scholarly journals HYDROCHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION OF AMAZONIAN RIVERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (78) ◽  
pp. 211-226
Author(s):  
Eduardo Antonio Rios Villamizar ◽  
J. Marion Adeney ◽  
Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade ◽  
Wolfgang Johannes Junk
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Hydrochemical Data ◽  
Detailed Classification ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Water and soil chemistry provide important parameters for the study of river ecology and biogeochemical cycles. Furthermore, they determine management options of rivers and connected wetlands. The first scientific classification of Amazonian water bodies was elaborated in the 1950s by Harald Sioli. He used water color, as well as physical and chemical parameters, to explain limnological characteristics of the large Amazonian rivers and related these characteristics to the geological and geomorphological properties of their catchments. Today, an increasing amount of hydrochemical data indicate that the chemical composition of Amazonian water bodies varies much more than assumed by Sioli. Nevertheless, his simplified classification is useful for describing the natural physical and chemical variability of Amazonian rivers and wetlands. The electrical conductivity, pH-value and the distribution of major cations and anions allow to distinguish well among the three classical water types and to categorize other water bodies in order to subsidize a more detailed classification system of Amazonian fresh waters.

scholarly journals Proposal for geological classification and nomenclature of soils: both genetic-descriptive and compositional-mineralogical

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Luis Enrique Cruz-Guevara ◽  
Luis Felipe Cruz-Ceballos ◽  
Gladys Marcela Avendaño-Sánchez ◽  
Mario García-González
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Detailed Classification ◽  
Clay Layers ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Numerous systems with detailed classification of soil are in existence. Most of them are based on a variety of complex criteria, such as material type and properties like the amount of organic material, presence of clay layers, and the presence of oxidation or reduction iron-rich horizons, as well as depositional characteristics, its landform morphology and depositional formation processes. Many of these have been developed for use in fields such as agronomy and geotechnics. This paper focuses on the classification of the soil by determining its materials, their origin and the geological processes that shape them, following these basic assumptions: (1) The soil initially comes from the weathering of a parent substrate that can be either sedimentary deposits (for example, alluvial or fluvial) or of any type of rock (igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary), (2) the parent substrate structure is composed by original sequential facies (e.g. foliation, igneous cumulates or stratigraphic intercalation of sedimentary layers), (3) the physical and chemical weathering and the biogenic activity and productivity processes that occur in the soil modify both the original structure and the constituents of the parental substrate, resulting in the formation of new materials, the conservation of others, and the overprint of the sequential facies of the soil (horizons A, B and C) developed on the original parental sequential facies, additionally (4) some materials will be lost from the system and others will be incorporated into it. Finally, a strictly compositional-mineralogical classification of soil is also proposed, which corresponds essentially to the main groups of minerals: silicates, carbonates, phosphates, oxides and hydroxides, sulfates, organic rich matter, nitrates, sulphides, borates, native elements and halides, named in sedimentology as monomaterials, plus the polymaterials or rock fragments (RF). This classification offers an advantage when examining materials that are not genetically linked to the parent substrates, making each soil profile unique, by highlighting the role played by the parental materials in this process. This classification is intended to complement, but not replace any existing soil classification

