scholarly journals Variability of rainfall in Peninsular Malaysia

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 5471-5503 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Wong ◽  
R. Venneker ◽  
S. Uhlenbrook ◽  
A. B. M. Jamil ◽  
Y. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
West Coast ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Monthly Rainfall ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
The West ◽  
Coast Region

Abstract. This study analyzed and quantified the spatial patterns and time-variability of rainfall in Peninsular Malaysia on monthly, yearly and monsoon temporal scales. We first obtained an overview of rainfall patterns through the analysis of 16 point data sources. The results led to choosing three distinct regions, i.e.~the east coast, inland and west coast regions. For detailed analysis, Shepard's interpolation scheme was applied to the station data to produce daily rainfall fields on a 0.05 degree resolution grids for the period 1971–2006. The rainfall characteristics in time and space derived from a frequency analysis were found to be distinctly different in these three regions. In the east coast region, monthly rainfall shows a significant periodicity dominated by an annual cycle, followed by a half-year cycle. The inland and west coast regions show that the dominant periodic fluctuations in the monthly rainfall are dominated by a half-year cycle, followed by an annual cycle. The long-term rainfall variability analysis shows that the dry and wet conditions in Peninsular Malaysia are not primarily governed by the ENSO events. The results from the individual regions suggest that although the relative variability is influenced by ENSO, local and regional conditions have an effect on the interannual rainfall variability, which is superimposed on the large-scale weather conditions. A significant increasing trends in annual rainfall (9.3 mm/year) and northeast monsoon rainfall (6.2 mm/monsoon) were only detected in the west coast region. No trend was found in the monthly rainfall, except for November in the west coast region. The spatial variation analysis shows that the east coast region, which received substantially higher amounts of rainfall during the northeast monsoon, has lower spatial rainfall variability and a more uniform rainfall distribution than other regions. A larger range for the monthly spatial variation was observed in the west coast region.

scholarly journals Investigating Variability of Outgoing Longwave Radiation over Peninsular Malaysia Using Wavelet Transform

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 3415-3428 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Lim ◽  
Uma Das ◽  
C. J. Pan ◽  
K. Abdullah ◽  
C. J. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Outgoing Longwave Radiation ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
The West ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Semiannual Variation

Abstract The present study analyzes and quantifies the spatial–temporal variability of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) over peninsular Malaysia using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) from 2003 to 2010. The goal is to understand the long-term variability of OLR over Malaysia in terms of time–frequency variations in relation to the monsoon period and other weather phenomena. The study regions selected were the west coast, east coast, and southern part of peninsular Malaysia. The OLR variation characteristics in time and space derived from wavelet transform were found to be distinctly different in these three regions. In these three regions, OLR showed significant periodicities dominated by the annual cycle, followed by a semiannual cycle. The west coast of peninsular Malaysia has a lower annual component compared to the other regions because of the rain-sheltering effect by the mountain range that blocked the heavy rainfall from northeast monsoon winds. Besides that, the results show that the wet and dry spells coincide with local monsoon and intermonsoon periods. Meanwhile, the results also revealed that the semiannual variation is statistically significant during 2004–06. The strong semiannual variation is coincident with several droughts that resulted from the strong El Niño events in 2004–06. In addition, the phase plot of wavelet coefficients shows that the variations at various scales are in phase, which coincided with the sudden variations of OLR, indicating heavy flood occurrences in the southern part of peninsular Malaysia. The results show that CWT is a powerful tool for analysis of phenomena involving multiscale interactions that exhibit localization in both time and frequency.

scholarly journals Analisis Pertumbuhan Dan Persebaran Penduduk Provinsi Sumatera Utara Berdasarkan Hasil Sensus Penduduk Tahun 2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mbina Pinem
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
West Coast ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatial Approach ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Coast Region

This research porposes to understand growth and spread of population in Province of North Sumatra. The method used here is decriptive analysis of secondary data with the spatial approach. Whereas the object of research are the number of population, the population growth, and spread of population of North Sumatra Province based on 2010 census of Indonesian pupulation. The outcome of research represents that the population growth of Province of North Sumatra from 2000 to 2010 average of 1,22 percent per year. Then, the highest population growth found in Regency of Middle Tapanuli (2,46 percent), followed by Regency of Karo (2,17 percent), and South Tapanuli Regency (2,12 percent). Meanwhile the lowest population growth found in Siantar Town (-029 percent) and followed by Toba Samosir Regency (0,38 percent) and Simalungun Regency (-0,46 percent). As the spread of pupulation in the North Sumatra Province is not prevalent, as the settlements spreads nearly 62,87 percent on the east coast region, whereas only 3,05 percent on the west coast, and the rest 4,85 percent on the Nias Islands.

