Wastewater from swine farming in the growth and nutrition of  Khaya senegalensis (DESR.) A Juss seedlings

This study evaluated the use of wastewater from swine farming in the growth and nutritional balance of Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. (African mahogany) seedlings. The experiment was setup in a shade house on the Professor Cinobelina Elvas Campus of the Federal University of Piauí, in Bom Jesus, in the State of Piauí, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomised, with five concentrations of swine farm wastewater (SFW) (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) added to the irrigation water. The growth and nutritional balance of the seedlings were evaluated 100 days after sowing, by measuring shoot height (H), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves (NL), total chlorophyll (TC), leaf area (LA), shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW), and by calculating the total dry weight (TDW), leaf (LBA), stem (SBA), and root (RBA) biomass allocation, Dickson Quality Index (DQI) and average Nutritional Balance Index (NBIm). It was found that K. senegalensis seedlings responded to the SFW, showing the best results for growth and nutritional balance at concentrations of around 50%.

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Response of Sophora secundiflora to Nitrogen Form and Rate

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.46.9.1303 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

pp. 1303-1307 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Genhua Niu ◽

Denise Rodriguez ◽

Mengmeng Gu

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Nitrogen Form ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Ratio ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Root To Shoot Ratio ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Mountain Laurel

Texas mountain laurel (Sophora secundiflora) is a native shrub tolerating drought, heat, windy conditions, and alkaline or wet soils. However, its availability is somewhat low and little information is available on nutrient requirement and other culture information. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to quantify the responses of Texas mountain laurel to different forms and rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer. In Expt. 1, 1-year old seedlings were treated for 194 days with three NO3:NH4 ratios at 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 and two rates of N at 100 and 200 mg·L−1 in a factorial design. There was no interaction between the N rate and form on any growth parameters. Nitrogen form did not significantly affect shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root–to-shoot ratio, or the total dry weight. There was no significant difference between N rate of 100 and 200 mg·L−1 on root dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, or the total dry weight. The shoot dry weight of Texas mountain laurel fertilized with 100 mg·L−1 was higher compared with that of the plants fertilized at 200 mg·L−1. The reduced shoot dry weight at N of 200 mg·L−1 was the result of the higher substrate salinity. In Expt. 2, seedlings were fertilized with five N rates (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg·L−1) for 203 days. Plants watered with 150, 200, and 250 mg·L−1 were taller than those fertilized with 50 mg·L−1. The shoot height of plants watered with 100 mg·L−1 was only significantly different from 50 mg·L−1. For rapid growth of Texas mountain laurel, a N rate range of ≈150 mg·L−1 was recommended supplied with a combination of NO3-N and NH4-N in the ratios of 0.3 to 3.0.

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Controlled-Release Fertiliser and Substrates on Seedling Growth and Quality in Agonandra brasiliensis in Roraima

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v8i3.16363 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 70 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aline das Graças Souza ◽

Oscar José Smiderle ◽

Raiovane Araújo Montenegro ◽

Thiago Komuro Moriyama ◽

Thiago Jardelino Dias

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

High Standard ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Organic Substrate ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Slow Development ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Total Dry Weight

The aim of this study was to verify the effect of different substrates, in the presence and absence of controlled-release fertiliser, on the growth and morphological quality of seedlings of Agonandra brasiliensis Miers ex Benth. & Hook.f., in the state of Roraima, Brazil. The experimental design was a 2 * 5 factorial scheme, with and without the addition of 1.0 g L-1 NPK 18-05-09 formulation controlled-release encapsulated fertiliser (Forth CoteR) and five substrates. The following were evaluated: shoot height (H), collar diameter (CD), increase in shoot length (IncH) and collar diameter (IncCD), shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), total dry weight (TDW) and Dickson quality index (DQI). The use of NPK 18-05-09 formulation controlled-release fertiliser (Forth CoteR) in a medium-sand substrate is recommended for obtaining plants of Agonandra brasiliensis of greater robustness, balance of biomass distribution, and a high standard of quality. In the substrate composed of soil from the cerrado + carbonised rice husks - CRH + organic substrate (2:1:1), the addition of NPK 18-05-09 formulation Forth CoteR is not necessary to obtain Agonandra brasiliensis plants of good morphological quality. Substrate 3, composed of soil + CRH (3:1), with or without the addition of NPK 18-05-09 formulation Forth CoteR, is not recommended for producing plants of Agonandra brasiliensis, due to the slow development and reduced morphological quality of the plants.