scholarly journals Plankton and Macrobiota Composition and Diversity of Three Tropical Freshwaters Rivers in Ogun and Ondo States, Southwest Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-255
Author(s):  
Taofikat Abosede ADESALU ◽  
Olakunbi Anike KUNRUNMI ◽  
Muyideen Owonire LAWAL
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Tropical Freshwaters ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Three different rivers in Ogun and Ondo states were investigated for both micro and macro-biota of the water bodies. Several physical and chemical properties of these rivers were determined. The pH value of the studied water bodies was essentially neutral with salinity values between 0.02 - 4.0‰. Microalgae communities were represented by three divisions: Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta at Oluwa and Ifara Rivers (Ondo state), while at Ibefun River (Ogun state), five divisions: Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta and Pyrrhophyta were identified. Diatoms dominated these water bodies, with Navicula radiosa Kutz. at Ifara River, Fragilaria sp. in Oluwa River, while out of 90 algal taxa identified in Ibefun river, 64 were diatoms species belonging to 26 genera, with Melosira sp. and Synedra sp. recording the highest numbers of cell count. Dinoflagellates recorded only Peridinium sp. while Phacus orbicularis Hubner and Trachelomonas sp. dominated the euglenoids. For the zooplankton composition at Ibefun, rotifers (75.95%) were represented by Brachionus sp., which recorded 62.03%, and Gastropus sp. with 13.92% of the total zooplankton, thus dominated the spectrum, while the copepod recorded 22.78% of the total organisms, with Copilia sp. and Euchirella sp. having 8.86% each. The macrobenthic invertebrates were represented by 3 taxa, belonging to 3 groups, with the dominant group Insecta accounted for 57% of the total individuals (7 individuals/m2), while Oligochaeta and Hirudinea accounted for 29% and 14% respectively of the total individuals at Oluwa and Ifara Rivers. At Ibefun River, the macrobenthic invertebrates were represented by 5 taxa, belonging to 3 groups, Bivalves, Oligochaeta and Insecta, with bivalves being the dominant group (51.7% of the total individuals, as 64 individuals/m2), while Oligochaeta and Insecta accounted for 26.6% and 21.9% respectively of the total individuals. The dominant taxon, Macoma cumana, accounted for 42.2%. A total of seventeen (17) finfish and shellfish species comprised of thirteen (13) finfish and four (4) shellfish species were recorded, being representative of freshwater and brackish water species; Clarias anguillaris (Clariidae), Tilapia zilli (Cichlidae), Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Bagridae), Alestes spp. and Macrobrachium vollenhovenii (Palaemonidae) were the most common species observed.

Ecological aspects of modernization of alcohol industry enterprises at the present stage of development

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Marianna Havryshko ◽  
◽  
Olena Popovych ◽  
Halyna Yaremko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
World Industry

At the present stage of development, the entire world industry has faced the problem of rational use of renewable natural resources, in particular the most efficient ways of wastewater treatment and the use of accumulated waste in the production process as a secondary raw material. In particular, the alcohol industry, as one of the components of food, medical, chemical and various industries,leads to the formation of huge amounts of waste, including wastewater. The food industry, like any other industry, has a negative impact on the environment. Water bodies are the most affected by the food industry. Almost the first place in terms of water consumption per unit of production is the production of alcohol. Consumption of large amounts of water leads to the formation of wastewater, which is highly polluted and adversely affects the environment. Due to the high chemical and biological consumption of oxygen, specific color and odor, suspended solids, low pH value, the purification of such waste in the filtration fields and discharge into water bodies is not possible. The purpose of our work is: 1) conducting the analysis of the alcohol industry potential in Ukraine in recent years, and methods of waste disposal as a potential source for the development of bioenergy. 2) environmental aspects of the alcohol industry modernization at present stage of development and implementation of modern wastewater treatment technologies.

scholarly journals Can Vaccination Trigger Autoimmune Disorders? A Meta-Analysis

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Marek Petráš ◽  
Ivana Králová Lesná ◽  
Jana Dáňová ◽  
Alexander M. Čelko
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Measures Of Association ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
The Stability

Vaccination as an important tool in the fight against infections has been suggested as a possible trigger of autoimmunity over the last decades. To confirm or refute this assumption, a Meta-analysis of Autoimmune Disorders Association With Immunization (MADAWI) was conducted. Included in the meta-analysis were a total of 144 studies published in 1968–2019 that were available in six databases and identified by an extensive literature search conducted on 30 November 2019. The risk of bias classification of the studies was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The strength of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. While our primary analysis was conducted in terms of measures of association employed in studies with a low risk of bias, the robustness of the MADAWI outcome was tested using measures independent of each study risk of bias. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed to determine the stability of the outcome. The pooled association of 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.97–1.02), based on a total of 364 published estimates, confirmed an equivalent occurrence of autoimmune disorders in vaccinated and unvaccinated persons. The same level of association reported by studies independently of the risk of bias was supported by a sufficient number of studies, and no serious limitation, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, and publication bias. A sensitivity analysis did not reveal any discrepancy in the primary result. Current common vaccination is not the cause of any of the examined autoimmune disorders in the medium and long terms.