scholarly journals An updated checklist of marine copepoda from Peninsular Malaysia with notes on their functional traits and distributional records

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-24
Author(s):  
BALQIS BALQIAH ◽  
Azman Abdul Rahim
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Species Level ◽  
The West ◽  
Marine Zooplankton ◽  
Ecological Literature ◽  
Malacca Strait ◽  
Extensive List ◽  
Euterpina Acutifrons

An up-to-date checklist of marine zooplankton copepods from the water of Peninsular Malaysia is presented, there are 235 species of copepods which consists of 89 genera and 44 families. Extensive list of bibliographical references with synonymy, detailed information on their functional groups, and distributional data are provided for each species. The checklist is based on taxonomic and ecological literature until 28 May 2020. Calanoida recorded the most diverse order with 101 species in total, followed by Harpacticoida with 70 species and 61 species from Cyclopoida. As for Canuelloida, Monstrilloida and Siphonostomatoida all recorded with 1 species respectively. There are 192 species of copepod recorded along the west coast (Malacca Strait) and 123 species on the east coast (South China Sea).  Endemicity at species level attains 1% for the whole Peninsular Malaysian coast, with 2 genera restricted to the east coast (Kensakia parva and Brachiella malayensis) and one genus to the west coast (Labidocera jaafari). There are six dominant species that can be found along the coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Acartia erythraea, Acartia pacifica, Bestiolina similis, Euterpina acutifrons, Microsetella norvegica, Paracalanus aculeatus, Oithona nana, Oithona simplex and Temora discaudata).  

2. On the Mean Monthly Rainfall of Scotland

1872 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 665-666
Author(s):  
Alexander Buchan
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Monthly Rainfall ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
South West ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
South Shore ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Firth Of Forth

So far as regards the annual amounts of the rainfall of Scotland, deduced from observations made at 296 different places, the chief point brought out is the enormous difference between the rainfall of the west and that of the east; the stations along the west coast showing such figures as 40, 45, and 54 inches, as compared with 24, 27, and 30 inches at stations on the east coast, not situated in the immediate neighbourhood of hills. When it is considered that the source of the rainfall is the prevailing south-westerly winds, it is evident that the comparative dryness of such districts as the south shore of the Firth of Forth is due to high land lying to the south-west, which drains the winds of a large portion of their moisture in their passage across them.

scholarly journals VARIATION OF CHART DATUM TOWARDS MARITIME DELIMITATION DUE TO RISING SEA LEVEL

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W5 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
A. R. M. Faizuddin ◽  
M. M. Razali
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
West Coast ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
The West ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
Base Points ◽  
Rising Sea Level

The importance of Chart Datum in hydrographic surveying is inarguable because its determination is part of the process to obtain the actual depth of bathymetry. The Chart Datum has a relationship with the determination of base points because any uncertainty of the base points would definitely cause uncertainty to the determination of the maritime baseline. If there is any doubt on the baselines, it will then cause doubt on the maritime zones as well which includes the equidistant line that forms the border between the two countries. However, due to the ongoing rising sea level, there has been some variations of the Chart Datum in some areas in Malaysia. This research discusses about the variation of Mean Sea Level and Chart Datum for the tide gauge stations at Geting, Cendering, Sedili and Tioman at East Coast and Kukup, Langkawi, Lumut and Penang at the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The tidal analysis was carried out by using the 23 years of data beginning at 1993 to 2015. The observed tidal data for 23 years were processed and analysed by using GeoTide software. In this research, the Harmonic Analysis technique was used in order to calculate the values of Mean Sea Level and the Chart Datum while the slope of the shoreline is modelled by using Global Mapper. The linear trend of the Mean Sea Level and the Chart Datum was analysed to determine the increase of the annual sea level in millimetres accuracy and also to determine the variation of the Chart Datum for each tidal station and its impact towards maritime baseline. The result has shown that the linear trend of sea level rise varies from 24 millimetres per year up to 168 millimetres per year at the East Coast and 24 millimetres per year up to 96 millimetres per year at the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. As for the maritime baseline, results has indicated that there exist shifting in the horizontal which are varies from 1.564 metres per year to 3.299 metres per year at the East Coast and from 1.331 metres per year up to 5.857 metres per year at the West Cost of Peninsular Malaysia. From the analysis, it can be stated that the horizontal shift occur greater at the East Coast rather than at the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. As a conclusion, the sea level rise does have significant impact towards maritime baseline. Furthermore, the determination of a stable Chart Datum is important to define the maritime baseline in other to avoid conflict with other neighbouring countries.

