scholarly journals A study on the corrosion index of Tap Water(TW) and Reclaimed Water(RW) using KWI(Korea Water Index) and KRWI(Korea Reclaimed Index Water) method

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.33) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Usman Rasheed ◽  
Hyundong Lee ◽  
Myeongsik Kong ◽  
Pilljae Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Corrosion Assessment ◽  
Chlorine Ion ◽  
The Impact

This study aim to find the corrosion index of Tap water and Reclaimed water using KWI (Korea Water Index) and KRWI (Korea Reclaimed Water Index) method. The impact of corrosion inhibiting factors (pH ,hardness, alkalinity) and corrosion accelerating facor (TDS, chlorine ion, sulphate ion) has studied. The corrosion assessment method based on the corrosion index is used in predicting corrosion and offering information on the control of corrosive water quality.   

The impact of investment on drinking water quality in rural China

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-269
Author(s):  
Ai Yue ◽  
Yaojiang Shi ◽  
Renfu Luo ◽  
Linxiu Zhang ◽  
Natalie Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Representative Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Although access to safe drinking water is one of the most important health-related infrastructure programs in the world, drinking water remains a large problem in China today, especially in rural areas. Despite increased government investment in water resource protection and management, there is still an absence of academic studies that are able to document what path the investment has taken and whether it has had any tangible impact. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of drinking water investment on drinking water in China. Design/methodology/approach The authors make use of nationally representative data from 2005 and 2012 to measure the impact of drinking water investment among 2,028 rural households in 101 villages across five provinces. Both ordinary least squares regression and probit regression are used to analyze the correlates and the impact of drinking water investment. Findings The authors demonstrate that water quality was likely a significant problem in 2004 but that China’s investment into drinking water appears to have resulted in initial improvements during the study period. The authors show that the most significant change came about in terms of hardware: villages that received more drinking water investment now have more piped tap water and more access to water treatment infrastructure (disinfecting and filtering facilities). High rates of rural resident satisfaction with drinking water suggest the effects of drinking water investment are being felt at the village level. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study on drinking water investment over time in rural China using nationally representative data.

scholarly journals Impacts of temperature alteration on the drinking water quality stored in plastic bottles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelkader T. Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Emad ◽  
Mohammed A. Bkary
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Heating Water ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concentration Levels

AbstractMany people prefer to drink bottled water instead off the tap water. The bottled water is stored in the plastic bottles sometimes for long time. These plastic bottles might leach out some harmful materials into the water especially when exposed to temperature alteration, which may affect human health. This research work focused on investigating the effect of changing temperature on the bottled water quality. The work studied the effect of heating water in plastic bottles by sun, oven, and microwave. The study included also the impact of cooling and freezing the bottled waters. Results showed that temperature alterations caused changes in some physicochemical properties of bottled waters such as decreasing the values of pH and TDS and increasing levels of fluoride and chloride. In addition, the concentration levels of some physiochemical parameters exceeded the permissible values for drinking water. With temperature alterations, all levels of heavy metals in bottled waters were minimal except some small concentrations of copper and zinc. Results confirmed also differences in behavior between the bottled water brands exposed to the same temperature alterations. Heating bottled waters above 50 °C is alarming problem on the water quality. This is because above this degree, many alternations were observed in the water content. The outcomes of this work are useful for improving the current legislation on bottled waters and their storage.

Source water impact model (SWIM) - a watershed guided approach as a new planing tool for indirect potable water reuse

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Drewes ◽  
P. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Impact Model ◽  
Water Impact ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
The Impact

The scope of this study was to develop a model to assess the impact of source water quality on reclaimed water used for indirect potable reuse. The source water impact model (SWIM) considered source water qualities, water supply distribution data, water use and the impact of wastewater treatment to calculate reclaimed water quality. It was applied for sulfate, chloride, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at four water reuse sites in Arizona and California. SWIM was able to differentiate between the amount of salts derived by drinking water sources and the amount added by consumers. At all sites, the magnitude of organic residuals in reclaimed water was strongly effected by the concentration of organics in corresponding water sources and effluent-derived organic matter. SWIM can be used as a tool to predict reclaimed water quality in existing or planned water reuse systems.