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Adaptation Selection of Plants for Utilization in Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated by Crude Oil

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences ◽

10.4308/hjb.27.1.45 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Fadliah Salim ◽

Yadi Setiadi ◽

Didy Sopandie ◽

Mohamad Yani

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Plant Height ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Root Length ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Ratio ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Total Dry Weight

The research on adaptation selection for utilization in phytoremediation of soil contaminated by crude oil using four type plants, such as Helianthus annuus, Paspalum conjugatum, Sorghum bicolor, and Tagetes erecta were conducted. The adaptability of four types of plants on crude oil contaminated soil at total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) level at 0, 3, and 6% were observed and evaluated to their morphological and anatomical responses. Parameters observed were vegetative growth of plants including growth precentage, plant height, number of leaves, root length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root/shoot ratio, total dry weight, and stomatal density for 9 weeks cultivation in screen house. The results show that increasing in TPH level caused in significant reductions on morphological of four plants, such as percentage of plant growth, plant height, number of leaves, root length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and total dry weight. In contrast, the increasing in TPH level caused to increasing in root/shoot ratio. The four types of plants studied were effective to be used as plants for phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soil. The plants of P. conjugatum and S. bicolor are recommended as phytoremediators for further studies.

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Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Shoot Structure as Affected by Soybean (Glycine max) Interference

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500057611 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 75-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James E. Smith ◽

Peter W. Jordan

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Main Stem ◽

Relative Time ◽

Leaf Production ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Early Season ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves

Shoot growth and morphology of sicklepod responded to distance of sicklepod from the soybean row and relative time of emergence of crop and weed. Sicklepod was added to soybean as either uniform stands of 26 individuals m−2or as widely spaced individuals. Sicklepod shoot height, number of main-stem nodes, number of primary branches, and shoot dry weight were decreased at 12 wk after emergence when plants were situated closer to a soybean row. Sicklepod that emerged 7 d later than soybean were shorter statured and had fewer main-stem nodes. Virtually all sicklepod overtopped the soybean, but proximity to the soybean row or later emergence reduced shoot dry weight up to 60%. A doubling in branches originating at lower main-stem nodes on sicklepod 25 cm from the row, compared to those in the row (upper branch numbers were unchanged), was associated with a 67% increase in leaves. Sixty to 90% of lower branches reached the upper canopy and thus contributed to the number of leaves above the soybean. Early-season effects of soybean interference on sicklepod reduced lower branches and, as a consequence, leaf production above the soybean late in the season, when sicklepod has the greatest impact on soybean yield.

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Agronomic performance of lettuce subjected to green manure with different leguminous species

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n2p114-118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 114-118

Author(s):

José J. A. Sarmento ◽

José J. F. dos Santos ◽

Caciana C. Costa ◽

Marinês P. Bomfim

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Leguminous Species ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT Green manure is the practice of cultivation and incorporation of plants to the soil, mainly leguminous species, produced or not in situ, for the purpose of preserving and/or restoring soil organic matter and soil nutrients. To compare the effects of incorporating leguminous species in the pre-planting green manure on lettuce production, seven treatments were tested: mineral fertilization; crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea); cowpea (Vigna unguiculata); common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); lablab bean (Dolichos lablab); pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and spontaneous plants. The treatments were arranged in the randomized blocks, with five repetitions. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the CCTA/UFCG, in the period from April to December 2016. At 30 days after transplanting, the following variables were analyzed: number of leaves, head diameter, shoot height, root volume, fresh weight of shoots and roots, dry weight of shoots and roots, total fresh weight of shoots and roots, total dry weight of shoots and roots and yield. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and, when significant, Tukey test at 0.05 probability level was applied to compare the means. The results showed that, among the leguminous species, the use of lablab bean led to greater development and yield of lettuce.

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Oldfield Cinquefoil (Potentilla simplex) Control in Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x0002813x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 297-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nanik Sriyani ◽

Herbert J. Hopen ◽

Larry K. Binning

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Soil Condition ◽

Field Studies ◽

Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽

Warm Climate ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Soil Saturation ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽

