scholarly journals Dynamic Programming to Solve Picking Schedule at the Tea Plantation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.30) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Siti Mahsanah Budijati ◽  
Bermawi Priyatna Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Rolling Schedule ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Schedule Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

The tea picking schedule at PT Perkebunan Ciater is set to be the same for all plantation blocks. In fact, the altitude from sea level and the pruning age of each plantation block is different, this results in the difference of buds’ growth. The implementation of the same picking schedule causes the quality and quantity of tea buds often could not be fulfilled. This research is to determine the precise picking schedule by considering the buds’ growth of each plantation block. Two steps are implemented to solve the problem. The first step is to look for picking period and the pattern of buds’ quality for each plantation block, which corresponds to the altitude of the location and the pruning age. The regression method is applied in this first step. The buds’ quality pattern is then used to determine the cost of decreasing buds’ quality and the costs of the buds that left in the plantation. The second step is to develop the picking schedule using dynamic programming, which minimizes the total cost of picking. In addition to this, we also develop a rolling schedule, which schedule time interval is three days. The model results show that the proposed schedule gives a better total cost than the current schedule and the buds’ quality target is easier to achieve.

Cost-Consequence Analysis of Single-Dose Dalbavancin Versus Standard of Care for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections in a Multisite Healthcare System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Gonzalez ◽  
Diana Carolina Andrade ◽  
JianLi Niu
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
Cost Consequence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) are common infectious diseases that cause a significant economic burden on the healthcare system. This study aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of dalbavancin vs standard of care (SoC) in the treatment of ABSSSI in a community-based healthcare system. Methods This was a retrospective study of adult patients with ABSSSI treated with dalbavancin or SoC during a 27-month period. Patients were matched based on age and body mass index. The primary outcome was average net cost of care to the healthcare system per patient, calculated as the difference between reimbursement payments and the total cost to provide care to the patient. The secondary outcome was proportion of cases successfully treated, defined as no ABSSSI-related readmission within 30 days after the initiation of treatment. Results Of the 418 matched patients, 209 received SoC and 209 received dalbavancin. The average total cost of care per patient was greater with dalbavancin vs SoC ($4770 vs $2709, P < .0001). The average reimbursement per patient was $3084 with dalbavancin vs $2633 SoC (P = .527). The net cost, calculated as revenue minus total cost, was $1685 with dalbavancin vs $75 with SoC (P = .013). The overall treatment success rate was 74% with dalbavancin vs 85% with SoC (P = .004). Conclusions Dalbavancin was more costly than SoC for the treatment of ABSSSI, with a higher 30-day readmission rate. Dalbavancin does not offer an economic or efficacy advantage.

CALCULATION OF COST OF PRODUCTION USING FULL COSTING METHOD IN PT ALBASIA JAYA SUKABUMI DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
endang naryono
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Basic Price

Indonesia has a large forest area with various types of trees and causes entrepreneurs to process these natural resources which use the results for wood processing industry for wood industry companies. The purpose of this study is to determine the analysis of the calculation of the cost of production per cubic meter flooring with the cost of production method of the full costing approach, and to find out the total cost of production that can be absorbed in each production department. The type of data in this study is qualitative data and quantitative data both primary data and secondary data as supporting data. The data source is taken from company reporting and documentation, as well as the available files relating to the cost of flooring production per cubic meter (m3) of PT. Albasia Jaya Sukabumi Regency. The data analysis method used is to analyze each note, documentation and report then described. For the purposes of analysis and discussion, the authors use a cost accounting analysis tool by carrying out a classification of costs on the basis of the basic functions that exist in the company and determine the cost of production with a full costing approach. That the total cost of production according to PT. Albasia Jaya Sukabumi Regency is IDR 435,747,835.44 whereas according to the full costing method treatment is IDR 433,046,198.86 this means that there is a difference that must be corrected as much as IDR (2,701,638.58). Then for the basic price per cubic meter (m3) of Bengkirai flooring according to PT. Albasia Jaya in the amount of Rp 1,188,403.88 while according to the full costing method of Rp 1,181,035.09 this means that there is a difference in the basic price per cubic meter (m3) of Rp (7,368.79). The difference was caused by differences in the calculation of lost products at the end of the process according to PT Albasia Jaya of Rp. 22,969,532.98 while according to the full costing method of Rp. 25,550,092.30. That in accordance with the hypothesis stated above, the PT Albasia Jaya cost of goods manufactured report is acceptable.

scholarly journals Reducing the Cost of Electricity by Optimizing Real-Time Consumer Planning Using a New Genetic Algorithm-Based Strategy

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurentiu-Mihai Ionescu ◽  
Nicu Bizon ◽  
Alin-Gheorghita Mazare ◽  
Nadia Belu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
The Cost