Water quality index analysis for portable and bottled waters

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-468
Author(s):  
Abdelkader T. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This research work aimed to investigate the degree of quality of tap and bottled waters available in Al-Madinah city through an experimental program comprising chemical, physical and biological tests. The study included examining the quality of the water supply network components such as taps, underground storage tanks and feeding pipes of the network. Filtration influence on the tap water was investigated by testing different water samples before and after the filtration process at different locations. The experiments also examined various bottled water brands sold in Al-Madinah. In addition, the impact of using the dispenser on the water quality of large bottled waters was studied. The water quality of two types of waters was compared by estimating water quality index (WQI). Results of this study revealed that the overall quality of the tap water is within standard values; however, deterioration occurs for the water through its journey in the water supply system. Results revealed that hardness and fluoride concentrations in bottled waters exhibited high values close to or more than allowable values of the standards. Furthermore, results confirmed that using the filter and dispenser decreased the water quality degree in the long run. Bottled waters showed a higher grade of WQI than tap water.

scholarly journals The effect of the mixing of water from different sources in the water supply system on tap water quality – a full-scale technical investigation case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-312
Author(s):  
A. Szuster-Janiaczyk ◽  
J. Bylka
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Tap Water Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract The paper presents a detailed analysis of the quality of water pumped into a network and sampled from 39 monitoring points located on the network. A difference in the quality of water sampled from two different sources was demonstrated, as well as the impact of the mixing of the two waters in the water distribution system (WDS) on tap water quality. A mathematical model was used to identify the zones of water mixing and the areas of unfavourable hydraulic conditions (low flow rates and long retention times).

scholarly journals Impact of Coastal Infrastructure on Ocean Colour Remote Sensing: A Case Study in Jiaozhou Bay, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Isabel Jalón-Rojas ◽  
Xiao Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Jiaozhou Bay ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Hangzhou Bay ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Ocean Colour ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Ocean Colour Remote Sensing ◽  
The Impact

Spatial and temporal ocean colour data are increasingly accessible through remote sensing, which is a key tool for evaluating coastal biogeochemical and physical processes, and for monitoring water quality. Coastal infrastructure such as cross-sea bridges may impact ocean colour remote sensing due to the different spectral characteristics of asphalt and the seawater surface. However, this potential impact is typically ignored during data post-processing. In this study, we use Jiaozhou Bay (East China) and its cross-bay bridge to examine the impact of coastal infrastructure on water-quality remote-sensing products, in particular on chlorophyll-a concentration and total suspended sediment. The values of these products in the bridge area were significantly different to those in the adjacent water. Analysis of the remote-sensing reflectance and application of the Normalised Difference Water Index demonstrate that this phenomenon is caused by contamination of the signal by bridge pixels. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products helped estimate the pixel scale that could be influenced by contamination. Furthermore, we found similar pixel contamination at Hangzhou Bay Bridge, suggesting that the impact of large coastal infrastructure on ocean colour data is common, and must therefore be considered in data post-processing.

scholarly journals Chemical quality and water quality indices of Fiche drinking water, Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gezahegn Faye ◽  
Israel Sebsibe ◽  
Birhanu Degaga ◽  
Tsige Tekle
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Continuous Quality ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic ◽  
Annual Range

Abstract The problem of drinking water quality is common in developing countries. While a piped water supply is available in many parts of Fiche, Ethiopia, the water may be contaminated in the distribution system and thus, continuous quality assessment is required to ensure safe drinking water for the community. Instrumental and spectrophotometric methods were used to analyze the chemical characteristics including dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, ammonia, iron and manganese. The weighted arithmetic water quality index method was applied to assess the water's quality rating. The chemical characteristics of the tap water's annual range was; temperature between 19.4 and 20.0°C, pH between 6.8 and 7.6, DO between 4.5 and 6.1 mg/L, ammonia between 0.01 and 0.2 mg-NH3/L, nitrate between 1.1 and 1.8 mg-NO3/L, nitrite between 0.003 and 0.06 mg-NO2/L, 2.0 and 19.1 mg-SO42−/L, chloride between 10.07 and 30.0 mg-Cl−/L, manganese between 0.003 and 0.003 mg-Mn/L, iron between 0.01 and 0.03 mg-Fe/L. The WQIs for the reservoir and tap water were 25.031 and 40.676, respectively, so the tap water is rated ‘good’ for drinking.

