scholarly journals Epiphysis: current data on physiology and pathology

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Semicheva ◽  
A. Yu. Garibashvili

Today the pineal gland is one of the most “titled” endocrine glands, but interest in it has not diminished, but continues to increase. A Melatonin Club has been organized and operates, and Jounal of Pineal Research, Advances in Pineal Research, and European Pineal Society News are published. The rapid development of chronobiology led to the elimination of the leading role of the pineal gland and its hormone melatonin in the implementation of circadian, seasonal and annual rhythms of the most diverse functional systems of the body [1]. Despite this, the amount of modern literature in Russian, devoted not to some particular issues, but to the pineal gland and its pathology as a whole, is very limited.


1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
V. N. Anisimov

Despite the rapid progress of endocrinology in the last quarter of the 20th century, it should be noted that no other gland of internal secretion, to the extent that the pineal gland, is honored to be "titular" in the scientific community or scientific journal. Indeed, the European Society for the Study of the Pituitary Gland has been actively working for many years, the Melatonin Club was founded, the Journal of Pineal Research, Advances in Pineal Research, and the European Pineal Society News are published, and international conferences and symposiums are held annually in the last decade. dedicated to the pineal gland and melatonin. The rapid development of chronobiology led to the establishment of the leading role of the pineal gland and its main hormone melatonin in the implementation of the circadian, seasonal and annual rhythms of many functional systems of the body. The monograph under review, written by the famous English researcher of the pineal gland, Josephine Arendt, is a unique publication in which one author has systematized and critically analyzed the vast amount of factual material accumulated to date on the physiological effects and mechanisms of action of melatonin. The book consists of 9 chapters, unequal both in volume and in terms of circle and the importance of the issues addressed in them. The very brief chapter 1 summarizes the history of the study of the pineal gland and the discovery of melatonin and its functions in the body. Unfortunately, there was no place in it to mention such important events as the first description of the morphological picture of the hypofunction of the pineal gland (B.P. Kucherenko, 1941), the pioneering study of A.M. Khelimsky, who in 1953 first came to conclusion about age-related involution of the pineal gland.



2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1732) ◽  
pp. 1287-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roi Holzman ◽  
David C. Collar ◽  
Samantha A. Price ◽  
C. Darrin Hulsey ◽  
Robert C. Thomson ◽  
...  

Morphological diversification does not proceed evenly across the organism. Some body parts tend to evolve at higher rates than others, and these rate biases are often attributed to sexual and natural selection or to genetic constraints. We hypothesized that variation in the rates of morphological evolution among body parts could also be related to the performance consequences of the functional systems that make up the body. Specifically, we tested the widely held expectation that the rate of evolution for a trait is negatively correlated with the strength of biomechanical trade-offs to which it is exposed. We quantified the magnitude of trade-offs acting on the morphological components of three feeding-related functional systems in four radiations of teleost fishes. After accounting for differences in the rates of morphological evolution between radiations, we found that traits that contribute more to performance trade-offs tend to evolve more rapidly, contrary to the prediction. While ecological and genetic factors are known to have strong effects on rates of phenotypic evolution, this study highlights the role of the biomechanical architecture of functional systems in biasing the rates and direction of trait evolution.



Author(s):  
Ya.O. Yemchenko ◽  
K.Ye. Ishcheikin ◽  
I.P. Kaidashev

Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic recurrent systemic autoimmune multifactorial diseases, affected the skin, joints, internal organs and systems of the body. Despite the significant prevalence of psoriasis and a large number of studies devoted this problem there is still no single view on the pathogenesis of this dermatosis. To clear up the pathogenesis of psoriasis, it seems to be reasonable to focus on the common comorbidities or multimorbidities, which may occur in the course of psoriasis, as this issue is still insufficiently studied. Recent reports have proven the evidences of indisputable link between psoriasis and obesity. The scientific literature extensively covers the issues of identical pathogenetic mechanisms of inflammatory processes in psoriasis and obesity. Given the current data on the role of systemic inflammation underlying the development of both psoriasis and obesity, the study of molecular mechanisms of its development and in particularly the role of proinflammatory nuclear transcription factors, thiazolidinediones have been found out as pathogenetically justified medicine of choice for the therapy of these diseases. In this study, we determined the effectiveness of using 30 mg of pioglitazone daily for 6 months in the course of treatment for patients with extensive psoriasis vulgaris of moderate severity, who were also diagnosed as having concomitant grade І-ІІ alimentary obesity that was supported by clinical and immunological findings evidenced of systemic inflammation. Analyzing the results obtained, we have found out the prolonged therapy with pioglitazone leads to a decrease in systemic inflammation and contributes to a milder recurrent course of psoriasis.



