scholarly journals Development of a 3D Information System for the Old City Centre of Athens

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 170-177
Author(s):  
Nikos Kaskampas ◽  
Kalli Spirou-Sioula ◽  
Charalabos Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Old City ◽  
3D Information ◽  
City Models

The representation of three dimensional city models has been gaining ground increasingly in many scientific fields in the recent years. 3D City Modelling is a scale representation of natural and artificial objects in order to present the spatial data and highlight the social development of the city. Depending on its importance or the purpose of use, an object can be represented in various levels of detail. An increasing tendency to 3D city models is their integration into GIS, which proves to be an effective tool for managing, analyzing and planning in order to make decisions about technical, administrative and financial matters. A combination of digital photogrammetric techniques and laser scanning data contribute greatly to this, since a variety of data, such as aerial, satellite and terrestrial images, point clouds from airborne and terrestrial laser systems, and also a variety of photogrammetric and mobile mapping methods are available. The objective of this paper is the development of a 3D Information System (IS) for the three-dimensional geometric documentation of the buildings owned by the Ministry of Culture in the old city centre of Athens, Greece, named “Plaka”. The area has been inhabited continuously since the prehistoric era, it has a special architectural style and includes a number of unique cultural heritage monuments. The data used for the reconstruction of the 3D model of Plaka consisted of aerial and terrestrial images, while raster, vector and descriptive data were used for the creation of a 2D GIS, which served as the background for the development of the 3D GIS. The latter includes all of the qualitative and quantitative information related to the 3D building models owned by the Ministry of Culture according to users’ needs. Each building in the vicinity of Plaka was depicted in one of the four different levels of detail created for the purpose of the study, according to their ownership status and other criteria. The building models, depicted in the highest level of detail, were owned by the Greek Ministry of Culture whereas the other buildings (of a lower level of detail) were depicted in a more subtractive way. Therefor an integrated IS was developed that combines descriptive information, e.g., use, legal status, images, drawings, etc, with the spatial information and geometric documentation in three dimensions.

scholarly journals Virtual Archaeology of Death and Burial: A Procedure for Integrating 3D Visualization and Analysis in Archaeothanatology

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 540-555
Author(s):  
Hayley L. Mickleburgh ◽  
Liv Nilsson Stutz ◽  
Harry Fokkens
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Archaeology Of Death ◽  
Human Burials ◽  
3D Information

Abstract The reconstruction of past mortuary rituals and practices increasingly incorporates analysis of the taphonomic history of the grave and buried body, using the framework provided by archaeothanatology. Archaeothanatological analysis relies on interpretation of the three-dimensional (3D) relationship of bones within the grave and traditionally depends on elaborate written descriptions and two-dimensional (2D) images of the remains during excavation to capture this spatial information. With the rapid development of inexpensive 3D tools, digital replicas (3D models) are now commonly available to preserve 3D information on human burials during excavation. A procedure developed using a test case to enhance archaeothanatological analysis and improve post-excavation analysis of human burials is described. Beyond preservation of static spatial information, 3D visualization techniques can be used in archaeothanatology to reconstruct the spatial displacement of bones over time, from deposition of the body to excavation of the skeletonized remains. The purpose of the procedure is to produce 3D simulations to visualize and test archaeothanatological hypotheses, thereby augmenting traditional archaeothanatological analysis. We illustrate our approach with the reconstruction of mortuary practices and burial taphonomy of a Bell Beaker burial from the site of Oostwoud-Tuithoorn, West-Frisia, the Netherlands. This case study was selected as the test case because of its relatively complete context information. The test case shows the potential for application of the procedure to older 2D field documentation, even when the amount and detail of documentation is less than ideal.

scholarly journals TOWARDS WIND-SIMULATION OF VIRTUAL 3D CITY MODELS IN A COLLABORATIVE VR ENVIRONMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W15 ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Piepereit ◽  
A. Beuster ◽  
M. von der Gruen ◽  
U. Voß ◽  
M. Pries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Planning Systems ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Wind Simulation ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
City Model ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
City Models

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Virtual reality (VR) technologies are used more and more in product development processes and are upcoming in urban planning systems as well. They help to visualize big amounts of data in self-explanatory way and improve people’s interpretation of results. In this paper we demonstrate the process of visualizing a city model together with wind simulation results in a collaborative VR system. In order to make this kind of visualization possible a considerable amount of preliminary work is necessary: healing and simplification of building models, conversion of these data into an appropriate CAD-format and numerical simulation of wind flow around the buildings. The data obtained from these procedures are visualized in a collaborative VR-System. In our approach CityGML models in the LoD (Level of Detail) 1, 2 and 3 can be used as an input. They are converted into the STEP format, commonly used in CAD for simulation and representation. For this publication we use an exemplary LoD1 model from the district Stöckach-Stuttgart. After preprocessing the model, the results are combined with those of an air flow simulation and afterwards depicted in a VR system with a HTC Vive as well as in a CAVE and a Powerwall. This provides researchers, city planners and technicians with the means to flexibly and interactively exchange simulation results in a virtual environment.</p>