Application of Vulnerability Index Method in Floor Water Inrush Evaluation

2014 ◽  
Vol 614 ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ming Li ◽  
Qi Mou Zhou ◽  
Xiao Rui Xiang ◽  
Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Coal Seam ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Water Inrush ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Vulnerability Index Method ◽  
Floor Water Inrush ◽  
The Impact

There are many factors that promote the coal seam floor water bursting, one coal seam floor water inrush evaluation method that can truly reflect being controlled by the impact of multiple factors and having very complex mechanism and process of evolution in the current is very necessary. In this paper, the case of the 9# coal seam in Shanxi Liulin Hongshengjude coal industry Co. Ltd.is taken as an example, analyzing the application of vulnerability index method in coal seam floor water inrush evaluation, a comparison is made on the assessment results obtained from vulnerability index method and the traditional water inrush coefficient assessment method. The results indicate that the assessment result of the vulnerability index method which considers factors comprehensively is truer to the reality and more advantages.

Study on Electrosorption Removal of Chloride Ion from Reclaimed Water

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2015-2019
Author(s):  
Chun Xiang Yang ◽  
Guo Li Yang ◽  
Yong Jiang Shi ◽  
Shou Jie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Adsorption Experiment ◽  
Adsorption Time ◽  
Plate Spacing ◽  
Wastewater Recycling ◽  
The Impact

The electrosorption technology for removal of chloride ion is researched by the static adsorption experiment, and various factors of the impact of the removal efficiency, combined with the removal of water quality and water treatment requirements, best adsorption conditions is identified that voltage is 5V, plate spacing is 1.0cm, adsorption time is 15min. Electrosorption technology in wastewater recycling project has certain benefits at economic, environmental and social, and have certain application value.

scholarly journals Pilot Demonstration of Reclaiming Municipal Wastewater for Irrigation Using Electrodialysis Reversal: Effect of Operational Parameters on Water Quality

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Xuesong Xu ◽  
Qun He ◽  
Guanyu Ma ◽  
Huiyao Wang ◽  
Nagamany Nirmalakhandan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Salt Flux ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Monovalent Ions ◽  
The Impact

The modification of ion composition is important to meet product water quality requirements, such as adjusting the sodium adsorption ratio of reclaimed water for irrigation. Bench- and pilot-scale experiments were conducted using an electrodialysis reversal (EDR) system with Ionics normal grade ion-exchange membranes (CR67 and AR204) to treat the reclaimed water in the Scottsdale Water Campus, Arizona. The goal is to investigate the impact of operating conditions on improving reclaimed water quality for irrigation and stream flow augmentation. The desalting efficiency, expressed as electrical conductivity (EC) reduction, was highly comparable at the same current density between the bench- and pilot-scale EDR systems, proportional to the ratio of residence time in the electrodialysis stack. The salt flux was primarily affected by the current density independent of flow rate, which is associated with linear velocity, boundary layer condition, and residence time. Monovalent-selectivity in terms of equivalent removal of divalent ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42−) over monovalent ions (Na+, Cl−) was dominantly affected by both current density and water recovery. The techno-economic modeling indicated that EDR treatment of reclaimed water is more cost-effective than the existing ultrafiltration/reverse osmosis (UF/RO) process in terms of unit operation and maintenance cost and total life cycle cost. The EDR system could achieve 92–93% overall water recovery compared to 88% water recovery of the UF/RO system. In summary, electrodialysis is demonstrated as a technically feasible and cost viable alternative to treat reclaimed water for irrigation and streamflow augmentation.

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