Kraepelin revisited: a reassessment and statistical analysis of dementia praecox and manic-depressive insanity in 1908

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jablensky ◽  
H. Hugler ◽  
M. Von Cranach ◽  
K. Kalinov
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Dementia Praecox ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorders ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Original Case ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Dichotomous Classification

SynopsisA meta-analysis was carried out on 53 cases of dementia praecox (DP) and 134 cases of manic-depressive insanity (MDI) originally diagnosed by Kraepelin or his collaborators in Munich in 1908. The original case material was coded in terms of Present State Examination syndromes and analysed statistically for internal consistency and discrimination between the two diagnostic entities. Kraepelin's DP and MDI were found to define homogeneous groups of disorders which could be clearly distinguished from one another. A CATEGO re-classification of the cases revealed an 80·2% concordance rate between Kraepelin's diagnoses and ICD-9. Cluster analysis of the original data reproduced closely Kraepelin's dichotomous classification of the psychoses but suggested that DP was a narrower concept than schizophrenia today, while MDI was a composite group including both ‘typical’ manic-depressive illnesses and schizoaffective disorders.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Associations Between Migraine and Lipoprotein Subtractions

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012919
Author(s):  
Yanjun Guo ◽  
Iyas Daghlas ◽  
Padhraig Gormley ◽  
Franco Giulianini ◽  
Paul M Ridker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Lipoprotein Subfractions ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Summary Data

Background and Objective:To evaluate phenotypic and genetic relationships between migraine and lipoprotein subfractions.Methods:We evaluated phenotypic associations between migraine and 19 lipoprotein subfractions measures in the Women’s Genome Health Study (WGHS, N=22,788). We then investigated genetic relationships between these traits using summary statistics from the International Headache Genetics Consortium (IHGC) for migraine (Ncase=54,552, Ncontrol=297,970) and combined summary data for lipoprotein subfractions (N up to 47,713).Results:There was a significant phenotypic association (odds ratio=1.27 [95% confidence interval:1.12-1.44]) and a significant genetic correlation at 0.18 (P=0.001) between migraine and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLP) concentration but not for LDL or HDL subfractions. Mendelian randomization (MR) estimates were largely null implying that pleiotropy rather than causality underlies the genetic correlation between migraine and lipoprotein subfractions. Pleiotropy was further supported in cross-trait meta-analysis revealing significant shared signals at four loci (chr2p21 harboring THADA, chr5q13.3 harboring HMGCR, chr6q22.31 harboring HEY2, and chr7q11.23 harboring MLXIPL) between migraine and lipoprotein subfractions. Three of these loci were replicated for migraine (P<0.05) in a smaller sample from the UK Biobank. The shared signal at chr5q13.3 colocalized with expression of HMGCR, ANKDD1B, and COL4A3BP in multiple tissues.Conclusions:The current study supports the association between certain lipoprotein subfractions, especially for TRLP, and migraine in populations of European ancestry. The corresponding shared genetic components may be help identify potential targets for future migraine therapeutics.Classification of Evidence:This study provides Class I evidence that migraine is significantly associated with some lipoprotein subfractions.

scholarly journals Epileptic Encephalopathies: An Overview

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Khan ◽  
Raidah Al Baradie
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathy ◽  
Dravet Syndrome ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ohtahara Syndrome ◽  
Cerebral Dysfunction ◽  
Epileptic Syndromes

Epileptic encephalopathies are an epileptic condition characterized by epileptiform abnormalities associated with progressive cerebral dysfunction. In the classification of the International League Against Epilepsy eight age-related epileptic encephalopathy syndromes are recognized. These syndromes include early myoclonic encephalopathy and Ohtahara syndrome in the neonatal period, West syndrome and Dravet syndrome in infancy, myoclonic status in nonprogressive encephalopathies, and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, and epilepsy with continuous spike waves during slow wave sleep in childhood and adolescences. Other epileptic syndromes such as migrating partial seizures in infancy and severe epilepsy with multiple independent spike foci may be reasonably added. In this paper, we provide an overview of epileptic encephalopathies including clinical neurophysiological features, cognitive deterioration, and management options especially that these conditions are generally refractory to standard antiepileptic drugs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document