Detection and Comparison of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis by Culture and PCR in Peripheral Blood of Crohnʼs Patients and Normal Controls

Fluctuations of the capillary blood flow in the skin of the hands of cardiac patients were compared with those of normal controls. In normal subjects the peripheral blood flow undergoes spontaneous, rhythmic fluctuations of a period of 30–60 seconds, whose main function is the regulation of the body temperature. These fluctuations were recorded by means of a probe that was sensitive to the effective thermal conductivity of the skin, which is proportional to the blood flow in its capillaries. The essential elements of the probe are two wires (constantan, 0.2 mm) of 1-cm length that are in contact with the skin at a mutual distance of 0.5 cm. One of the wires is heated by alternating current. The temperature difference that therefore develops between these wires is proportional to the thermal conductivity of the skin. It is recorded by means of thermocouples in contact with the wires. It was found that the cardiac patients had, on the average, a substantially lower amplitude of fluctuations than the normal controls. It is assumed that this may be attributed to anatomical changes of the arteriolar walls, which cause increased rigidity. Submitted on August 10, 1959

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Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis infection of calves – The impact of dam infection status

Preventive Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.02.009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 181 ◽

pp. 104634 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Patterson ◽

K. Bond ◽

M. Green ◽

S. van Winden ◽

J. Guitian

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Avium ◽

Infection Status ◽

Mycobacterium Avium Paratuberculosis ◽

The Impact

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Basophil/mast cell precursors in human peripheral blood

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v61.4.775.775 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 775-780 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

JA Denburg ◽

M Richardson ◽

S Telizyn ◽

J Bienenstock

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Blood ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Systemic Mastocytosis ◽

Human Peripheral Blood ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Positive Type ◽

Dense Granules ◽

Normal Controls ◽

Bone Marrow Disorders

Abstract Semisolid (methylcellulose) hemopoietic cultures revealed the presence of histamine-containing granulocyte colonies derived from precursors (CFU-C) present in human peripheral blood. Light microscopy and histochemical studies of cells in individual histamine-containing colonies demonstrated homogeneous populations of metachromatic basophil/mast cells (BMC) at various stages of maturation. By inverted microscopy, pure BMC colonies were more often found to have the overall appearance of the previously described “eosinophil” (type II), rather than “neutrophil-macrophage” (type I), colony type. Histamine-positive colonies constituted 58% (50/86) of all (type I and type II) granulocyte colonies in repeated cultures from a patient with systemic mastocytosis (SM), and 19% (13/67) of colonies in cultures from 8 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML); this was in contrast to 8% (12/153) of colonies in cultures from 4 patients with urticaria pigmentosa (UP) and 6 normal controls (p less than 0.0001). Calculated frequency of BMC CFU-C was approximately 1 per 2 X 10(6) in normal and 1 per 2 X 10(5) nucleated cells in SM peripheral blood. Taking colony size into account, histamine content per cell in histamine-positive type II colonies in SM cultures was 1.1 +/- 0.19 pg, compared to 0.29 +/- 0.08 pg in CML and less than or equal to 0.10 in normals and UP. Electron microscopy (EM) of individual colonies revealed electron-dense granules with ultrastructural features of BMC in histamine-positive, but not histamine-negative, colonies. Use of these methods may help to further clarify the nature of BMC precursors and the regulation of their proliferation in bone marrow disorders and allergic states.

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Defective Bactericidal Activity of Monocytes in Fatal Granulomatous Disease

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v33.6.813.813 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 813-820 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

GLENN E. RODEY ◽

B. H. PARK ◽

DOROTHY B. WINDHORST ◽

ROBERT A. GOOD

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Bactericidal Activity ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Cell Suspensions ◽

Aureus Strain ◽

Granulomatous Disease ◽

Normal Controls

Abstract The bactericidal activity of monocyte-rich cell suspensions obtained from the peripheral blood of patients with fatal granulomatous disease (FGD), their mothers and normal controls was studied. Defective killing of Staphylococcus aureus, Strain 502A, by monocyte-rich cell suspensions from children with FGD was found when compared with monocyte-rich suspensions from normal controls. This defect, less severe, was also observed in the mothers of affected patients. In this selected population of mothers, the monocyte defect varied in parallel with the previously described neutrophil defect.

