scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility, serotype distribution, virulence profile and molecular typing of piliated clinical isolates of pneumococci from east coast, Peninsular Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Diana Dzaraly ◽  
Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa ◽  
AbdulRahman Muthanna ◽  
Siti Norbaya Masri ◽  
Niazlin Mohd Taib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines

AbstractPilus has been recently associated with pneumococcal pathogenesis in humans. The information regarding piliated isolates in Malaysia is scarce, especially in the less developed states on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Therefore, we studied the characteristics of pneumococci, including the piliated isolates, in relation to antimicrobial susceptibility, serotypes, and genotypes at a major tertiary hospital on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 100 clinical isolates collected between September 2017 and December 2019 were subjected to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility test, and detection of pneumococcal virulence and pilus genes. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and phylogenetic analysis were performed only for piliated strains. The most frequent serotypes were 14 (17%), 6A/B (16%), 23F (12%), 19A (11%), and 19F (11%). The majority of isolates were resistant to erythromycin (42%), tetracycline (37%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (24%). Piliated isolates occurred in a proportion of 19%; 47.3% of them were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and a majority had serotype 19F. This study showed ST236 was the most predominant sequence type (ST) among piliated isolates, which was related to PMEN clone Taiwan19F-14 (CC271). In the phylogenetic analysis, the piliated isolates were grouped into three major clades supported with 100% bootstrap values. Most piliated isolates belonged to internationally disseminated clones of S. pneumoniae, but pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have the potential to control them.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Clonality of Vaginally Derived Multidrug-Resistant Mobiluncus Isolates in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueying Zhang ◽  
Yongying Bai ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Mohamed S. Draz ◽  
Zhi Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Diversity

ABSTRACT Here, the antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance mechanisms, and clonality of Mobiluncus sp. isolates recovered from gynecological outpatients in China were investigated. Compared to M. mulieris, M. curtisii exhibited higher antimicrobial resistance to metronidazole, clindamycin, and tetracycline. Whole-genome sequencing indicated that the clindamycin resistance gene erm(X) was located on a transposable element, Tn5432, which was composed of two IS1249 sequences. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Mobiluncus spp. had high diversity, with isolates being grouped into several sporadic clades.

scholarly journals Outbreak of multidrug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in calves at a veterinary hospital in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Pantuzza Ramos ◽  
Letícia Camêlo Vespasiano ◽  
Isabela Oliveira Melo ◽  
Rafael Gariglio Clark Xavier ◽  
Carlos Augusto Gomes Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Nosocomial Outbreak ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to describe and characterize a nosocomial outbreak caused by a multidrug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in hospitalized calves at a veterinary medical teaching hospital from Brazil. Sixty-three (96.9%) calves showed lethargy, hyperthermia and profuse diarrhea and despite treatment, 26 (41.2%) animals died. Five animals were necropsied and stool samples of six calves were collected. The isolated strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test by disc-difusion method and were fingerprinted by ERIC-PCR. Macroscopic lesions suggestive of salmonellosis, such as fibrinonecrotic enteritis and hepatosplenomegaly were observed. Salmonellosis was confirmed by isolation of S. Typhimurium from stool samples and organs from seven affected animals. Six out of seven isolates of S. Typhimurium, exhibited 100% of similarity at ERIC-PCR, suggesting occurrence of nosocomial transmission of S. Typhimurium among the hospitalized calves. All but one S. Typhimurium isolated were resistant to marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, antimicrobial agents largely used for humans and animal treatment. This is the first study of a nosocomial outbreak of multidrug resistant S. Typhimurium in a veterinary hospital in Brazil and highlighted the need for preventive measures to reduce the risks for inpatients and humans in contact with animals.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Characterization of Resistance Mechanisms of Corynebacterium urealyticum Clinical Isolates

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Itziar Chapartegui-González ◽  
Marta Fernández-Martínez ◽  
Ana Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Danilo J. P. Rocha ◽  
Eric R. G. R. Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Corynebacterium Urealyticum

Corynebacterium urealyticum is a non-diphtherial urease-producing clinically relevant corynebacterial, most frequently involved in urinary tract infections. Most of the C. urealyticum clinical isolates are frequently resistant to several antibiotics. We investigated the susceptibility of 40 C. urealyticum isolated in our institution during the period 2005–2017 to eight compounds representative of the main clinically relevant classes of antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the Epsilometer test. Resistance genes were searched by PCR. All strains were susceptible to vancomycin whereas linezolid and rifampicin also showed good activity (MICs90 = 1 and 0.4 mg/L, respectively). Almost all isolates (39/40, 97.5%) were multidrug resistant. The highest resistance rate was observed for ampicillin (100%), followed by erythromycin (95%) and levofloxacin (95%). Ampicillin resistance was associated with the presence of the blaA gene, encoding a class A β-lactamase. The two rifampicin-resistant strains showed point mutations driving amino acid replacements in conserved residues of RNA polymerase subunit β (RpoB). Tetracycline resistance was due to an efflux-mediated mechanism. Thirty-nine PFGE patterns were identified among the 40 C. urealyticum, indicating that they were not clonally related, but producing sporadic infections. These findings raise the need of maintaining surveillance strategies among this multidrug resistant pathogen.

scholarly journals Carbapenemase Genes among Multidrug Resistant Gram Negative Clinical Isolates from a Tertiary Hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha F. Mushi ◽  
Stephen E. Mshana ◽  
Can Imirzalioglu ◽  
Freddie Bwanga
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Class D ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
Systemic Infections

The burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is rapidly growing across antibiotic classes, with increased detection of isolates resistant to carbapenems. Data on the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in developing countries is limited; therefore, in this study, we determined the prevalence of carbapenemase genes among multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) isolated from clinical specimens in a tertiary hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania. A total of 227 MDR-GNB isolates were analyzed for carbapenem resistance genes. For each isolate, five different PCR assays were performed, allowing for the detection of the major carbapenemase genes, including those encoding the VIM-, IMP-, and NDM-type metallo-beta-lactamases, the class A KPC-type carbapenemases, and the class D OXA-48 enzyme. Of 227 isolates, 80 (35%) were positive for one or more carbapenemase gene. IMP-types were the most predominant gene followed by VIM, in 49 (21.59%) and 28 (12%) isolates, respectively. Carbapenemase genes were most detected inK. pneumoniae24 (11%), followed byP. aeruginosa23 (10%), andE. coliwith 19 isolates (8%). We have demonstrated for the first time a high prevalence of MDR-GNB clinical isolates having carbapenem resistance genes in Tanzania. We recommend routine testing for carbapenem resistance among the MDR-GNB particularly in systemic infections.

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