Automatic Transformation of Different Levels of Detail in 3D GIS City Models in CityGML

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yichuan Deng ◽  
Jack C.P. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Small Data ◽  
3D Gis ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Extraction Algorithm ◽  
Building Surfaces ◽  
Tracing Algorithm ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
City Models

3D Geographic Information System (GIS) models are increasingly used for planning and analyses on a city level. Defining 3D GIS city models in different levels of detail (LoD) is often needed to browse and handle large models more efficiently. In this paper, a methodology framework for automatic transformation of different LoDs in CityGML is presented and illustrated. A new exterior shell extraction algorithm was developed from the Ray Tracing algorithm for classifying building surfaces as interior or exterior. A transformation framework among each LoD was developed based on the new exterior shell extraction algorithm. The transformation framework also includes an additional LoD called LoD3.5 that the authors proposed in this paper. The new LoD can satisfy the needs of applications which require information about interior rooms while maintaining a small data storage. The results show that the new exterior shell extraction algorithm can help achieve an automatic derivation of LoDs in CityGML.

scholarly journals The Electronic Spatial Information System – tools for the monitoring of asbestos in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Krówczyńska ◽  
Ewa Wilk ◽  
Bogdan Zagajewski
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
The Eu

Abstract On January 1, 2005 the use of asbestos-containing products was banned in the European Union. According to the Act of 19 June 1997 banning the use of these products, their usage in Poland should be abated by the end of 2032. The whole process is being monitored by the Electronic Spatial Information System for the Monitoring of Asbestos Products Removal. The system design was based on a geodatabase. The research area of the study is the whole territory of Poland at the national, provincial and local level of detail. The monitoring process embraces spatial analysis through the preparation and interpretation of a range of maps. The results obtained from the deployed methods proved that the system has been useful for decision making purposes during the monitoring process. The proposed solutions were appreciated by the EU.

Implementation of Urban 3D Geographic Information System

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 721-724
Author(s):  
Zhao Zhong Gao ◽  
Hai Xia Wei
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
Depth Analysis

With the digital development of city construction, the construction of three-dimensional Geographic Information System plays an important role for the urban construction planning and decision-making. 3D urban planning geographic information management systems need to be able to put different spatial data, information of urban construction, urban planning information into the same platform. The integration of information resources whick provids a variety of spatial information based on the intelligent application services is the core. This article puts urban planning geographic information management related to business needs in-depth analysis, and put forward a three-dimensional geographic information model which is used for integrated management of data and can be dynamically adjusted for urban planning and management of business processes.

scholarly journals Progressive Transmission of 3D Building Models based on String Grammars and Planar Half-Spaces

2014 ◽  
Vol II-2 ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kada
Keyword(s):  
End User ◽  
Transmission Scheme ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Cartographic Generalization ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Range ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
City Models ◽  
Modelling Approach

As there are numerous applications for 3D city models with a wide range of model requirements regarding geometric accuracy and granularity, there is also a high demand for such models at different levels of detail (LOD). And although their reconstruction and cartographic generalization has been widely studied, particularly with regard to 3D building models, their encoding for a progressive storage and transmission is up to now not profoundly explored and sufficiently solved. Most often building models at different LODs are considered as discrete entities that are not related to each other. In this paper we present a progressive encoding and transmission scheme for 3D building models that is easy to understand and implement for the end user as well as flexible and extensible for the model producer. The progressive scheme is based on string grammars and describes a sequence of successive LODs as a dynamic set of production rules. In order to restrict the effects of LOD changes on a local range of the progressive string representation, we use a solid modelling approach based on planar half-spaces to construct 3D buildings. The generation of such progressive string grammars is shown and examples are given.

scholarly journals CITYGML AND THE STREETS OF NEW YORK - A PROPOSAL FOR DETAILED STREET SPACE MODELLING

2017 ◽  
Vol IV-4/W5 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Beil ◽  
T. H. Kolbe
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
3D City Model ◽  
Street Space ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
City Models

