scholarly journals Pest potencial of Sitophilus zeamais on Brazil nut under storage conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evaldo Martins Pires ◽  
Roberta Martins Nogueira ◽  
Rodrigo Sinaid Zandonadi ◽  
Robert Lee Koch ◽  
Marcus Alvarenga Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Bertholletia Excelsa ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Brazil Nuts ◽  
Grain Stores

The Brazil nut, fruit of Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K., a native plant of the Amazon region and may be considered one of the main extractivist products of countries like Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil. In Brazil this plant can be found in the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima and Tocantins. Species of the Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, have been classified as pest potentials of Brazil nut under storage conditions. Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the main insect pests attacking grain stores worldwide. This specie may be observed attacking grains in the field and in storage facilities (cross-infestation), presenting a wide variety of hosts. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of adults of this species feed on Brazil nuts, and also to identify the type of injury as well as the life span of this coleopteran exposed to the meat of the Brazil nut. No feeding injury was observed on the surface of Brazil nuts and the life span of the insects was similar in treatments both with and without this food source in all populations evaluated. Due to the fact that S. zeamais adults do not injure, or feed on the Brazil nut, this beetle is not able to colonize this product and therefore may be considered a non-pest insect for stored Bertholletia excelsa almonds stored.

Seed dispersal of the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa) by scatter-hoarding rodents in a central Amazonian forest

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne M. Tuck Haugaasen ◽  
Torbjørn Haugaasen ◽  
Carlos A. Peres ◽  
Rogerio Gribel ◽  
Per Wegge
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Scatter Hoarding ◽  
Bertholletia Excelsa ◽  
Brazil Nuts ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Abstract:We know surprisingly little about the fate of seeds of the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa) under natural conditions. Here we investigate seed removal, predation and caching of Brazil nuts by scatter-hoarding rodents in the wet and dry seasons, based on an experimental approach using 900 thread-marked seeds. We tracked the fate of seeds handled by these animals to examine how seasonal food availability may influence caching rates, dispersal distances and cache longevity. Most seeds exposed to dispersal trials were removed by scatter-hoarders during the first week in both seasons and seeds were generally buried intact in single-seeded caches within 10 m of seed stations. Seeds were removed significantly faster and buried at greater distances during the dry season. The proportion of seeds buried intact was considerably higher in the wet season (74.4%) than in the dry season (38.2%). Most (99.4%) of the 881 primary caches monitored were recovered, but these had a significantly shorter lifetime in the dry season. Our results show that rodents are highly skilled at retrieving buried Brazil nuts and that caching behaviour appears to be affected by seasonal resource abundance. Reduced seed availability due to intensive harvest could potentially create a dry-season scenario where most seeds succumb to pre-dispersal predation, thereby adversely affecting the natural regeneration of Brazil nut trees.

Vertebrate predation of Brazil-nuts (Bertholletia excelsa, Lecythidaceae), an agouti-dispersed Amazonian seed crop: a test of the escape hypothesis

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Peres ◽  
Luís C. Schiesari ◽  
Cláudia L. Dias-Leme
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Seed Removal ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Bertholletia Excelsa ◽  
Seed Predators ◽  
Brazil Nuts ◽  
Tree Cluster

ABSTRACTThe effects of escape distance to parental trees and tree clusters on the removal of Brazil-nut seeds (Bertholletia excelsa, Lecythidaceae) by vertebrate seed predators were examined in an entirely undisturbed stand of Brazil-nut trees of eastern Amazonia. Population density estimates, based on line-transect censuses, are also presented for Bertholletia trees and agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina), the most important scatterhoarder and seed predator of Brazil-nuts at this site. Seed removal experiments were conducted within and outside a natural Bertholletia tree cluster (castanhal) during both the wet and dry seasons. While there were no within-cluster effects of escape distance from parent trees on seed removal rates, overall seed removal within the cluster was significantly greater than that well outside the cluster. Moreover, removal rates in the wet season were consistently higher than those in the dry season both within and outside the tree cluster. Results suggest that the probability of early seed survival for Bertholletia, in relation to distance to seed sources, operates on different spatial scales, and that seed predators allocate greater foraging effort to scattered seeds during the fruitfall (wet) season, when buried seed stocks are being cached by agoutis.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality evaluation of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H. B. K.) almond marketed in open markets in the Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e6510111285
Author(s):  
Emellin Rayanne Santana Rocha ◽  
Anny Priscylla Silva de Carvalho ◽  
Larissa Silva de Assis ◽  
Maysa de Vasconcelos Brito ◽  
Dayane Lorraine Vale Simões
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Bertholletia Excelsa ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Brazil Nuts ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Open Markets ◽  
The City

