scholarly journals Flood and Flash Flood Geo-Hazards in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 760
Author(s):  
F. S. Buslima ◽  
R. C. Omar ◽  
Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin ◽  
Hairin Taha
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Rapid Rise

Floods are natural phenomena of geo-hazards that usually happened when experiencing prolonged heavy rainfalls. Floods in Malaysia can be categorized into monsoon floods and flash floods. Monsoon floods is caused of Northeast Monsoon season commences in early November and ends in March that brings heavy rainfall, particularly to the east coast states of Peninsular Malaysia and western Sarawak. Flash floods usually occur in areas with rapid development by a rapid rise in water level, high velocity, and large amounts of debris. Flooding that occurred in December 2014 can be classified as worst floods that affected several states in Peninsular Malaysia, and the worst affected is Kelantan state. This disaster was recorded more than 200,000 people were affected with 21 people were killed and gives a massive impact on people, properties, agriculture, livestock, and infrastructure facilities. Following the worst floods that hit Malaysia in 2014, the opinions and views from various parties such as subject matter experts was needed to produce mitigations and prevents of the flood disaster at once to minimize vulnerability to hazard.

scholarly journals Statistical Modeling of RPCA-FCM in Spatiotemporal Rainfall Patterns Recognition

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Siti Mariana Che Mat Nor ◽  
Shazlyn Milleana Shaharudin ◽  
Shuhaida Ismail ◽  
Sumayyah Aimi Mohd Najib ◽  
Mou Leong Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Modeling ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Breakdown Point ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Number Of Components ◽  
Torrential Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

This study was conducted to identify the spatiotemporal torrential rainfall patterns of the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, as it is the region most affected by the torrential rainfall of the Northeast Monsoon season. Dimension reduction, such as the classical Principal Components Analysis (PCA) coupled with the clustering approach, is often applied to reduce the dimension of the data while simultaneously performing cluster partitions. However, the classical PCA is highly insensitive to outliers, as it assigns equal weights to each set of observations. Hence, applying the classical PCA could affect the cluster partitions of the rainfall patterns. Furthermore, traditional clustering algorithms only allow each element to exclusively belong to one cluster, thus observations within overlapping clusters of the torrential rainfall datasets might not be captured effectively. In this study, a statistical model of torrential rainfall pattern recognition was proposed to alleviate these issues. Here, a Robust PCA (RPCA) based on Tukey’s biweight correlation was introduced and the optimum breakdown point to extract the number of components was identified. A breakdown point of 0.4 at 85% cumulative variance percentage efficiently extracted the number of components to avoid low-frequency variations or insignificant clusters on a spatial scale. Based on the extracted components, the rainfall patterns were further characterized based on cluster solutions attained using Fuzzy C-means clustering (FCM) to allow data elements to belong to more than one cluster, as the rainfall data structure permits this. Lastly, data generated using a Monte Carlo simulation were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed statistical modeling. It was found that the proposed RPCA-FCM performed better using RPCA-FCM compared to the classical PCA coupled with FCM in identifying the torrential rainfall patterns of Peninsular Malaysia’s East Coast.

Seasonal Variation of Surface Circulation Along Peninsular Malaysia' East Coast

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faiz Pa'suya ◽  
Kamaludin Mohd Omar ◽  
Benny N. Peter ◽  
Ami Hassan Md Din ◽  
Mohd Fadzil Mohd Akhir
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Radar Altimeter ◽  
Sea Level Anomaly ◽  
Surface Circulation ◽  
Altimetric Data

The sea surface circulation pattern over the coast of Peninsula Malaysia's East Coast during Northeast Monsoon (NE) and Southwest Monsoon (SW) are derived using the seasonally averaged sea level anomaly (SLA) data from altimetric data and 1992-2002 Mean Dynamic Ocean Topography. This altimetric data has been derived from multi-mission satellite altimeter TOPEX, ERS-1, ERS-2, JASON-1, and ENVISAT for the period of nineteen years (1993 to 2011) using the Radar Altimeter Database System (RADS). The estimated sea level anomaly (SLA) have shown similarity in the pattern of sea level variations observed by four tide gauges. Overall, the sea surface circulations during the NE and SW monsoons shows opposite patterns, northward and southward respectively. During the SW monsoon, an anti-cyclonic circulation has been detected around the Terengganu coastal area centred at (about 5.5° N 103.5° E) and nearly consistent with previous study using numerical modelling. The estimated geostrophic current field from the altimeter is consistent with the trajectories of Argos-tracked Drifting Buoys provided by the Marine Environmental Data Services (MEDS) in Canada.

scholarly journals Integrated Strategies for the Management of Wadi Flash Floods in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Arid Zones: The ISFF Project

