scholarly journals Streptozocin-induced Alzheimer’s disease as an independent risk factor for the development of hyperglycemia in Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-361
Author(s):  
Alla V. Stavrovskaya ◽  
Dmitry N. Voronkov ◽  
Ekaterina A. Shestakova ◽  
Anastasiya S. Gushchina ◽  
Artyom S. Olshansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
The Brain ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

BACKGROUND: In recent years the theme of the relationship of Alzheimers disease (AD) and metabolic disorders has been widely discussed. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether AD is a direct cause of carbohydrate metabolism disorders or it is the presence of classical risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2), primarily obesity, that significantly increases the risk of AD. AIM: To evaluate the separate contribution of two factors to the development of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism: (1) weight gain due to a high-calorie diet and (2) experimental-induced AD. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were injected with streptozocin (STZ) in the lateral ventricles of the brain to induce AD or saline (sham operated animals - SO) during stereotactic operations. After 2 weeks, the animals were divided into four groups: 1) the SO group, which was assigned to the normal calorie (NCD) diet (SO NCD); 2) the SO group, which was assigned to the high-calorie diet (SO HCD); 3) the group to which the norm-calorie diet was prescribed after the administration of STZ into the lateral ventricles of the brain (STZ NCD); 4) the group to which the HCD was assigned after the administration of STZ (STZ HCD). The animals were on a diet for 3 months. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests were carried out before the diet and after 3 months. At the end of the study, a morphological assessment of brain tissue, pancreas, and liver was performed. RESULTS: 3 months after surgical interventions and the appointment of diets, the glycemic curves significantly differed in the 4 studied groups: normoglycemia persisted only in the SO + NCD group, while HCD and the STZ administration were accompanied by the development of hyperglycemia (p = 0.0001). The STZ + NСD group, which represented the isolated effect of AD, was also characterized by impaired carbohydrate metabolism. A morphological study showed that HCD leads to a more pronounced ectopic accumulation of fat in the liver and pancreas tissue than NCD. The administration of STZ, regardless of the diet, led to changes typical for the AD model an increase in the size of the ventricles of the brain, degeneration of white matter, and the accumulation of -amyloid in the hypothalamus. CONCLUSIONS: The STZ-induced brain damage typical for AD led to impaired carbohydrate metabolism regardless of diet and was an independent risk factor for hyperglycemia.

Comparative effects of intragastric Lys-Arg-Аrg-Lys-Pro-Gly-Pro peptides, warfarin, and acetylsalicylic acid on hemostasis indexes and blood glucose in development of metabolic syndrome in rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Л.А. Ляпина ◽  
Н.Ф. Мясоедов ◽  
Т.А. Шубина ◽  
Л.А. Андреева ◽  
Т.Ю. Оберган ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Time Test ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

Введение. Препараты разной структуры - углеводной, пептидной, белковой оказывают значительный противосвертывающий эффект в кровотоке с одновременным улучшением углеводного обмена. Цель - изучение в сравнительном аспекте влияния препаратов разной структуры (пептида, производного диоксикумарина и ацетилсалициловой кислоты -АСК) на свертывание крови, изменение углеводного обмена при интрагастральном способе их введении крысам. Методика. Использовались стандартные коагулологические методы и способы определения уровня глюкозы крови крыс. Каждый из препаратов (пептид Lys-Arg-Arg-Lys-Pro-Gly-Pro, варфарин и АСК) вводили лабораторным крысам Wistar интрагастрально в эффективной дозе (100 мкг/кг - пептид и варфарин и 1 мг/кг - АСК) в течение 7 сут на фоне развития метаболического синдрома, индуцируемого высококалорийной диетой (ВКД). Определения производили через 20 и 168 ч после последнего введения препаратов при продолжающемся постоянном кормлении крыс ВКД. Результаты. Установлено, что как через 20 ч, так и через 168 ч после последнего введения пептида и АСК агрегация тромбоцитов имела тенденцию к снижению и составляла 72-76% (через 20 ч) и 81-66,7% (через 168 ч); фибринолиз статистически значимо повышался при действии пептида на 61-180%, АСК - на 15-41%, варфарина - на 14-34%; активированное частичное тромбопластиновое время значимо удлинялось под влиянием пептида и варфарина на 24-52 и 31-52% соответственно; свертывание крови по тесту протромбинового времени снижалось только под влиянием варфарина (на 12.3%); уровень глюкозы крови нормализовался под влиянием всех использованых препаратов и составлял 4,9-6,5 ммоль/л против 8.1-8.8 ммоль/л при метаболическом синдроме. Заключение. При сравнении действия пептида, варфарина и АСК установлены гипокоагуляционные и гипогликемические эффекты в разной степени. Максимальным антикоагулянтным и фибринолитическим действием обладал пептид; варфарин проявлял антикоагулянтное действие только по тесту протромбиновое время, ацетилсалициловая кислота обладала антитромбоцитарным и фибриндеполимеризационным действием. Drugs with different structure, carbohydrates, peptides, and proteins, can produce a significant anticoagulation effect and simultaneously improve carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of this study was to compare effects of drugs with different structure, a peptide, a dioxicoumarin derivative, and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), on coagulation and changes of carbohydrate metabolism in intragastric administration to rats. Methods. Standard methods for studying coagulation and measuring blood glucose in rats were used. Each of the study drugs (Lys-Arg-Arg-Lys-Pro-Gly-Pro peptide, warfarin, and ASA) was administered to Wistar rats intragastrically at an effective dose (100 mcg/kg for the peptide and warfarin and 1 mg/kg for ASA) for 7 days during the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by a high-calorie diet (HCD). Measurements were performed at 20 and 168 h after the last administration of the drugs with continuing HCD. Results. Both at 20 and 168 h after the last administration of the peptide and ASA, platelet aggregation showed a tendency to a decrease and was 72-76% (at 20 h) and 81-66.7% (at 168 h); fibrinolysis significantly increased under the action of the peptide, ASA, and warfarin by 61-180%, 15-41%, and 14-34%, respectively. Activated partial thromboplastin time significantly increased under the action of the peptide and warfarin by 24-52% and 31-52%, respectively; blood clotting as estimated in the prothrombin time test decreased only under the action of warfarin by 12.3%; blood glucose returned to a normal level under the action of each of the three study drugs and was 4.9-6.5 mmol/l vs. 8.1-8.8 mmol/l in MS. Conclusion. The peptide, warfarin, and ASA produced different degrees of the anticoagulation and hypoglycemic effects. The peptide had the strongest anticoagulation and fibrinolytic effects, warfarin produced an anticoagulant effect only according to the prothrombin time test, and acetylsalicylic acid exerted both antiplatelet and fibrin-depolymerizing effects.