2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
L. N. Eliseeva ◽  
S. V. Kartashova

Among the most common diseases of humanity in patients of the older age group, there is an articular pathology with degenerative changes in the hyaline cartilage, which significantly limits the functional activity of the locomotor apparatus. The rapid development of experimental scientific research in recent decades has made it possible to revise the concept of the pathogenesis of this process with confirmation of the leading role of inflammation in the development of functional and structural damage in this disease. These new data supported the change in the name of the disease from “osteoarthros” to “osteoarthritis” and justified the positive effects of individual drugs. The proposed lecture material discloses the topic of the modern understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and the additional benefits of using drugs from the diacerein group due to their anti‑inflammatory and chondroprotective effect.



2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Lobov

Accomplishments in the identifcation of lymphatic endothelial cells and the ability to differentiate them from the endothelial cells of blood vessels have contributed to progress in recent decades in studying the role of the lymphatic system in the body. Preclinical and clinical studies of the last decade have shown that changes in the lymphatic vascular network are observed in almost all lung diseases. At the same time, it remains unclear whether the lymphatic vessels and lung nodes are being part of the overall process of lung remodeling or they make a defnite contribution to the pathogenesis of diseases of the respiratory system. This review presents current data on the morphology and physiology of lymphatic vessels and nodes, their role in the regulation of interstitial fluid homeostasis, lipid transportation and immune responses as well as describes the mechanisms of regulation of the transport function of lymphatic vessels. Data on the role of the lymphatic system of the lungs in the exchange of fluid in the interstitial space of the lungs are presented in the review. The results of studies of the last two decades on the formation and reabsorption of pleural fluid and the role of various lymphatic networks in regulating its volume are described. Finally, modern ideas on the mechanisms of pulmonary edema are outlined and important questions of the lymphatic biology of the respiratory system are identifed, still remaining unanswered today.



Author(s):  
L. D. Tondiy ◽  
O. L. Tondiy ◽  
I. V. Kas ◽  
O. V. Zemlyanaya ◽  
E. L. Zakrevskaya ◽  
...  

<p>The data on polarized light (PS) - a new promising treatment, rehabilitation and prevention, which took its deserved place among the known therapeutic physical factors and may even compete with laser radiation of low and LED therapy.</p><p>It is reflected the significant contribution of domestic scientists in the study of aircraft action on the body, its introduction in the treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of grippe, ARI. These action's mechanisms of the aircraft on the electro-physiological processes in the body that have the leading role in the regulation of its life.</p><p>The new moment in the study of aircraft on the body is the evidence of its positive impact on the mechanisms of self body - its different units: the disease's banning - a revitalization of the stress-protective, stress-limiting system antioxidial, detoxification and other protection systems, the formation by the body antiviral and antimicrobial specific substances (interferon and lysozyme), activation of the immune system, phagocytosis, protective functions of skin.</p><p>The protective and mobilizing role of the second link is studied: which is triggered in case of occurrence of disease or preexisting diseases: PL mobilized processes of restitution, reparations, compensation, immunity and microcirculation.</p><p>The authors studied the possibility of aircraft's using to enhance performance, reduce side effects of physical factors, which are often used in the treatment (electric methods, treatment by sound, fresh and mineral water, etc.).</p>