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-34
Author(s):  
Sameh A. Kantoush ◽  
Mohamed Saber ◽  
Mohammed Abdel-Fattah ◽  
Tetsuya Sumi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Rainfall Occurrence ◽  
High Flood

AbstractSustainable management of wadi flash flood (WFF) risks is desperately needed to secure development in wadi systems. Due to rapid flow generation with sudden high flood peaks, spatiotemporal variability of rainfall occurrence, and poorly sited rapid development, most Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have no comprehensive proper protection from WFFs. In arid regions, single mitigation measures, including storage dams, recharge dams, artificial lakes and embankments, are implemented, although soft mitigation measures are not dominant, such as early warning systems. The single management strategy under climate change impacts is not adequate to reduce flash flood risks; an integrated strategy is required. The objective of the international symposium on flash floods (ISFF) project has been to develop scientific understanding of WFFs in wadi systems; monitor, model, and mitigate; issue warnings; and plan urban development by discussing and networking the strategies in the MENA region. To achieve this goal, the project defines priorities for future research challenges and potential projects for WFFs. This chapter provides a state-of-the-art scientific basis in terms of integrated flash flood management. Further, priorities are defined for the main research gaps, and the emerging research methodologies can contribute to guide the management of WFFs in such regions.

scholarly journals Variability of rainfall in Peninsular Malaysia

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 5471-5503 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Wong ◽  
R. Venneker ◽  
S. Uhlenbrook ◽  
A. B. M. Jamil ◽  
Y. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
West Coast ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Monthly Rainfall ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
The West ◽  
Coast Region

Abstract. This study analyzed and quantified the spatial patterns and time-variability of rainfall in Peninsular Malaysia on monthly, yearly and monsoon temporal scales. We first obtained an overview of rainfall patterns through the analysis of 16 point data sources. The results led to choosing three distinct regions, i.e.~the east coast, inland and west coast regions. For detailed analysis, Shepard's interpolation scheme was applied to the station data to produce daily rainfall fields on a 0.05 degree resolution grids for the period 1971–2006. The rainfall characteristics in time and space derived from a frequency analysis were found to be distinctly different in these three regions. In the east coast region, monthly rainfall shows a significant periodicity dominated by an annual cycle, followed by a half-year cycle. The inland and west coast regions show that the dominant periodic fluctuations in the monthly rainfall are dominated by a half-year cycle, followed by an annual cycle. The long-term rainfall variability analysis shows that the dry and wet conditions in Peninsular Malaysia are not primarily governed by the ENSO events. The results from the individual regions suggest that although the relative variability is influenced by ENSO, local and regional conditions have an effect on the interannual rainfall variability, which is superimposed on the large-scale weather conditions. A significant increasing trends in annual rainfall (9.3 mm/year) and northeast monsoon rainfall (6.2 mm/monsoon) were only detected in the west coast region. No trend was found in the monthly rainfall, except for November in the west coast region. The spatial variation analysis shows that the east coast region, which received substantially higher amounts of rainfall during the northeast monsoon, has lower spatial rainfall variability and a more uniform rainfall distribution than other regions. A larger range for the monthly spatial variation was observed in the west coast region.

scholarly journals Weather Downtime and its Effect on Fishing Operation in Peninsular Malaysia

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Yaakob ◽  
Peng Chau Quah
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
West Coast ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Fishing Boat ◽  
Close Relationship

Kertas kerja ini membentangkan hasil kajian mengenai kesan cuaca ke atas industri perikanan di Semenanjung Malaysia. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menentukan perhubungan yang jelas antara operasi menangkap ikan dan cuaca terutama di musim tengkujuh. Kertas kerja ini difokuskan kepada corak ombak dan angin dan kesannya ke atas kebolehoperasian bot perikanan, tangkapan, kesediaadaan dan harga ikan. Kesan ke atas aktiviti nelayan dan pendapatan akibat cuaca buruk juga dibincangkan. Keputusan yang diperolehi menunjukkan pertalian rapat antara cuaca dan operasi menangkap ikan dan seterusnya pendapatan nelayan. Kajian ini juga menyimpulkan bahawa kesan cuaca lebih ketara bagi nelayan Pantai Timur berbanding nelayan Pantai Barat. Kata kunci: Kesan cuaca, bot perikanan, operasi perikanan, tengkujuh This paper presents the results of a study of the effect of weather downtime on the fishing industry in Peninsular Malaysia. The study was carried out with the aim of establishing a clearer relationship between weather and fishing operation, especially during monsoon season. This paper focused on the wind and wave pattern and their effects on fishing boat operability, fish landing, fish availability, and price. The effect on the fishermen activity and income as a result of the weather down time was also discussed. The result of the study has indicated that there is a close relationship between weather and fishing operation as well as fishermen’s income. The study also concluded that weather has been significantly affecting the East Coast fishermen compared with their West Coast counterparts. Key words: Weather downtime, fishing boats, fishing operation, monsoon

