scholarly journals Association of polymorphism rs7903146 gene TCF7L2 with low concentrations of autoantibodies in latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iuliia V. Silko ◽  
Tatiana V. Nikonova ◽  
Olga N. Ivanova ◽  
Svetlana M. Stepanova ◽  
Marina V. Shestakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Polymorphic Marker ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Tcf7l2 Gene ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Aim. To determine the frequencies of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic marker rs7903146 of the TCF7L2 gene in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and healthy individuals. The aims of the study were also to compare the distribution of alleles and genotypes and to explore the association with the development of LADA.Materials and methods. A total of 96 patients (46 females and 50 males) with LADA and 201 healthy individuals were examined. A quantitative determination of autoantibodies GADA, ICA, IA-2A and ZnT8 in the serum of LADA patients was performed. All patients underwent genotyping of rs7903146 of the TCF7L2 genes.Results. There was an increased frequency of the T allele and genotype T+ of marker rs7903146 of the TCF7L2 gene in patients with LADA with low concentrations of autoantibodies compared to a group of patients with high concentrations and with controls. We observed significant associations of the T allele and genotype T+ with LADA in patients with low concentrations of autoantibodies [p = 0.02; odds ratio (OR) = 1.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–3.13 and p = 0.04; OR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.01–4.53 for the T allele and genotype T+, respectively).Conclusion. The results of the study suggest that LADA patients with low concentrations of autoantibodies have a genetically pre-determined similarity with patients with type 2 diabetes.

Type 1 Diabetes-related Autoantibodies in Different Forms of Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Childhood Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Childhood Type

Autoantibodies against Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma antigen-2 (IA- 2A), insulin (IAA) and the most recently Zinc Transporter 8 (ZnT8A) are one of the most reliable biomarkers for autoimmune diabetes in both children and adults. They are today the only biomarkers that can distinguish Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) from phenotypically type 2 diabetes. As the frequency of autoantibodies at diagnosis in childhood type 1 diabetes depends on age, GADA is by far the most common in adult onset autoimmune diabetes, especially LADA. Being multiple autoantibody positive have also shown to be more common in childhood diabetes compared to adult onset diabetes, and multiple autoantibody positivity have a high predictive value of childhood type 1 diabetes. Autoantibodies have shown inconsistent results to predict diabetes in adults. Levels of autoantibodies are reported to cause heterogeneity in LADA. Reports indicate that individuals with high levels of autoantibodies have a more type 1 diabetes like phenotype and individuals with low levels of autoantibody positivity have a more type 2 diabetes like phenotype. It is also well known that autoantibody levels can fluctuate and transient autoantibody positivity in adult onset autoimmune diabetes have been reported to affect the phenotype.

A form of Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Named LADA – An Update on Essential Features and Controversies

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdemar Grill ◽  
Bjørn O. Åsvold
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Classical Type ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in the Adult, LADA has been investigated less than “classical” type 1 and type 2 diabetes and the criteria for and the relevance of a LADA diagnosis has been challenged. Despite the absence of a genetic background that is exclusive to LADA, this form of diabetes displays phenotypic characteristics that distinguish it from other forms of diabetes. LADA is heterogeneous in terms of the impact of autoimmunity and lifestyle factors, something that poses problems as to therapy and follow-up perhaps particularly in those with marginal positivity. Yet, there appears to be clear clinical utility in classifying individuals as LADA.

scholarly journals The Double Face of Ketamine—The Possibility of Its Identification in Blood and Beverages

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Magdalena Świądro ◽  
Paweł Stelmaszczyk ◽  
Irena Lenart ◽  
Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny
Keyword(s):  
Date Rape ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Heroin Addiction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Rosé Wine ◽  
Tof Ms

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a high-sensitivity methodology for identifying one of the most used drugs—ketamine. Ketamine is used medicinally to treat depression, alcoholism, and heroin addiction. Moreover, ketamine is the main ingredient used in so-called “date-rape” pills (DRP). This study presents a novel methodology for the simultaneous determination of ketamine based on the Dried Blood Spot (DBS) method, in combination with capillary electrophoresis coupled with a mass spectrometer (CE-TOF-MS). Then, 6-mm circles were punched out from DBS collected on Whatman DMPK-C paper and extracted using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The assay was linear in the range of 25–300 ng/mL. Values of limits of detection (LOD = 6.0 ng/mL) and quantification (LOQ = 19.8 ng/mL) were determined based on the signal to noise ratio. Intra-day precision at each determined concentration level was in the range of 6.1–11.1%, and inter-day between 7.9–13.1%. The obtained precision was under 15.0% (for medium and high concentrations) and lower than 20.0% (for low concentrations), which are in accordance with acceptance criteria. Therefore, the DBS/MAE/CE-TOF-MS method was successfully checked for analysis of ketamine in matrices other than blood, i.e., rose wine and orange juice. Moreover, it is possible to identify ketamine in the presence of flunitrazepam, which is the other most popular ingredient used in DRP. Based on this information, the selectivity of the proposed methodology for identifying ketamine in the presence of other components of rape pills was checked.

scholarly journals Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults With Low-Titer GAD Antibodies: Similar Disease Progression With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingjiao Liu ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Yufei Xiang ◽  
Gan Huang ◽  
Jian Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Gad Antibodies ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Similar Disease

CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF VERIFICATION OF LATENT AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES IN ADULTS AT EARLY STAGES OF DISEASE MANIFESTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1707-1712
Author(s):  
Tetiana М. Tykhonova ◽  
Igor V. Belozоrov ◽  
Nadiya Ye. Barabash ◽  
Larysa O. Martymianova
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Immunological Examination ◽  
High Level

The aim: To establish diagnostic markers of LADA at the stage of manifestation based on the analysis of clinical and anamnestic data, the results of immunological examination of patients with different types of DM. Materials and methods: Study included 121 patients with LADA (1st (main) group), 60 patients with type 1 DM (2nd group), 81 patients with type 2 DM (3d group). The examination included analysis of complaints, medical history, determination of anthropometric data, studies of the level of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD ab), cytoplasmic antigen (ICA ab), tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2 ab). Results: Criteria of LADA diagnosis included slow nature of DM course, the average age of the disease onset (45,02±9,96) years, combination of diabetic complaints with gradual weight loss, frequent detection of DM (64,46%) on request, fairly high level of glycemia at diagnosis ((14,12±4,57) mmol/l)), the possibility of ketonuria episodes in a certain amount (23,14%) of cases in the absence of acute ketoacidotic states. The presence of excess body weight and even obesity is not a criterion for excluding LADA. Conclusions: To verify the diagnosis of LADA it is necessary to study of at least two types of antibodies. The most conclusive is the determination of GAD ab and IA-2 ab.

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