Author(s):  
А.А. Артеменков

Цель исследования. Анализ факторов риска и патогенетических механизмов развития дезадаптивных расстройств (ДР) у человека в процессе обучения. Методика. В работе использованы общенаучные методы теоретического познания: абстрагирование, анализ и синтез, аналогия, индукция и дедукция, мысленное моделирование. Результаты. Показано, что пограничные расстройства адаптации имеют бифункциональную природу и характеризуются бессимптомным течением. Установлена роль социогенных факторов среды в возникновении ДР. Акцентируется, что ДР часто формируются в процессе обучения под воздействием неблагоприятных факторов среды и образа жизни. Рассмотрена роль этиологических факторов риска в развитии ДР, обсуждаются особенности течения психосоматических расстройств у студентов, их психофизиологический статус и особенности проявления у них дезадаптации. Детально анализируются современные представления об организации ДР при различных вариантах приспособления организма человека к условиям учебной среды. Обсуждается влияние типологии на уровень адаптации (дезадаптации) организма и системная организация психических функций. Показано ведущее значение в патогенезе ДР активации лимбико-ретикулярных образований, дисфункции срединно-стволовых структур мозга и дезинтеграции корково-подкорковых взаимоотношений. Заключение. Сделан вывод, что понимание механизмов развития ДР позволяет применять различные методы профилактики ДР. Обсуждаются некоторые немедикоментозные и фармакологические средства коррекции ДР и санаторная реабилитация обучающихся. Установление истинных механизмов развития дезадаптивных расстройств обеспечит решение многих вопросов патофизиологии интегративной деятельности мозга. Это в свою очередь позволит найти пути нормализации психосоматических нарушений, применять более эффективные методы медико-психологической помощи населению. Aim. Based of published reports to analyze risk factors for development of disadaptive disorders (DD) and to elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms of DD development during education for their timely prevention and correction. Methods. In this study, general scientific methods of theoretical knowledge were used, such as abstraction, analysis and synthesis, analogy, induction and deduction, and mental modeling. Results. This review examined the literature on development of DD in people during training. We presented evidence that borderline disorders of adaptation are bifunctional and characterized by an asymptomatic course. The role of sociogenic, environmental factors in the occurrence of DD was established. Emphasis was placed on the fact that DD often develop in the process of learning under the influence of adverse environmental factors and lifestyle. Opinions on the role of etiologic risk factors in the development of DD were presented. Features of psychosomatic disorders, psychophysiological status, and manifestations of maladaptation in students were discussed. Current ideas about the DD organization and different types of body adaptation to the conditions of educational environment were analyzed in detail. The author focused on the effect of typology on the level of adaptation (maladaptation) in the body and the systemic organization of mental functions. Activation of limbic-reticular formations, dysfunction of mid-brain stem structures, and disintegration of cortical-subcortical relationships were shown to play a leading role in the pathogenesis of DD. Conclusion. A detailed understanding of DD mechanisms allows to use different methods for prevention of DD. Some non-drug and pharmacological methods for DD correction and sanatorium rehabilitation of students were discussed in this review. Identifying true mechanisms for development of maladaptive disorders will provide a solution of many issues in pathophysiology of brain integrative activity. This, in turn, will help finding ways to correct psychosomatic disorders and to use more effective methods in medical and psychological care.



Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1329
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Anton ◽  
Bogdan Doroftei ◽  
Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie ◽  
Roxana-Elena Ciuntu ◽  
Camelia Margareta Bogdănici ◽  
...  

Pregnancy is a condition often characterized by changes that occur in different parts of the body. Generally, the eyes suffer several changes during pregnancy that are usually transient but may become permanent at times. This may occur due to the release of placental hormones and those of maternal endocrine glands and fetal adrenal glands. Due to hormonal influences, physiological ocular changes during pregnancy have been shown in Caucasian women, so corneal sensitivity, refractive status, intraocular pressure, and visual acuity may change during pregnancy. Within this review, all studies that referred to physiological aspects and to changes of ocular pathology of pregnancy, the effect of the pregnancy on pre-existing (diabetic retinopathy, neuro-ophthalmic disorders) eye disorders, postpartum ocular changes, the intraocular pressure and the effect of hypotensive ophthalmic medicine during pregnancy, the connection between pregnancy and the neuro-ophthalmic pathology, as well as the role of anesthesia were analyzed.



2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Dang Wenqiang

At present, prefabricated buildings are in a period of rapid development in my country, and ordinary colleges and universities are also in a stage of rapid development striving for world-class. Infrastructure construction is a strong guarantee for the development of universities, and the scale of construction is increasing every year. Taking advantage of the leading role of universities in the application of cutting-edge technology, researching the promotion of prefabricated buildings in basic construction projects in universities not only conforms to the development concept of green campuses, but also promotes the wide application of prefabricated buildings, which has a strong demonstration effect.



2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Ya.O. Yemchenko ◽  
K.Ye. Ishcheikin ◽  
I.P. Kaidashev

Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic recurrent systemic autoimmune multifactorial diseases, in which the skin, joints, internal organs and systems of the body are involved in the pathological process. Despite the significant prevalence of psoriasis and a large number of studies on this problem, there is still no single view on the pathogenesis of this dermatosis. To objectively understand the pathogenesis of psoriasis, it is necessary to take into account the insufficiently studied comorbidity of this pathology. Recently, an indisputable link between psoriasis and obesity has been proven. The scientific literature widely covers the issue of identical pathogenetic mechanisms of inflammatory processes in psoriasis and obesity. Given the current data on the role of systemic inflammation underlying the development of both psoriasis and obesity, the study of molecular mechanisms of its development and taking into account the role of proinflammatory nuclear transcription factors, thiazolidinediones are the pathogenetically justified drugs of choice for treatment of these diseases. In this study, we determined the effectiveness of using 15 mg of pioglitazone once a day for 6 months in the treatment of patients with extensive psoriasis vulgaris of moderate severity and concomitant grade І-ІІ alimentary obesity by clinical and immunological examination of systemic inflammation. Analyzing the results of the study, it was found that long-term use of pioglitazone, even in small doses, led to a decrease in systemic inflammation and contributed to a milder course of psoriasis in recurrence of the disease.



Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document