Funny Girls

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Ann Abate
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Gender ◽  
National Attitudes

Funny Girls: Guffaws, Guts, and Gender in Classic American Comics is the first full-length critical study to examine the important cadre of young female protagonists that permeated US newspapers strips and comics books during the first half of the twentieth century.Many of the earliest, most successful, and most influential titles from this era featured elementary-aged girls as their central characters, such as Little Orphan Annie, Nancy, and Little Lulu. Far from embodying a now-forgotten facet of twentieth century print culture, these figures remain icons ofUS popular and material culture. Recognizing the cadre of Funny Girls who played such a significant role in the popular appeal and commercial success of American comics during the first half of the twentieth century challenges longstanding perceptions about the gender dynamics operating during this era.In addition, they provide information about a wide range of socio-political issues, including the popular perceptions about children, mainstream representations of girlhood, and changing national attitudes regarding youth and youth culture.Finally, but just as importantly, strips like Little Lulu, Little Orphan Annie, and Nancy also shed light on another major phenomenon within comics:branding, licensing, and merchandising. In discussing these are other issues, Funny Girls gives much needed attention to an influential, but long neglected, aspect of comics history in the United States.

Inca Aesthetics and Scholarly Inquiry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Herring
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Art History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
Scholarly Inquiry ◽  
Andean Culture

This chapter discusses the interpretive challenges that art historians and anthropologists have faced in approaching Inca intellectual and artistic achievements, which do not fit comfortably in Western categories. George Kubler took up the question of Inca art in the mid-twentieth century, creating a space in art history for studying the Incas. This development occurred at a time when archaeologists such as John Rowe worked to place the Incas within the broader context of Andean civilizations, and structuralists like Tom Zuidema were beginning to challenge historical narratives in search of underlying elements of Andean culture. The scholarly interest in Inca art, material culture, and intellect was but one aspect of the Inca focus of that time, as artists found inspiration in Inca ruins and museum galleries in the United States, and other countries began to exhibit Inca artifacts as an art to be approached on its own terms.

More Than Victims or Villains

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-53
Author(s):  
Alina R. Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Mexican Migrants ◽  
Wide Range

This essay examines newspaper articles published in California’s Imperial Valley during the mid-twentieth century that reported stories of braceros (guest workers) and undocumented workers suffering accidents, engaging in intra-ethnic violence, falling prey to criminals, and drinking excessively. These news articles, which often cast Mexican migrants as (potentially) criminal, racialized braceros and their undocumented counterparts as outsiders and undeserving. Collectively, these news articles demonstrate that Mexican migrants experienced what Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Philippe Bourgois describe as a violence “continuum” that connects structural, everyday, and symbolic violence in overlapping and intersecting ways. The alcohol abuse and interpersonal violence so common among braceros and undocumented migrants cannot be separated from the structural and symbolic violence that these men confronted in the Imperial Valley. Migrant workers’ structural vulnerability—which placed them in harm’s way while they worked, during times of leisure, or along the migration route—was the cause, but also a byproduct, of the antisocial behavior that some men adopted to cope with their exploitation. Though scholars have long considered the conditions that I here categorize under structural, everyday, and symbolic violence, I argue that by employing the concept of a continuum of violence we can better account for the wide range of experiences that braceros and undocumented migrants encountered in the United States in the mid-twentieth century.

American Folk Art and Crafts

2019 ◽  
pp. 395-424
Author(s):  
C. Kurt Dewhurst ◽  
Marsha MacDowell
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Folk Art ◽  
Expressive Culture ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
Gender And Health ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Aesthetic Characteristics

This chapter addresses the wide range of folk art and crafts related to the study of those who make, use, and find meaning in the handmade object in America. The definitions of folk, popular, visionary, outsider, and fine arts have long been challenged and reassessed by scholarly and public communities, communities that sometimes but not always overlap. Debates have raged over the boundaries between art and craft, the viability of the handmade traditional object in the digital, postmodern age, and the discernible distinctive aesthetic characteristics of this body of American expressive culture. This chapter presents a flexible, interdisciplinary perspective on defining folk art and craft in America. It also offers avenues for folk art and craft scholarship such as relationships of aging, human rights, migration, sexuality and gender, and health to the study of folk artists and their communities, and encourages building on the legacy of material culture scholarship from the collections and research of museums and governmental agencies in addition to higher education institutions.

Standard Bearers: Material Culture and Middle-Class Communities at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Moskowitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business History ◽  
Department Stores ◽  
Marketing Department ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries

A generation of historians, working at the intersection of business history and cultural history, has examined the consumer culture that flourished in the United States in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In studies of advertising, marketing, department stores, credit systems, and other aspects of selling and buying, these scholars have shown that American businesses not only produced consumer goods but also created consumer desire.

DEVELOPMENT OF A CHINESE VERSION OF THE ZUCKERMAN-KUHLMAN PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRE: RELIABILITIES AND GENDER/AGE EFFECTS

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi -Xiao Wu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Wu -Ying Du ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Xiao-Fe n g Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
And Gender

A five-factor model of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) was tried in a Chinese speaking area. Three hundred and thirty-three healthy subjects (217 women and 116 men) with a wide range of occupations attended this study and were divided into 5 age ranges. They were free of depression and answered with low dissimulation in ZKPQ. The principal component analysis detected 16 factors with eigenvalues larger than 1.5, the first 5 of which accounted for 21.0% of the variance. The five-factor solution analysis was, therefore, performed. The alpha internal reliabilities of the five personality scales ranged from 0.61 to 0.81. Sixty-one out of 89 items loaded larger than, or equal to, 0.3 on target factors. Scale scores were comparable to those reported in the United States, and the intercorrelations between five personality scales were lower. Gender and education level had little effect on the personality measures; the Impulsive Sensation Seeking declined with age only from 20 years on, in women. This study demonstrates the validity of the ZKPQ in Chinese culture.

