Understanding and Efficiently Manipulating Environmental Stress Caused by Metal Ions to Improve Ethanol Fermentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boontiwa Ninchan ◽  
Chollada Sirisatesuwon ◽  
Kittipong Rattanaporn ◽  
Klanarong Sriroth
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Ethanol Fermentation ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Strong Inhibitor ◽  
Ion Removal

The inconsistent quality of molasses directly influences ethanol production, particularly due to contamination by metal ions that causes severe problems and reduces production efficiency. This research focused on calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), and magnesium (Mg2+) ions that are common in molasses. The key objective was to understand clearly the effect of ions on ethanol fermentation and Saccharomyces cerevisiae performance. Individual ions and ion mixtures were studied in sucrose solution and in molasses. The results showed that severe stress could be ordered as Ca2+>K+>Mg2+ and the adverse effect was greater when the ion concentration increased. Ca2+ was a strong inhibitor while trace amounts of Mg2+ produced a positive effect. To achieve the greatest efficiency in ethanol production using molasses in the substrate preparation, Ca2+ should not exceed 0.18% (w/w) prior to fermentation and the final sugar concentration should be 20–25% (w/v), as adjusting the addition of sucrose will result in a suitable yeast medium. Pretreatment and dilution were the best practices for ion removal, with Ca2+ being clearly decreased. Furthermore, determination of the composition and ion concentration in molasses are essential initial steps that must be routinely applied to ensure that the knowledge gained and the efficient techniques investigated can both be used to improve ethanol production.

Fluctuations of Annual Precipitation and Water Resources Quality in Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4s) ◽  
pp. 621-629
Author(s):  
Valentina Pidlisnyuk ◽  
◽  
John Harrington JR ◽  
Yulia Melnyk ◽  
Yuliya Vystavna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Resource Quality ◽  
Phosphate Ion ◽  
Regional Trends

The article focuses on examining the influence of fluctuations in annual precipitation amount on the quality of surface waters. Water quality was estimated with data on BOD, COD and phosphate–ion concentration within five selected regions of Ukraine. Analysis of the precipitation data (1991 – 2010) showed different regional trends. Using the statistics, determination of the interconnection between precipitation amount and water resources quality were done. The obtained regularities and associated uncertainties can be used for prediction of changes in water resource quality and as a guide for future adaptation to possible climate change.

scholarly journals Removal of barium, cobalt, strontium and zinc from solution by natural and synthetic allophane adsorbents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Baldermann ◽  
Andrea Cäcilia Grießbacher ◽  
Claudia Baldermann ◽  
Bettina Purgstaller ◽  
Ilse Letofsky-Papst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽  
Uptake Mechanism ◽  
Nano Structure ◽  
Metal Ion Removal ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Transmission Electron

The capacity and the mechanism of the adsorption of aqueous barium (Ba), cobalt (Co), strontium (Sr) and zinc (Zn) by Ecuadorian (NatAllo) and synthetic (SynAllo-1 and SynAllo-2) allophanes were studied as a function of contact time, pH and metal ion concentration using kinetic and equilibrium experiments. The mineralogy, nano-structure and chemical composition of the allophanes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and specific surface area analyses. The evolution of adsorption fitted to a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, where equilibrium between aqueous metal ions and allophane was reached within < 10 min. The metal ion removal efficiencies varied from 0.7 to 99.7 % at pH 4.0 to 8.5. At equilibrium, the adsorption behavior is better described by the Langmuir model than by the Dubinin-Radushkevich model, yielding sorption capacities of 10.6, 17.2 and 38.6 mg/g for Ba^(2+), 12.4, 19.3 and 29.0 mg/g for HCoO_2^-, 7.2, 15.9 and 34.4 mg/g for Sr^(2+) and 20.9, 26.9 and 36.9 mg/g for Zn^(2+), respectively, by NatAllo, SynAllo-2 and SynAllo-1. The uptake mechanism is based on a physical adsorption process. Allophane holds great potential to remove aqueous metal ions and could be used instead of zeolites, montmorillonite, carbonates and phosphates for wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Determination of Trace Metal Ions in Common Salt by Stripping Voltammetry

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1413-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azza M M Ali
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Trace Metal Ions

Abstract Sensitive voltammetric methods using cathodic and anodic differential pulse stripping techniques were applied for determination of trace ions cadmium(II), cobalt(II), copper(II), lead(II), manganese(II), nickel(II), and zinc(II), which are usually found in different grades of common salt as contaminants. The optimal conditions, i.e., deposition time, preconcentration potential, supporting electrolyte, and ionic strength, were investigated for each metal ion. Concentration of the metal ion was determined by the standard addition method. Metal content varied according to the quality of the table salt.

