctomycetes was determined.

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Soil Bacteria in Urban Community Gardens Have the Potential to Disseminate Antimicrobial Resistance Through Horizontal Gene Transfer

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.771707 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Abdullah Ibn Mafiz ◽

Yingshu He ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

Yifan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Gene Transfer ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽

Soil Bacteria ◽

Community Gardens ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Urban Community Gardens

Fifteen soil and 45 vegetable samples from Detroit community gardens were analyzed for potential antimicrobial resistance contamination. Soil bacteria were isolated and tested by antimicrobial susceptibility profiling, horizontal gene transfer, and whole-genome sequencing. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing analysis was conducted on collected soil samples to determine the total bacterial composition. Of 226 bacterial isolates recovered, 54 were from soil and 172 from vegetables. A high minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was defined as the MIC greater than or equal to the resistance breakpoint of Escherichia coli for Gram-negative bacteria or Staphylococcus aureus for Gram-positive bacteria. The high MIC was observed in 63.4 and 69.8% of Gram-negative isolates from soil and vegetables, respectively, against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, as well as 97.5 and 82.7% against ampicillin, 97.6 and 90.7% against ceftriaxone, 85.4 and 81.3% against cefoxitin, 65.8 and 70.5% against chloramphenicol, and 80.5 and 59.7% against ciprofloxacin. All Gram-positive bacteria showed a high MIC to gentamicin, kanamycin, and penicillin. Forty of 57 isolates carrying tetM (70.2%) successfully transferred tetracycline resistance to a susceptible recipient via conjugation. Whole-genome sequencing analysis identified a wide array of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), including those encoding AdeIJK, Mex, and SmeDEF efflux pumps, suggesting a high potential of the isolates to become antimicrobial resistant, despite some inconsistency between the gene profile and the resistance phenotype. In conclusion, soil bacteria in urban community gardens can serve as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance with the potential to transfer to clinically important pathogens, resulting in food safety and public health concerns.

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Natural Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Campylobacter spp. From Turkeys and Swine

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.732969 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Vanina Guernier-Cambert ◽

Julian Trachsel ◽

Joel Maki ◽

Jing Qi ◽

Matthew J. Sylte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Transfer ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Genomic Islands ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Horizontal Spread

Antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter constitutes a serious threat to public health. The clonal expansion of resistant strains and/or the horizontal spread of resistance genes to other strains and species can hinder the clinical effectiveness of antibiotics to treat severe campylobacteriosis. Still, gaps exist in our understanding of the risks of acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter. While the in vitro transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes between Campylobacter species via natural transformation has been extensively demonstrated, experimental studies have favored the use of naked DNA to obtain transformants. In this study, we used experimental designs closer to real-world conditions to evaluate the possible transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes between Campylobacter strains of the same or different species (Campylobacter coli or Campylobacter jejuni) and originating from different animal hosts (swine or turkeys). This was evaluated in vitro through co-culture experiments and in vivo with dual-strain inoculation of turkeys, followed by whole genome sequencing of parental and newly emerged strains. In vitro, we observed four independent horizontal gene transfer events leading to the acquisition of resistance to beta-lactams (blaOXA), aminoglycosides [aph(2′′)-If and rpsL] and tetracycline [tet(O)]. Observed events involved the displacement of resistance-associated genes by a mutated version, or the acquisition of genomic islands harboring a resistance determinant by homologous recombination; we did not detect the transfer of resistance-carrying plasmids even though they were present in some strains. In vivo, we recovered a newly emerged strain with dual-resistance pattern and identified the replacement of an existing non-functional tet(O) by a functional tet(O) in the recipient strain. Whole genome comparisons allowed characterization of the events involved in the horizontal spread of resistance genes between Campylobacter following in vitro co-culture and in vivo dual inoculation. Our study also highlights the potential for antimicrobial resistance transfer across Campylobacter species originating from turkeys and swine, which may have implications for farms hosting both species in close proximity.

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