An Overview of Non – Engineered Buildings Roofing System Failure under Wind Loads

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Khairul Azuan Muhammad ◽  
T.A. Majid ◽  
Noram I. Ramli ◽  
S.N.C. Deraman ◽  
Farah Alwani Wan Chik
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Engineered Structures ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
Roofing System

Strong wind is an annual natural hazard in Malaysia due to the geographical location. The northeast monsoon season usually commences in early November and ends in March. During this season, steady easterly or northeasterly winds of 10 to 20 knots prevail. The strong wind events such as hurricane and storms often caused severe damage to the large number of low rise building especially at the roofing system. At end of year 2014, the series of thunderstorm hit the Northern area of Peninsular Malaysia and caused million ringgit losses. This paper is focused on the roofing system failure of the low rise houses at the rural area that constitute the great majority of the infrastructure in less affluent communities. These non-engineered structures are typically built with very little, or no technical engineering input, and are often the product of varied building traditions and cultures.

Non-Homogeneous Hidden Markov Model for Daily Rainfall Amount in Peninsular Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Lun Tan ◽  
Fadhilah Yusof ◽  
Zulkifli Yusop
Keyword(s):  
Markov Model ◽  
Hidden Markov Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Hidden States

The non-homogeneous hidden Markov model (NHMM) generates the rainfall observation depends on few weather states which serve as a link between the large scale atmospheric measures. The daily rainfall at 20 stations from Peninsular Malaysia for 33 years sequences is analyzed using NHMM during the northeast monsoon season. A NHMM with six hidden states are identified. The atmospheric variable was obtained from NCEP Reanalysis Data as predictor. The gridded atmospheric fields are summarized through the principle component analysis (PCA) technique. PCA is applied to sea level pressure (SLP) to identify their principal spatial patterns co-varying with rainfall. The NHMM can accurately simulate the observed daily mean rainfall, correlations between stations for daily rainfall amounts and the quantile-quantile plots. It can be concluded that the NHMM is a useful method to simulate the daily rainfall amounts that may be used to prepare strategies and planning for the unpredicted disaster such as flood and drought.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility, serotype distribution, virulence profile and molecular typing of piliated clinical isolates of pneumococci from east coast, Peninsular Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Diana Dzaraly ◽  
Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa ◽  
AbdulRahman Muthanna ◽  
Siti Norbaya Masri ◽  
Niazlin Mohd Taib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines

AbstractPilus has been recently associated with pneumococcal pathogenesis in humans. The information regarding piliated isolates in Malaysia is scarce, especially in the less developed states on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Therefore, we studied the characteristics of pneumococci, including the piliated isolates, in relation to antimicrobial susceptibility, serotypes, and genotypes at a major tertiary hospital on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 100 clinical isolates collected between September 2017 and December 2019 were subjected to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility test, and detection of pneumococcal virulence and pilus genes. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and phylogenetic analysis were performed only for piliated strains. The most frequent serotypes were 14 (17%), 6A/B (16%), 23F (12%), 19A (11%), and 19F (11%). The majority of isolates were resistant to erythromycin (42%), tetracycline (37%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (24%). Piliated isolates occurred in a proportion of 19%; 47.3% of them were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and a majority had serotype 19F. This study showed ST236 was the most predominant sequence type (ST) among piliated isolates, which was related to PMEN clone Taiwan19F-14 (CC271). In the phylogenetic analysis, the piliated isolates were grouped into three major clades supported with 100% bootstrap values. Most piliated isolates belonged to internationally disseminated clones of S. pneumoniae, but pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have the potential to control them.

scholarly journals A Survey of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Applications for Flash Floods

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1818
Author(s):  
Lisha Ding ◽  
Lei Ma ◽  
Longguo Li ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Naiwen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Gis Technologies

Flash floods are among the most dangerous natural disasters. As climate change and urbanization advance, an increasing number of people are at risk of flash floods. The application of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technologies in the study of flash floods has increased significantly over the last 20 years. In this paper, more than 200 articles published in the last 20 years are summarized and analyzed. First, a visualization analysis of the literature is performed, including a keyword co-occurrence analysis, time zone chart analysis, keyword burst analysis, and literature co-citation analysis. Then, the application of remote sensing and GIS technologies to flash flood disasters is analyzed in terms of aspects such as flash flood forecasting, flash flood disaster impact assessments, flash flood susceptibility analyses, flash flood risk assessments, and the identification of flash flood disaster risk areas. Finally, the current research status is summarized, and the orientation of future research is also discussed.

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