The present study aimed to investigative the micrbiological quality of Brazil nuts sold in open markets in the city of Macapá-AP. Samples of fresh almonds were collected at 3 open markets in Macapá from September to October 2018. Microbiological analyzes for thermotolerant coliforms and Salmonella sp were performed according to procedures described by MAPA (Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply) 62, of August 26, 2003 and the results compared with RDC nº 12, of January 2, 2001. The results showed the presence of levels of thermotolerant coliforms above the limits established by the legislation in at least one sample of each evaluated fair, being presence of Salmonella sp. The analysis results indicate that all fairs presented unsatisfactory samples, corresponding to 33,33% of the total in fairs I and III and 66,67% at fair II. Therefore, the analyzes point to the need to intensify sanitary inspection, as well as to devise more effective actions to guide and sensitize marketers to adopt good practices in handling this Amazonian delicacy.

scholarly journals Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa, Lecythidaceae) Regeneration in Logging Gaps in the Peruvian Amazon

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Moll-Rocek ◽  
Matthew E. Gilbert ◽  
Eben N. Broadbent
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Bertholletia Excelsa ◽  
Brazil Nuts ◽  
Madre De Dios ◽  
Total Leaf

Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsaBonpl.) extraction serves as an important economic resource in the Madre de Dios region of Peru simultaneously promoting forest conservation, yet, under current management, it cannot compete with other land uses. This study investigated the effects of logging gaps on Brazil nut natural regeneration. A total of 48 paired logging gap-understory sites were visited in Brazil nut concessions in the Tambopata province of Madre de Dios, Peru. At each site, the number of Brazil nut recruits was counted and canopy openness and gap area were measured. Significantly higher levels of recruit density were found in logging gaps than in understory sites. Additionally, recruit density was positively correlated with canopy openness. Further, in experimental plantings in paired gap and understory sites, canopy openness, height, total leaf area, and number were recorded from August 2011 to February 2012. Height, total leaf area, and leaf number were significantly higher for tree-fall gap grown seedlings, lending further evidence to improved recruitment success of Brazil nuts in forest gaps. These results suggest that multiple-use forest management could be considered as an alternative for the sustainable extraction of Brazil nuts but also highlight that further studies are required.

scholarly journals Damage caused by Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Stored Brazil nut

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
E. M. Pires ◽  
E. Q. Souza ◽  
R. M. Nogueira ◽  
M. A. Soares ◽  
T. K. R. Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Brazil Nuts ◽  
Original Shape ◽  
Considerable Damage ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Tribolium castaneum is an insect that occurs worldwide and it is a pest that attacks stored products, in particular, grains and seeds. The adult and immature forms are categorized as secondary pests which feed on grains or seeds previously damage in storage conditions. The objective of this study was to describe the type of damage caused by adults and immature of T. castaneum in Brazil nuts and identify the type of damage caused by Coleoptera. It was also verified whether the shell can protect the almond from the attack of this pest. The lesions inflicted by this insect starts as a scratched surface, which evolves into galleries and even injuries capable of modifying the original shape of the almond. Due to its capacity to promote considerable damage with consequent losses in the value of the nuts, T. castaneum may be listed among pests of Brazil nut categorized as primary pest by its ability to initiate injuries in the intact almond.