To ensure the use of energy produced from renewable energy sources, this paper presents a method for consumer planning in the consumer–producer–distributor structure. The proposed planning method is based on the genetic algorithm approach, which solves a cost minimization problem by considering several input parameters. These input parameters are: the consumption for each unit, the time interval in which the unit operates, the maximum value of the electricity produced from renewable sources, and the distribution of energy production per unit of time. A consumer can use the equipment without any planning, in which case he will consume energy supplied by a distributor or energy produced from renewable sources, if it is available at the time he operates the equipment. A consumer who plans his operating interval can use more energy from renewable sources, because the planning is done in the time interval in which the energy produced from renewable sources is available. The effect is that the total cost of energy to the consumer without any planning will be higher than the cost of energy to the consumer with planning, because the energy produced from renewable sources is cheaper than that provided from conventional sources. To be validated, the proposed approach was run on a simulator, and then tested in two real-world case studies targeting domestic and industrial consumers. In both situations, the solution proposed led to a reduction in the total cost of electricity of up to 25%.

scholarly journals COST EVALUATION OF STROKE THERAPY COMPARED TO INA-CBGs ON INPATIENTS AT ANUTAPURA HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Muhamad Rinaldhi Tandah ◽  
Alwiyah Mukaddas ◽  
Dewi Angriani ◽  
Gaby Nathania Angela Mangoting
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Stroke Therapy ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACTStroke is the third cause of death in the world after heart disease, cancer, and disability including disability categorized based on its severity: mild (I), moderate (II), and severe (III) severity. This study aims to determine the difference total cost of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke therapy, each, with INA-CBGs rates. The method of data collection was conducted retrospectively taken from medical record data, and on patient medical expenses. The subject were ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients hospitalized from 2016-2017 at Anutapura Hospital who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 134 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 68% were ischemic stroke patients and 32% were hemorrhagic stroke patients. The result of research showed that there were significant differences in costs (p <0.05) between hospital real costs and INA-CBGs rates. The average total real cost of treatment for ischemic stroke therapy was IDR 7,360,196.70 and the cost of the INA-CBGs was IDR 7,427,251.65 for 91 inpatients; and the average total cost of patients with hemorrhagic stroke therapy took IDR 10,606,834.34 with average of INA CBG’s rate at IDR 4,399,393.02 for 43 inpatients. The conclusion is both of stroke therapy proved significant difference compared to BPJS claimed amount of money.Keywords: pharmacoeconomic, cost analysis, ischemic stroke, haemorrhage stroke, INA-CBG’s rate.

scholarly journals COST AND EFFECTIVENESS OF ATYPICAL-ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC COMBINATIONS AND ATYPICAL-TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC COMBINATIONS IN PATIENTS OF PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS IN INSTALLATION OF EMERGENCY IN GRHASIA MENTAL HOSPITAL, YOGYAKARTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Arya Dibyo Adisaputra ◽  
Endang Darmawan ◽  
Arum Siwinarni
Keyword(s):  
Atypical Antipsychotic ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Typical Antipsychotic ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Psychotic disorders create a burden on the government, family, and society because of decreasing patient productivity. The use of atypical-atypical and atypical-typical antipsychotic combinations is one of the most commonly used combinations for patients with psychotic disorders. The study was conducted to determine the average total cost and effectiveness of the therapy measured by the difference in PANSS-EC pre-post scores during intensive care. The study was conducted prospectively to analyse the total cost and effectiveness of the therapy using combinations of antipsychotics in psychotic disorders patients. The measured costs include the cost of nursing classes, laboratory, medical treatment, doctor's visit, and antipsychotic. The effectiveness is measured by the difference in PANSS-EC pre-post scores. As many as 32 treated patients with psychotic disorders met the inclusion criteria. The average cost of atypical-typical antipsychotic combination group (Rp1,184,043) was higher than atypical atypical antipsychotic combination group (Rp1,115,829). The effectiveness of the therapy was represented by the value of the difference between the PANSS-EC pre and post scores, which in this research yielded a mean of 7,125 for atypical-atypical antipsychotic combinations and 8,375 for atypical-typical antipsychotic combinations. In conclusion, there is a difference in the total average cost and effectiveness of the therapy. There is a difference between PANSS-EC pre and post scores during the time period from intensive room to quiet room in atypical-typical antipsychotic combinations compared with atypical-atypical antipsychotic combinations.

Estimating the Cost of Agricultural Morbidity in Maine and New Hampshire

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Jones ◽  
Erika E. Scott ◽  
Nicole Krupa ◽  
Paul L. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Agricultural Injuries ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

Abstract. This article provides an estimate for the economic costs of agricultural injuries sustained in the states of Maine and New Hampshire between the years 2008 and 2010. The authors used a novel dataset of 562 agriculturally related occupational injuries, and cost estimates were generated using the CDC’s Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS). Individual cases from the dataset that did not match the query options for WISQARS were excluded. Of the 562 agricultural injuries identified in the dataset, 361 met the WISQARS criteria. The remaining 201 cases were judged to be incompatible with the WISQARS query criteria. Significant differences (p &lt; 0.0001) were found between the median costs of eight types of injury. Amputations (median = $70,077) and fractures (median = $13,365) were found to be the most expensive types of injury. The total cost of the 361 injuries for which estimates were available was $6,342,270. Injuries that reportedly involved machinery were found to be more expensive than injuries caused by animals. This article highlights the difference in the total cost of injury between types of injuries and demonstrates that agricultural injuries were a significant economic burden for Maine and New Hampshire for the years 2008-2010. These data can be used to direct future preventive efforts. Finally, this article suggests that WISQARS is a powerful tool for estimating injury costs without requiring access to treatment or billing records. Keywords: Agriculture, Economic burden, Maine, New Hampshire, Passive surveillance.