scholarly journals Metal Ions Higher Content Impact upon Determination of Fluoride-ion Mass Concentration with Photometric Method

2012 ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Fluoride Ion

Outcomes of the metal ions higher content impact upon determination of fluoride-ion mass concentration by the photometric method with alizarin-complexon have been presented. It has been proved that Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Pb2+ ions hinder to determine the fluoride-ion concentration. Lead ions possess specific hindering effect.

scholarly journals Underlying Mechanism of Uncoupled Cell Growth and Ethanol Fermentation of Zymomonas mobilis using Different Nitrogen Sources

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runxia Li ◽  
Mingjie Jin ◽  
Jun Du ◽  
Shouwen Chen ◽  
Shihui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Ethanol Fermentation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Biochemical Production

Abstract Background: Microbial growth needs C, N, P, S as well as metal ions such as magnesium, which is a major cofactor for enzymes involved in various metabolic activities. Yeast extract is widely used as nitrogen supply as well as vitamins and growth factors to sustain microbial growth in the culture medium. Zymomonas mobilis is a model ethanologenic bacterium for ethanol production, and has been developing as a chassis for diverse biochemical production. Although yeast extract is routinely used to prepare rich medium (RM) for Z. mobilis, the glucose consumption and ethanol production of Z. mobilis in RM were not coupled with cell growth in some studies. Results: In this study, the effects of different nitrogen sources as well as the supplementation of additional nitrogen source into RM and minimum medium (MM) on cell growth and ethanol fermentation of Z. mobilis were investigated to understand the uncoupled cell growth and ethanol fermentation for efficient carbon utilization and optimal ethanol productivity of Z. mobilis. Our results indicated that nitrogen sources such as yeast extract from different companies affected cell growth, glucose utilization, and the corresponding ethanol production. We also quantified the concentrations of major ion elements in different organic nitrogen sources using the quantitative analytic approach of Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and demonstrated that metal ions such as magnesium in the media affected glucose consumption, cell growth, and ethanol fermentation. The effect of magnesium on gene expression was further investigated using RNA-Seq transcriptomics, and our result indicated that the lack of Mg2+ triggered stress responses while decreasing energy-consuming metabolism. Conclusions: Our work demonstrated that concentrations of metal ions such as magnesium and molybdenum in nitrogen sources are essential for vigorous cell growth, and the difference of Mg2+concentration in different yeast extract was one of the major factors affecting the coupling of cell growth and ethanol fermentation in Z. mobilis. We also revealed that genes responsive for Mg2+ deficiency in the medium were majorly related to stress responses and energy conservation. The importance of metal ions on cell growth and ethanol fermentation suggested that metal ions should become one of the parameters for monitoring the quality of commercial nitrogen sources and optimizing microbial culture medium for economic biochemical production.

scholarly journals Proses Produksi Industri Pandai Besi di Kecamatan Togo Binongko Kabupaten Wakatobi

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Leni Leni ◽  
Mardin Mardin ◽  
Suriana Suriana
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Increase Production Efficiency ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Agricultural Equipment ◽  
Quantitative Data Analysis

This study aimed to determine the production process of the blacksmith industry in Togo Binongko District, Wakatobi Regency, in May 2019. The determination of the research location was determined purposively. Respondents in this study were heads of families who worked as blacksmiths in Togo Binongko District, Wakatobi Regency, with as many as 20 respondents. Data analysis uses quantitative data analysis techniques to describe the data that has been collected and present the data in tabular form so that it becomes clearer according to the conditions in the field. The results showed that the agricultural equipment produced by the smart in Togo Binongko District was made through a traditional production process while maintaining product quality. The production process starts from Tila and Tihi (sorting and cutting of iron raw materials), Kepa'a (forging), Hokomonde'a (modeling), and Soropu'a (re-burning). Blacksmith artisans can maintain the quality of the products produced by improving the production process by participating in training and using equipment that can increase production efficiency.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Mixtures of Toxic Metal Ions Using Non-Viable Cells of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Amirnia ◽  
Argyrios Margaritis ◽  
Madhumita B. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Metal Ion Removal ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Biomass Dosage

The use of waste biomaterial for the adsorption of heavy metal ions is an economically appealing alternative to conventional metal ion removal methods. In the present work, S. cerevisiae biomass has been shown to be capable of the simultaneous removal of more than 98% of Pb(II) ions, 60% of Zn(II) ions and up to 55% of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions in the 10–50 mg/ℓ concentration range. Model equations describing the removal efficiency of each metal ion were determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with respect to operating conditions such as pH, initial metal ion concentration and biomass dosage. Characterization of the metal ion–biomass interactions responsible for biosorption was studied employing zeta potential measurements, BET, FT-IR and EDX techniques; these indicated that the uptake of metal ions by non-living yeast was a surface adsorption phenomenon. The results proved the involvement of an ion-exchange mechanism between the adsorbing metal ions and the cell walls. In the presence of the complete range of metal ions studied, yeast cells were more selective towards Pb(II) ions.