A Guide to Planting Wildflower Enhancements in Florida

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Bammer ◽  
Josh Campbell ◽  
Chase B. Kimmel ◽  
James D.. Ellis ◽  
Jaret C. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Pollinator Species ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
The Right

The establishment of native wildflower plantings in Florida can benefit agricultural producers as well as native pollinators and other beneficial insects (predators and parasitoids). The plantings do this by:  providing forage and nesting sites for bees, butterflies, and other pollinators, increasing wild bee numbers possibly across the farm, and increasing natural enemies of insect pests (that also depend on forage and nesting sites). This document discusses choosing the right mix of native plant species to benefit many pollinator species, as well as proper site selection, planting practices, and weed control techniques. Wildflower plots should be practical to manage, maximize benefits to wildlife, and fit into the overall management practices of the property. 

scholarly journals Corrigendum to “Accurate mapping of Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa) in Amazonian forests using WorldView-3 satellite images and convolutional neural networks”

2021 ◽  
pp. 101326
Author(s):  
Matheus Pinheiro Ferreira ◽  
Rodolfo Georjute Lotte ◽  
Francisco V. D’Elia ◽  
Christos Stamatopoulos ◽  
Do-Hyung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Bertholletia Excelsa ◽  
Amazonian Forests

scholarly journals Survey on maize post-harvest losses and its management practices in the western hills of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghanashyam Bhandari ◽  
Bhuddhi Bahadur Achhami ◽  
Tika Bahadur Karki ◽  
Balram Bhandari ◽  
Gopal Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Angoumois Grain Moth ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Village Development Committee ◽  
Open Floor

A survey was conducted in order to assess the losses of maize under farmers’ storage conditions in the Western hills of Nepal in 2014. The survey area included Thanapati Village Development Committee (VDC) of Gulmi, Aalamdebi VDC of Syangja, Khasauli VDC of Palpa and Baglung municipality-12, Baglung district. Primary information was collected through semi-structured questionnaires among the heterogenous groups of the farming communities. Survey revealed that about 61% respondents reported the storage pest as the major pests and about 12% respondents reported that field pests as the major pests in the western hills. Maize weevil (Sitophylus zeamais Mostsch.) and Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella Oliv.) were found to be major storage insect pests in surveyed areas. Majority of respondents (39%) presumed on 10-20% losses during storage. Among the other biotic factors, farmers ranked insect (42%), weeds (32%) and diseases (17%) respectively. Maize storage methods had distinct among the surveyed areas compared with Baglung district to other surveyed areas. In Baglung, about (73%) farmers had stored maize in the form of grain whereas in Palpa, Gulmi and Syangja, about (77%) farmers had practice of storing maize with husk for 5-7 months. Approximately, 40% respondents were using open floor in upper stair “Aanti”as a major maize storage place in Palpa, Gulmi and Syangja whereas almost (79%) of respondents were using sacks to store shelled grains in Baglung. Hence, there is ample opportunity to reduce the storage losses of maize depending upon the existing situation.Journal of Maize Research and Development (2015) 1(1):98-105DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.34288

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Improved Hermetic Storage Structures Against Maize Storage Insect Pests Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Tadele Tefera ◽  
Addis Teshome ◽  
Charles Singano
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Storage Pests ◽  
Hermetic Storage ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Small Holder Farmers ◽  
Storage Structures

A study was conducted for 12 months to evaluate the effectiveness of two improved hermetic storage structures against two maize storage pests Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus at Liwufu Research Station, Malawi. The storages were metal silo and hermetic bag; Actellic super dust was included as a control. The treatments (storages) were replicated four times under natural and artificial infestations. Grain stored in metal silo had the lowest mean percentage weight loss, 1.04% to 1.25%, 12 months after storage followed by hermetic bag, 2.46% to 6.64%. Grain treated with Actellic super had the highest weight loss, 4.86% to 18.72%. The study showed that hermetic storage structures can be promoted as effective alternative non-chemical methods of grain storage for small holder farmers in Malawi.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document