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The Remission and Relapse Status of Acute Leukemia as Studied by the In Vitro Uptake of Tritiated Thymidine by Peripheral Blood Leukocytes

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v32.2.292.292 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 292-304

Author(s):

THEODORE S. ZIMMERMAN ◽

HERMAN A. GODWIN ◽

MARVIN ZELEN ◽

SEYMOUR PERRY

Keyword(s):

Acute Leukemia ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Normal Population ◽

Tritiated Thymidine ◽

Additional Parameter ◽

Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽

Blood Leukocytes ◽

Normal Controls ◽

In Vitro Uptake

Abstract H3TdR uptake by peripheral blood leukocytes has been measured in patients with acute leukemia and in hematologically normal controls. Patients with acute leukemia in remission and relapse generally had elevated uptakes and formed populations distinct from the normal population and from each other, although overlap of values between each population was present. The measurement of H3TdR uptake may prove useful as an additional parameter for studying acute leukemia.

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Notch-1 Signaling Modulates Macrophage Polarization and Immune Defense against Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis Infection in Inflammatory Diseases

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8071006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 1006 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Esra’a Keewan ◽

Saleh A. Naser

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Notch Signaling ◽

Mycobacterium Avium ◽

Macrophage Polarization ◽

Immune Defense ◽

Notch 1 ◽

Macrophage Response ◽

Mycobacterium Avium Paratuberculosis ◽

Vitro Effect

Despite the extensive research on Notch signaling involvement in inflammation, its specific role in macrophage response in autoimmune disease and defense mechanisms against bacterial infection, such as Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP), remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the molecular role of Notch-1 signaling in the macrophage response during MAP infection. In particular, we measured the in vitro effect of MAP on Notch-1 signaling and downstream influence on interleukin (IL)-6 and myeloid cell leukemia sequence-1 (MCL-1) and consequent cellular apoptosis, MAP viability, and macrophage polarization. Overall, the data show significant upregulation in Notch-1, IL-6, and MCL-1 in MAP-infected macrophages, parallel with a decrease in apoptosis and elevated pro-inflammatory response in these infected cells. On the contrary, blocking Notch signaling with γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT) decreased MAP survival and burden, increased apoptosis, and diminished the pro-inflammatory response. In particular, the treatment of infected macrophages with DAPT shifted macrophage polarization toward M2 anti-inflammatory phenotypic response. The outcome of this study clearly demonstrates the critical role of Notch signaling in macrophage response during infection. We conclude that MAP infection in macrophages activates Notch-1 signaling and downstream influence on IL-6 which hijack MCL-1 dependent inhibition of apoptosis leading to its chronic persistence, and further inflammation. This study supports Notch-1 signaling as a therapeutic target to combat infection in autoimmune diseases such as Crohn’s disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis.

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Different cytokine profiles in peripheral blood and mucosal T lymphocytes of normal controls, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(00)81371-2 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 118 (4) ◽

pp. A1374

Author(s):

Nancy Van Damme ◽

Dominique Baeten ◽

Filip De Keyser ◽

Pieter Demetter ◽

Dirk Elewaut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Crohn’S Disease ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Cytokine Profiles ◽

Normal Controls

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Detection of human papillomavirus mRNA and cervical cancer cells in peripheral blood of cervical cancer patients with metastasis.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.1997.15.3.1008 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 1008-1012 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

C C Pao ◽

J J Hor ◽

F P Yang ◽

C Y Lin ◽

C J Tseng

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Cervical Cancer Cells ◽

Stage Ivb ◽

Blood Specimens ◽

Transforming Gene ◽

Normal Controls ◽

Specific Mrna

PURPOSE To determine the presence of cervical cancer cells in circulating peripheral blood of stage IVb cervical cancer patients with metastasis to distant organs. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cervical cancer tissue from 15 stage IVb cervical cancer patients with metastasis were analyzed for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of transcriptional products of the HPV type 16 E6-transforming gene in the peripheral blood of the same 15 cancer patients was analyzed by reverse transcription and PCR. Cervical tissues and peripheral-blood specimens from 12 normal healthy individuals served as controls. RESULTS Thirteen of 15 (86.7%) cervical cancer tissues from same number of patients were found to contain HPV type 16 DNA. Peripheral-blood specimens from 12 of 13 (92.3%) cervical HPV DNA-positive patients were found to contain HPV-specific mRNA detectable by reverse transcription (RT) and PCR. Cervical tissues from all 12 normal controls were HPV-free. None of the peripheral-blood specimens from two cervical HPV-negative cancer patients and 12 normal controls contained detectable amounts of mRNA of HPV type 16 E6-transforming gene. CONCLUSION The most likely source of the HPV-specific mRNA detected in the peripheral blood of cervical cancer patients with metastasis is the cervical cancer cells derived from or shed from the cervix. The presence of HPV E6 mRNAs in peripheral blood may be a sensitive indicator of circulating cervical cancer cells. If PCR positivity is proven to be able to predict disease progression reliably, these findings may have clinical applications in the treatment of cervical and many other cancers.

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