scholarly journals Effect of different fattening period duration on meat productivity of domestic quails

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-377
Author(s):  
H. Lukanov ◽  
I. Pavlova ◽  
A. Genchev
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Period Duration ◽  
Lower Production ◽  
Meat Type

Abstract. The study was conducted with 224 domestic quails from the specialized meat-type WG line. The duration of fattening period and sex on productive traits, slaughter traits and meat quality of quails was evaluated. The study has shown that the longer duration of the fattening period in quails from the meat-type line WG was associated with lower production efficiency, with more reduction after the 35th day of life. The production efficiency in male quails was lower compared to that in females. The dispersion analysis demonstrated that the determination of 72.2% and 69.6% of dressed carcass weight and deboned meat weight, respectively, depended on fattening period duration (p<0.001). When fattening increased from 28 to 42 days, the amount of feed necessary for one bird increased by 73% and 87%, corresponding to increased costs by 64.5% and 77%. For production of 1 kg dressed quail carcasses, the necessary feed increased by 42.3-45.8% on a weight basis and by 35-37.7% on a cost basis. For production of 1 kg deboned quail meat, corresponding increases are by 42.1-49.5% and 34.8-41.2%, respectively. The period between 28 and 35 days of age was the most appropriate for planning slaughter of WG quails. During that period, the economic efficiency, although already declining, was still within acceptable limits and the increase in quantitative traits in both sexes – still relevant, making the produce more attractive for consumers. With age, the changes in colour characteristics of M. pectoralis superficialis result in darkening of meat (p<0.001). Thus, it assumes nuances specific rather for game meat. This effect is desirable, as it improves the commercial presentation of domestic quail meat in line with consumers’ attitudes.

DECOLOURIZATION AND COD REMOVAL OF WASEWATER FROM ETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM MOLASSES BY COAGULANTION USING INORGANIC ALUM

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Trung Duc Le
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Treatment Step ◽  
Main Material

The industrial production of ethanol by fermentation using molasses as main material that generates large quantity of wastewater. This wastewater contains high levels of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD), that may causes serious environmental pollution. Most available treatment processes in Vietnam rely on biological methods, which often fail to treat waste water up to discharge standard. As always, it was reported that quality of treated wastewater could not meet Vietnameses discharge standard. So, it is necessary to improve the treatment efficiency of whole technological process and therefore, supplemental physico-chemical treatment step before biodegradation stage should be the appropriate choice. This study was carried out to assess the effect of coagulation process on decolourization and COD removal in molasses-based ethanol production wastewater using inorganic coaglutant under laboratory conditions. The experimental results showed that the reductions of COD and colour with the utilization of Al2(SO4)3 at pH 9.5 were 83% and 70%, respectively. Mixture FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 at pH 8.5 reduced 82% of colour and 70% of COD. With the addition of Polyacrylamide (PAM), the reduction efficiencies of colour, COD and turbidity by FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 were 87%, 73.1% and 94.1% correspondingly. It was indicated that PAM significantly reduced the turbidity of wastewater, however it virtually did not increase the efficiencies of colour and COD reduction. Furthermore, the coagulation processes using PAM usually produces a mount of sludge which is hard to be deposited.

Tingkat Pemahaman Kompetensi Guru Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Geografi Sebagai Calon Guru Geografi

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Novia Zalmita ◽  
Muhajirah Muhajirah ◽  
Abdul Wahab Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Prospective Teacher ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Geography Education ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Long Time

One that influences human resource indicators is education. The teacher is a profession as a job of academic specialization in a relatively long time in college. Understanding related to teacher competence is very important to have by a prospective teacher because it can affect the quality of performance as a professional teacher. The teacher's competence is known as pedagogic, professional, social and personality competencies. The issue in this study is how the competency of the teacher of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as a prospective teacher of geography? The purpose of this study was to determine the competence of teachers in the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as prospective geography teachers. Quantitative description approach is used in this study to find answers to the issue. The population in this study were students of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah class of 2015 and 2016 who had been declared to have passed the Micro Teaching and Magang Kependidikan 3 course totaling 50 people. Because the population is small and can be reached, the determination of the sample using total sampling techniques so that the sample in this study is the whole population. Data collection is done by distributing test questions to respondents. The data was analyzed using the descriptive statistics percentage formula. The results of the study indicate that the level of teacher competence of Geography Education Department students as prospective teachers is in the moderate category, namely as many as 22 respondents (44%). A total of 12 respondents (24%) were in the high category, 15 respondents (30%) were in the low category and 1 respondent (2%) were in the very low category.

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