Total Dry Weight

Greenhouse and field herbicide evaluation, flooding, and soil saturation studies were conducted to investigate the control of oldfield cinquefoil in cranberry. Chlorimuron ethyl and dichlobenil were found to be promising herbicides for control of this weed in both greenhouse and field studies. The number of leaves, leaf area, shoot, root, and total dry weight of oldfield cinquefoil were reduced by dichlobenil at 1.1 to 4.5 kg ha-1 and chlorimuron ethyl at 17.5 to 35 g ha-1, at 12 wk after treatment. The higher rate of dichlobenil, however, caused reduction in cranberry height and total dry weight. Field treatment at time of cinquefoil emergence did not provide adequate weed control. Postemergence application to cinquefoil of 4.5 kg ha-1 dichlobenil, 35 g ha-1 chlorimuron ethyl, and 2.2 to 4.5 kg-1 ha terbacil reduced the number of leaves and shoot dry weight. Only terbacil at 4.5 kg ha-1 reduced cranberry shoot and fruit fresh and dry weight. Flooding for up to 72 h did not affect oldfield cinquefoil growth. At 22/18 C, 4 wk of soil saturation reduced runner development and fresh and dry weight of oldfield cinquefoil. At 13/9 C, no runners developed in either saturated or control soils, and there was no effect of soil saturation on fresh and dry weights. This suggests that oldfield cinquefoil grows better in an unsaturated soil condition, but needs a relatively warm climate to develop.

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AVOCADO SEEDLINGS MULTIPLE STEMS PRODUCTION

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452016221 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MARCUS VINICIUS SANDOVAL PAIXÃO ◽

JOSÉ CARLOS LOPES ◽

EDILSON ROMAIS SCHMILDT ◽

RODRIGO SOBREIRA ALEXANDRE ◽

CAROLINE MERLO MENEGHELLI

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Federal Institute ◽

Multiple Stems

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the potential of multi-stems in avocado seeds according to their mass as well as the adventitious rooting of multi-stem budding with or without the use of auxin. The research was carried out at the Vegetation House of Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Campus Santa Teresa -ES, with seeds of different masses: <60 g, 61 to 80 g, 81 to 100 g and >100 g, in which each experimental unit was made of five seeds, distributed within five repetitions, under a completely randomized design. The seeds were put to germinate and the percentage number of emergence and multiple stems were evaluated. After 150 days, the following evaluations were carried out: survival of rooted cuttings; number of leaves; stem diameter; root length; root volume; root and shoot fresh mass; root and shoot dry mass; shoot height; absolute growth and shoot growth rate; shoot dry weight/root dry mass ratio; shoot height/stem diameter ratio; shoot height/root length and Dickson's quality index ratio. Avocado seeds with mass over 100 g and between 81-100 g presented higher percentage of multiple stems. Rods over 20 cm that were not treated with IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) resulted on avocado plants of better quality. The use of IBA (2000 mg L-1) does not affect the rooting and growth of avocado's multi-stem plants.

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Reproducibility of suppression of Pythium wilt of cucumber by compost

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.41471 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 236-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mauritz Vilhelm Vestberg ◽

Sanna Kukkonen ◽

Päivi Parikka ◽

Dan Yu ◽

Martin Romantschuk

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Bacterial Diseases ◽

Sphagnum Peat ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Suppressive Capacity ◽

The Difference ◽

Set Up

There is increasing global interest in using compost to suppress soil-borne fungal and bacterial diseases and nematodes. We studied the reproducibility of compost suppressive capacity (SC) against Pythium wilt of cucumber using nine composts produced by the same composting plant in 2008 and 2009. A bioassay was set up in a greenhouse using cucumber inoculated with two strains of Pythium. The composts were used as 20% mixtures (v:v) of a basic steam-sterilized light Sphagnum peat and sand (3:1, v:v). Shoot height was measured weekly during the 5-week experiment. At harvest, the SC was calculated as the % difference in shoot dry weight (DW) between non-inoculated and inoculated cucumbers. The SC was not affected by year of production (2008 or 2009), indicating reproducibility of SC when the raw materials and the composting method are not changed. Differences in shoot height were not as pronounced as those for shoot DW. The results were encouraging, but further studies are still needed for producing compost with guaranteed suppressiveness properties.

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MODIFICAÇÕES NO MEIO DE CULTURA, FOTOPERÍODO E TEMPO DE CULTIVO AFETAM O ALONGAMENTO E ENRAIZAMENTO IN VITRO DE BANANEIRA CV. PACOVAN

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i1.4731 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Marcos Vinícius Marques Pinheiro ◽

Ana Cristina Portugal Pinto De Carvalho ◽

Fabrina Bolzan Martins

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Culture Media ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Salt Mixture ◽