Three-dimensional semantic city models are increasingly used for the analysis of large urban areas. Until now the focus has mostly been on buildings. Nonetheless many applications could also benefit from detailed models of public street space for further analysis. However, there are only few guidelines for representing roads within city models. Therefore, related standards dealing with street modelling are examined and discussed. Nearly all street representations are based on linear abstractions. However, there are many use cases that require or would benefit from the detailed geometrical and semantic representation of street space. A variety of potential applications for detailed street space models are presented. Subsequently, based on related standards as well as on user requirements, a concept for a CityGML-compliant representation of street space in multiple levels of detail is developed. In the course of this process, the CityGML Transportation model of the currently valid OGC standard CityGML2.0 is examined to discover possibilities for further developments. Moreover, a number of improvements are presented. Finally, based on open data sources, the proposed concept is implemented within a semantic 3D city model of New York City generating a detailed 3D street space model for the entire city. As a result, 11 thematic classes, such as roadbeds, sidewalks or traffic islands are generated and enriched with a large number of thematic attributes.

scholarly journals Method for 3D City Building Continuous Transformation Based on an Improved LOD Topological Data Structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Siyi Li ◽  
Wenjing Li ◽  
Zhiyong Lin ◽  
Shengjie Yi
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Continuous Transformation ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
3D City Model ◽  
Building Models ◽  
City Model ◽  
Lod Models ◽  
Topological Data Structure ◽  
City Models

A 3D city model is an intuitive tool that is used to describe cities. Currently, level-of-detail (LOD) technology is used to meet different visual demands for 3D city models by weighting the rendering efficiency against the details of the model. However, when the visual demands change, the “popping” phenomenon appears when making transformations between different LOD models. We optimized this popping phenomenon by improving the data structure that focuses on 3D city building models and combined it with the facet shift algorithm based on minimal features. Unlike generating finite LOD models in advance, the proposed continuous LOD topology data structure is able to store the changes between different LOD models. By reasonably using the change information, continuous LOD transformation becomes possible. The experimental results showed that the continuous LOD transformation based on the proposed data structure worked well, and the improved data structure also performed well in memory occupation.

Automatic Transformation of Different Levels of Detail in 3D GIS City Models in CityGML

2019 ◽  
pp. 1350-1370
Author(s):  
Yichuan Deng ◽  
Jack C.P. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Small Data ◽  
3D Gis ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Extraction Algorithm ◽  
Building Surfaces ◽  
Tracing Algorithm ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
City Models

3D Geographic Information System (GIS) models are increasingly used for planning and analyses on a city level. Defining 3D GIS city models in different levels of detail (LoD) is often needed to browse and handle large models more efficiently. In this paper, a methodology framework for automatic transformation of different LoDs in CityGML is presented and illustrated. A new exterior shell extraction algorithm was developed from the Ray Tracing algorithm for classifying building surfaces as interior or exterior. A transformation framework among each LoD was developed based on the new exterior shell extraction algorithm. The transformation framework also includes an additional LoD called LoD3.5 that the authors proposed in this paper. The new LoD can satisfy the needs of applications which require information about interior rooms while maintaining a small data storage. The results show that the new exterior shell extraction algorithm can help achieve an automatic derivation of LoDs in CityGML.

scholarly journals OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAMMETRY SUPPORTING 3D URBAN RECONSTRUCTION OF COMPLEX SCENARIOS

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-1/W1 ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Toschi ◽  
M. M. Ramos ◽  
E. Nocerino ◽  
F. Menna ◽  
F. Remondino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Space Management ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Building Models ◽  
City Centres ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
City Models

Accurate 3D city models represent an important source of geospatial information to support various “smart city” applications, such as space management, energy assessment, 3D cartography, noise and pollution mapping as well as disaster management. Even though remarkable progress has been made in recent years, there are still many open issues, especially when it comes to the 3D modelling of complex urban scenarios like historical and densely-built city centres featuring narrow streets and non-conventional building shapes. Most approaches introduce strong building priors/constraints on symmetry and roof typology that penalize urban environments having high variations of roof shapes. Furthermore, although oblique photogrammetry is rapidly maturing, the use of slanted views for façade reconstruction is not completely included in the reconstruction pipeline of state-of-the-art software. This paper aims to investigate state-of-the-art methods for 3D building modelling in complex urban scenarios with the support of oblique airborne images. A reconstruction approach based on roof primitives fitting is tested. Oblique imagery is then exploited to support the manual editing of the generated building models. At the same time, mobile mapping data are collected at cm resolution and then integrated with the aerial ones. All approaches are tested on the historical city centre of Bergamo (Italy).

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