scholarly journals ENSO and Wintertime Extreme Precipitation Events over the Contiguous United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried D. Schubert ◽  
Yehui Chang ◽  
Max J. Suarez ◽  
Philip J. Pegion
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
The West ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract In this study the authors examine the impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on precipitation events over the continental United States using 49 winters (1949/50–1997/98) of daily precipitation observations and NCEP–NCAR reanalyses. The results are compared with those from an ensemble of nine atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations forced with observed SST for the same time period. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of the daily precipitation fields together with compositing techniques are used to identify and characterize the weather systems that dominate the winter precipitation variability. The time series of the principal components (PCs) associated with the leading EOFs are analyzed using generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions to quantify the impact of ENSO on the intensity of extreme precipitation events. The six leading EOFs of the observations are associated with major winter storm systems and account for more than 50% of the daily precipitation variability along the West Coast and over much of the eastern part of the country. Two of the leading EOFs (designated GC for Gulf Coast and EC for East Coast) together represent cyclones that develop in the Gulf of Mexico and occasionally move and/or redevelop along the East Coast producing large amounts of precipitation over much of the southern and eastern United States. Three of the leading EOFs represent storms that hit different sections of the West Coast (designated SW for Southwest coast, WC for the central West Coast, and NW for northwest coast), while another represents storms that affect the Midwest (designated by MW). The winter maxima of several of the leading PCs are significantly impacted by ENSO such that extreme GC, EC, and SW storms that occur on average only once every 20 years (20-yr storms) would occur on average in half that time under sustained El Niño conditions. In contrast, under La Niña conditions, 20-yr GC and EC storms would occur on average about once in 30 years, while there is little impact of La Niña on the intensity of the SW storms. The leading EOFs from the model simulations and their connections to ENSO are for the most part quite realistic. The model, in particular, does very well in simulating the impact of ENSO on the intensity of EC and GC storms. The main model discrepancies are the lack of SW storms and an overall underestimate of the daily precipitation variance.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in West Coast Region of The Gambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-592
Author(s):  
Alphonsus Isara ◽  
Aru-Kumba Baldeh
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The West ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoea ◽  
Coast Region

Background: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) are the second most common cause of healthy life years lost by women in the 15 – 44 years age group in Africa. Aim/Objective: To determine the prevalence of STIs among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) clinics in the West Coast Region of The Gambia. Materials and Methods: Blood, urine, and high vaginal swabs samples from 280 pregnant women attending ANC in Brika- ma District Hospital, Brikama, and Bandung Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Bandung were examined. Serum samples were tested for HIV using western blot technique and for syphilis using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test, and rapid plasma regimen. Candida albicans, Group B Streptococcus and Neisseria gonorrhoea were identified using Analytical Profile Index (API). Direct urine microscopy was used to identify C. albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis while Chlamydia trachomatis was identified using Direct Fluorescent Antibody (DFA) test. Results: The overall prevalence of STIs was 53.6%. The pathogenic agents isolated were Candida albicans (31.8%), Strep- tococcus agalactiae (15.0%), Treponema pallidum (6.8%), HIV (5.7%), Trichomonas vaginalis (3.9%), Neisseria gonorrhoea (1.8%) and Chlamydia trachomatis (0.7%). STIs were more prevalent among women in the younger age group of 15 – 24 years (54.7%), unemployed (54.0%), Primipara (62.3%), and in the third trimester of pregnancy (72.7%). Conclusion: A high prevalence of STIs was found among pregnant women attending ANC in the West Coast region of The Gambia. Public health intervention programmes should be strengthened to promote the sexual and reproductive health of pregnant women in The Gambia. Keywords: Sexually transmitted infections; pregnant women; antenatal clinics; The Gambia.

RESEARCH ON PREMATURE INFANTS—SOME PERSPECTIVES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325
Author(s):  
S. Z. LEVINE
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
West Coast ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Good Friend ◽  
The West ◽  
Clinical Research Center ◽  
Principle Investigator ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Many

THERE ARE A number of reasons why I appreciate deeply your invitation to join in these dedication exercises of the Clinical Research Center for Premature Infants. This Center for the care and study of premature infants extends to the West Coast a field of study in which I, on the East Coast, have been interested for many years. Equally gratifying is the circumstance that it will have Dr. Norman Kretchmer, my long-time colleague and good friend, as its Principle Investigator; and Dr. Sumner Yaffe, his distinguished associate, as its first Program Director. Under their direction and with a team of competent workers, with splendid facilities and an adequate budget, we are assured of imaginative exploration and new approaches to the many unknowns still awaiting solution.

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