scholarly journals Levels of dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and their metabolites in the striatum of rats of various strains receiving a high-calorie diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Apryatin ◽  
Evgenia Efimova ◽  
Zoya Fesenko ◽  
Antonina Shumakova ◽  
Ivan Gmoshinski
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

The aim of this work was to study the effect of a high fat and carbohydrate diet (HFCD) and quercetin supplementation on the levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites in Wistar, DA transporter knockout (DAT-KO) and obese Zucker fa/fa rats. Animals received a control diet or HFCD for 62 days. Wistar and Zucker fa/fa rats received quercetin. The contents of DA, 5-HT, norepinephrine (NE), dioxyphenyl acetate (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindolyl acetate (5-HIIA) in the striatum were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). DAT-KO homozygotes had lowered DA and increased HVA and DOPAC compared to Wistar rats. HFCD did not affect the content of NE and 5-HT. 5-HT was increased in DAT-KO homozygotes compared with Wistar receiving a control diet. 5-HIIA accumulated in larger amounts in DAT-KO compared to Wistar with the exception of those receiving quercetin with a control diet. Quercetin did not affect the levels of DA, 5-HT and their metabolites.

scholarly journals Research on mechanism of the effect of charred hawthorn on digestive by SCF /c-kit pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian He ◽  
Cui Liu ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Jingying Sun ◽  
Xia Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
The Brain ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

Abstract Background Hawthorn is the dry ripe fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge in rose family which is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for High-calorie-diet-induced dyspepsia (HC-DID). This study aimed to investigate whether the charred hawthorn coupled with its odor could alleviate HC-DID by brain-gut interaction and stem cell factor(SCF) /c-kit pathway. Methods Rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: control group, model group, cisapride group, hawthorn group (HT), charred hawthorn group (CHT), odor of charred hawthorn (OCHT), CHT + OCHT group. HC-DID rat model was established by high calorie diet for 10 days, hawthorn decoction was administered by gavage, and the self-developed solid drug odor delivery device was used for odor administration. The body weight, food intake, gastrointestinal motility, gastric fluid and gastric acid flow index were determined. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of rats. Electrophysiology was used to evaluate the effect of hawthorn combined with its charred odor therapy on electroencephalogram and Electrogastrogram. The SCF and c-kit levels or expressions by immunohistochemistry(IHC), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results We found that the odor of charred hawthorn (OCHT) affects the brain (central nervous system) of rats, and hawthorn decoction (raw hawthorn and charred hawthorn) coupled with the odor of charred hawthorn alleviated the symptoms of diet-induced dyspepsia in rats by modulating SCF/c-Kit pathway. Conclusion Thus, we concluded that odor of charred hawthorn has therapeutic effect on dyspepsia and hawthorn may alleviate dyspepsia related symptoms by affecting SCF/c-Kit signal pathway.

The evaluation of lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of proteins in blood serum under obesity development and the consumption of aqueous kidney beans Phaseolus vulgaris pods extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Alona Yurchenko ◽  
Daryna Krenytska ◽  
Olexii Savchuk ◽  
Tetiana Halenova ◽  
Natalia Raksha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Oxidative Modification Of Proteins ◽  
Kidney Beans ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

AbstractOur interest has focused on the investigation of the anti-obese potential of kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pods extract. In the course of the study, obesity development in rats was induced with high-calorie diet. Control and obese rats then have consumed with aqueous kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pods extract during 6 weeks (200 mg/kg). Results show that the long-term consumption of P. vulgaris pods extract can lead to the reduction of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance development. Furthermore, we saw a normalization of lipid peroxidation parameters and oxidative modification of protein due to the consumption of the kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pods extract. Our experimental data demonstrate the ability of the kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pod extracts to mitigate obesity development but the details of this mechanism remains to be not fully understood.

A high calorie diet causes memory loss, metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress into hippocampus and temporal cortex of rats

Synapse ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 421-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Treviño ◽  
Patrícia Aguilar-Alonso ◽  
Jose Angel Flores Hernandez ◽  
Eduardo Brambila ◽  
Jorge Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

scholarly journals A 5-Day High-Fat, High-Calorie Diet Impairs Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy, Young South Asian Men but Not in Caucasian Men

Diabetes ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. H. Bakker ◽  
L. D. van Schinkel ◽  
B. Guigas ◽  
T. C. M. Streefland ◽  
J. T. Jonker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
South Asian ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Asian Men ◽  
Caucasian Men ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

scholarly journals Heterozygous Hfe gene deletion leads to impaired glucose homeostasis, but not liver injury in mice fed a high-calorie diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. e12837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Britton ◽  
Lesley Jaskowski ◽  
Kim Bridle ◽  
Nishreen Santrampurwala ◽  
Janske Reiling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Gene Deletion ◽  
Hfe Gene ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie
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