scholarly journals How to Use CA-125 More Effectively in the Diagnosis of Deep Endometriosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Aurelio Pinho Oliveira ◽  
Thiers Soares Raymundo ◽  
Leila Cristina Soares ◽  
Thiago Rodrigues Dantas Pereira ◽  
Alessandra Viviane Evangelista Demôro
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Deep Endometriosis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) is a severe form of the disease. The median time interval from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis of endometriosis is around 8 years. In this prospective study patients were divided into two groups: cases (34 DIE patients) and control (20 tubal ligation patients). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of CA-125 measurement in the menstrual and midcycle phases of the cycle, as well as the difference in its levels between the two phases, for the early diagnosis of DIE. Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CA-125 in menstrual phase and of the difference between menstrual and midcycle phases had the best performance (both with AUC = 0.96), followed by CA-125 in the midcycle (AUC = 0.89). The ratio between menstrual and midcycle phases had the worst performance. CA-125 may be useful for the diagnosis of deep endometriosis, especially when both are collected during menstruation and in midcycle. These may help to decrease the long interval until the definitive diagnosis of DIE. Multicentric studies with larger samples should be performed to better evaluate the cost-effectiveness of measuring CA-125 in two different phases of the menstrual cycle.

Effects of Inline Inspection Sizing Uncertainties on the Accuracy of the Largest Features and Corrosion Rate Statistics

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Huyse ◽  
Albert van Roodselaar
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Statistical Analysis Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
External Corrosion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Subsea Pipelines

With the increased acceptance of the use of probabilistic fitness-for-service methods, considerable effort has been dedicated to the estimation of the corrosion rate distribution parameters. The corrosion rate is typically computed from the difference in anomaly size over a specific time interval. The anomaly sizes are measured through either in-line inspection or direct assessment. Sizing accuracies for inline inspection methods are reasonably well established and in many cases the sizing uncertainty is non-negligible. In many approaches that are proposed in the literature the time-averaged corrosion rates are computed without explicitly considering the effect of the sizing uncertainties and as a result considerable interpretation and engineering judgment is required when estimating corrosion rates. This paper highlights some of the effects of the sizing uncertainties and the resulting biases that occur in the subsequent reliability calculations. These assessments are used to determine the most appropriate course of action: repair, replacement, or time of next inspection. The cost for repair or replacement of subsea pipelines is much higher than for onshore pipelines. For subsea applications, it is therefore paramount that the risk calculations, and therefore the corrosion rate estimates, be as accurate as possible. In subsea applications, the opportunity to repair individual defects is often limited due to practical constraints and there is merit in an approach that focuses on entire spools or pipeline segments. The proposed statistical analysis method is ideally suited to this application although the principles behind the analysis apply equally well to onshore lines subject to either internal or external corrosion threats.

SELISIH BIAYA PRODUKSI SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN MANAJEMEN PT INDO PUSAKA BERAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
SAFITRI NURHIDAYATI ◽  
RIZKI AMELYA SYAM
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to analyze whether the difference that occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor, and factory overhead costs between the standard costs and the actual costs in PLTU LATI is a difference that is favorable or unfavorable. Data collection techniques with field research and library research. The analytical tool used is the analysis of the difference in raw material costs, the difference in direct labor costs and the difference in factory overhead costs. The hypothesis in this study is that the difference allegedly occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb is a favorable difference. The results showed that the difference in the cost of producing MWh electricity at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb in 2018, namely the difference in the price of raw material costs Rp. 548,029.80, - is favorable, the difference in quantity of raw materials is Rp. 957,216,602, - is (favorable) , the difference in direct labor costs Rp 2,602,642,084, - is (unfavorable), and the difference in factory overhead costs Rp 8,807,051,422, - is (favorable) This shows that the difference in the overall production cost budget is favorable or profitable. This beneficial difference shows that the company is really able to reduce production costs optimally in 2018.  

Costs and the cost-effectiveness threshold

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Abel Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Societal Perspective ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Qaly Threshold ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Threshold ◽  
Effectiveness Threshold ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life

Chapter 19 starts by distinguishing between the two contrasting perspectives that an economic evaluation would take: the healthcare sector perspective versus the societal perspective. The former is considered a ‘narrow analysis’ which includes only the costs accruing within the healthcare sector, while the latter represents a ‘broad analysis’ that accounts for all resource implications in all sectors of the economy. After an investigation into various types of costs, a ‘limited societal perspective’ is suggested to be more appropriate than either of the two ‘extreme perspectives’. The chapter continues with a discussion of the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) threshold and explains the difference between a demand side- versus a supply-side approach to determining a threshold value for a QALY.

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