scholarly journals Graphic Reminders: Confronting Colonialism in Canada through Betty: The Helen Betty Osborne Story

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Raven Lovering
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Graphic Novel ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Historical Figure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Indigenous Voice ◽  
And Gender

David Alexander Robertson’s 2015 graphic novel Betty: The Helen Betty Osborne Story connects non-Indigenous Canadians to the racial realities of Canada’s intentionally forgotten past. Robertson translates Helen Betty Osborne’s biography into the accessible format of the graphic novel which allows for a wide range of readers to connect present day racial injustices to the past, generating new understandings surrounding violence against Indigenous peoples in Canada. Helen Betty Osborne, a young female Cree student was abducted and murdered in 1971, targeted for her race and gender. The horrors Betty experienced reveal the connection between her story and the contemporary narrative of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women in Canada. Betty: The Helen Betty Osborne Story deconstructs Betty’s life from the violence she is subjected to, personifying a historical figure. The graphic novel allows for a visual collision of past and present to express the cycle of colonial violence in Canada ignored by non-Indigenous Canadians despite its continued socio-economic and political impact on Indigenous peoples. As an Indigenous author, Robertson preserves the integrity of Indigenous voice and revives an integral gendered and racialized historical perspective that is necessary to teach. This close reading of Betty: The Helen Betty Osborne Story explores how Robertson uses the graphic novel to revive history and in doing so, demonstrates connections between past and present patterns of racial injustice against Indigenous women in Canada today. 

Queer and Trans* of Color Critique, Decolonization, and Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omi Salas-SantaCruz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indigenous Studies ◽  
Queer Of Color Critique ◽  
Trans People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Rich ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Political Commitments ◽  
Decolonial Feminism

The increase of transgender visibility and politics correlates with a renowned interest in gender equity in schools. The diversity of trans* and gender-expansive social identities, along with divergent conceptualizations of the meaning transing/trans*ing, ontology, identity, and embodiment, produces a wide range of ideal and pragmatic approaches to gender equity and justice in education. Fields and analytical frameworks that emerge from Decolonial Feminism, Queer Indigenous Studies, Queer of Color Critique in education, Jotería studies, and transgender studies in the United States have unique definitions, political commitments, and epistemological articulations to the meaning and purpose of transing/trans*ing. These divergent articulations of trans*ing often make projects of transgender equity and justice incommensurable to each other, or they converge at the various scalar aspects of equity design and implementation. By historicizing, or re-membering the rich body of decolonial modes of trans*ing bodies, knowledge, and selves, trans* of color critique in education research makes trans* justice possible by disrupting white-centric approaches to transgender inclusion that may fall short in the conceptualization of trans* justice and what makes a trans* livable life for queer and trans people of color.

Longitudinal Analysis of Age- and Gender-Specific Migration Patterns in England and Wales

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-503
Author(s):  
Ian Gregory
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Historical Gis ◽  
Net Migration ◽  
Social Science History ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
And Gender

Many geographers have argued for the need to incorporate change over time into their analyses (see, for example, Haggett 1965; Hägerstrand 1970; Thrift 1977;Marsh et al. 1988); however, changes to administrative boundaries often mean that demographic statistics collected at two different dates cannot be directly compared. This has made it very difficult to study longitudinal change without resorting to undesirable levels of aggregation, typically to county level in Britain or state level in the United States. This article describes a technique that makes significant advances toward eliminating this problem: a researcher using this technique can compare statistics by standardizing all relevant data on a single set of administrative units. My article builds on the work of the Great Britain Historical GIS Project (Gregory and Southall 1998) and uses net migration as an example.The geographical information system (GIS) is not yet complete, so the article focuses on the methodological issues. These issues could be applied to a wide range of problems in historical geography. More broadly, it is hoped that the article will give some idea of the potential for using GIS to analyze spatially referenced data in the context of social science history.

Hosea 4—14 in Twentieth-Century Scholarship

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-375
Author(s):  
Brad E. Kelle
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Prophetic Literature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Book Of The Twelve ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Twentieth-century scholarship on Hosea has addressed a wide range of interpretive questions that often reflect the common approaches to the prophetic literature in general, yet an inordinate amount of attention has been paid to the marriage and family imagery in Hosea 1—3. In recent years, scholars have corrected this tendency, exploring ways that texts throughout Hosea 4—14 offer insights into long-standing critical issues. Rather than exhibiting a movement in which newer methodological perspectives have replaced older traditional approaches, all of the established, modern scholarly pursuits remain prominent in the current study of Hosea 4—14. Scholars are now reformulating the traditional questions, however, from new angles largely generated by interdisciplinary influences. These influences have also given rise to previously unexplored lines of inquiry, such as synchronic, literary, and theological readings, Book of the Twelve studies, and metaphor theory. Studies using metaphor theory with an eye toward religious, political, socio-economic, and gender considerations seem likely to occupy the central place in Hosea scholarship in the immediate future.

Southern Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Schoeman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
And Gender

Excavations of Southern African farming community sites have yielded two figurine types. The first comprises coarse clay figurines found in clusters in central areas in homesteads. These clusters contained anthropomorphic and animal figurines that resemble material culture used in twentieth-century southernmost African initiation schools. The second figurine type, associated with domestic areas, is finer and included toys and stylized human figurines. The stylized human figurines resemble historical figures that embodied ideas about male ownership over the female body, procreative powers, and spirit. The decorations on the stylized female figurines resemble body scarification that might have been used to express personhood. This chapter suggests that the production and use of these clay figurines were enmeshed in ideas about sex and gender, and that figurines materialized ideas, in both ceremonial and domestic contexts, about the adult body as sexed and gendered.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document