Musa Spp ◽

Fresh Biomass ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves

No intuito de elevar as taxas de sobrevivência durante a etapa de aclimatização e posterior plantio a campo, avaliou-se o enraizamento in vitro de bananeira cv. Pacovan, em diferentes concentrações de sais MS e de sacarose. Utilizou-se DIC, esquema fatorial (6x2x3), com seis meios de cultura [sendo três concentrações de nutrientes do meio MS (100%; 50% de macronutrientes; e 50% dos sais macro e micronutrientes), e duas concentrações de sacarose (1,5/3,0%)], dois fotoperíodos (12/16 h) e três tempos de cultivo (21, 28 ou 35 dias) e seis repetições/tratamento. Analisaram-se: altura da planta, número de folhas/planta, massas frescas e secas das partes aérea e radicular. Para altura da planta, massa fresca da parte aérea e radicular, o meio MS 50% dos sais + sacarose (1,5%) com fotoperíodo de 16 h e tempo de cultivo de 35 dias foi satisfatório. Para massa seca da parte aérea foi MS 50% de sais + sacarose (3%), e para massa seca da parte radicular, MS 100% + sacarose (3%) (em 12hs/28 dias e 16hs/21 dias). Para o alongamento/enraizamento in vitro da bananeira cv. Pacovan sugere-se MS 50% de sais (macro e micronutrientes), redução ou manutenção de sacarose (1,5 ou 3%) em 16h/35 dias de cultivo.Palavra-chave: Musa spp., propagação in vitro, sistema radicular. CHANGES IN CULTURE MEDIUM, PHOTOPERIOD AND TIME OF CULTIVATION AFFECT THE IN VITRO ELONGATION AND ROOTING OF BANANA CV. PACOVAN ABSTRACT:In order to achieve high rates of survival during the acclimatization and later planting in the field, was evaluated the in vitro of banana cv. Pacovan plants under different concentrations of sucrose and MS basal salt mixture. The experiment was assembled in a DIC, in 6x2x3, six different culture media [three different MS salt mixture concentrations (100%; 50% of macronutrients; and 50% of macro/micronutrients) and two sucrose concentrations (1.5/3%)], two photoperiods (12/16 hours) and three cultivation times (21, 28 or 35 days). Each treatment was composed by 6 replicates. Plant height, number of leaves/plant, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, were analyzed. Satisfactory results for plant height and shoot and root fresh biomass were observed in MS with macro/micronutrients (50%) + sucrose (3%), 16 hours/35 days. The highest values of shoot dry weight were observed in MS with macro/micronutrients (50%) + sucrose (3%); the highest root dry weight was achieved with MS 100% + sucrose (3%) (12hs/28 and 16hs/21 days). The suggested medium for the in vitro elongation and rooting stage of banana cv. Pacovan is the MS with 50% of salts (macro and micronutrients), reduction or maintenance of sucrose (1.5 or 3%) in 16h/35 days of cultivation.Keywords: Musa spp., in vitro propagation, root system. DOI:

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Growth of mango (Mangifera indica L.) rootstocks as influenced by pre-sowing treatments

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v9i1.1234 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 582-586

Author(s):

R. J. Patel ◽

T. R. Ahlawat ◽

A. I. Patel ◽

J. J. Amarcholi ◽

B. B. Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Root Length ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Survival Percentage ◽

Total Dry Weight

An experiment was carried out at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during 2014 to evaluate the effect of pre-sowing treatments on survival percentage and growth of mango rootstocks. Mango stones were soaked in aqueous solutions of GA3 (100 and 200 ppm), Beejamruth (2 % and 3 %) and Thiourea (1 % and 2 %) for 12 and 24 hours. The trial was evaluated in Completely Randomized Design based on factorial concept and the treatments were replicated thrice. Imposition of treatments led to significant differences at 5 % level of significance for all parameters chosen in this study. Mango stones when treated with Thiourea at 1 % had the maximum shoot length (49.93 cm), root length (34.38 cm), shoot dry weight (21.08 g) and total dry weight (26.36 g). The highest number of lateral roots (10.90) and survival percentage (64.17) was observed in mango stones dipped in 100 ppm GA3. Between the two soaking duration, soaking mango stones for 24 hours recorded higher values for shoot length (45.03 cm), root length (32.79 cm), number of lateral roots (9.83), survival percentage (62.72), shoot root fresh weight ratio (4.30), shoot dry weight (21.33 g), total dry weight (26.28 g) and shoot root dry weight ratio (4.32). Thus, survival percentage and growth of mango rootstocks can be substantially improved by soaking mango stones in aqueous solutions of 100 ppm GA3 or Thiourea at 1 % for 24 hours before sowing.

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