scholarly journals A Comparison Study of Performance Efficiency of Lead-Acid Batteries Available in the Iraqi Markets.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.37) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Hussein H. Hamed ◽  
Iman H. Zainulabdeen ◽  
Samko Sh. Raheem ◽  
Awad E. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

Batteries consider the major important devices for energy storage based on converting the chemical energy to electrical energy. Different types of batteries are available working in different efficiencies. In this work the performance efficiency of five types of batteries available in the Iraqi were assessed. Different operating variables such as Battery Type (Akko, Raggie, Aswar, Terminator, and Hongdeng), Temperature (20, 25, 35, 45, 55, and 65˚C), and Charging Time (24, 48, and 72 hr) were studied the impact of these on the performance efficiency of each battery type. According to the results obtained in this study, maximum performance efficiency achieved was 7.2 V at optimum operating variables are (temperature 20˚C), and (charging time 48 hr). Furthermore, a computer was used with Data Logger to be connected with batteries. Finally, the most stable type and resistance to operating conditions was Aswar type in the first rank and Hongdeng type in the last rank.  

Optimization of leachate treatment using persulfate/H2O2 based advanced oxidation process: case study: Deir El-Balah Landfill Site, Gaza Strip, Palestine

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed H. Hilles ◽  
Salem S. Abu Amr ◽  
Rim A. Hussein ◽  
Anwar I. Arafa ◽  
Olfat D. El-Sebaie
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
N Removal

The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of employing H2O2 reagent in persulfate activation to treat stabilized landfill leachate. A central composite design (CCD) with response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the relationships between operating variables, such as persulfate and H2O2 dosages, pH, and reaction time, to identify the optimum operating conditions. Quadratic models for the following two responses proved to be significant with very low probabilities (<0.0001): chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH3-N removal. The obtained optimum conditions included a reaction time of 116 min, 4.97 g S2O82−, 7.29 g H2O2 dosage and pH 11. The experimental results were corresponding well with predicted models (COD and NH3-N removal rates of 81% and 83%, respectively). The results obtained in the stabilized leachate treatment were compared with those from other treatment processes, such as persulfate only and H2O2 only, to evaluate its effectiveness. The combined method (i.e., /S2O82−/H2O2) achieved higher removal efficiencies for COD and NH3-N compared with other studied applications.

Operating Conditions and System Considerations for a Reversible Solid Oxide Cell System for Electrical Energy Storage

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Wendel ◽  
Pejman Kazempoor ◽  
Robert J. Braun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
System Level ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Electrical Energy Storage

Electrical energy storage (EES) is an important component of the future electric grid. Given that no other widely available technology meets all the EES requirements, reversible (or regenerative) solid oxide cells (ReSOCs) working in both fuel cell (power producing) and electrolysis (fuel producing) modes are envisioned as a technology capable of providing highly efficient and cost-effective EES. However, there are still many challenges from cell materials development to system level operation of ReSOCs that should be addressed before widespread application. One particular challenge of this novel system is establishing effective thermal management strategies to maintain the high conversion efficiency of the ReSOC. The system presented in this paper employs a thermal management strategy of promoting exothermic methanation in the ReSOC stack to offset the endothermic electrolysis reactions during charging mode (fuel producing) while also enhancing the energy density of the stored gases. Modeling and parametric analysis of an energy storage concept is performed using a thermodynamic system model coupled with a physically based ReSOC stack model. Results indicate that roundtrip efficiencies greater than 70% can be achieved at intermediate stack temperature (∼680°C) and pressure (∼20 bar). The optimal operating conditions result from a tradeoff between high stack efficiency and high parasitic balance of plant power.

scholarly journals Inorganic carbon removal from refinery wastewater by using TiO2/ZnO/Fenton photocatalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-225
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Solar Photocatalyst ◽  
Quadratic Models

The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of the solar photocatalyst of TiO2/ZnO/Fenton process to treat the refinery wastewater and remove inorganic carbon (IC) which potentially toxic to human, aquatic and microorganism life. Central composite design with response surface methodology was used to evaluate the relationships between operating variables for TiO2 dosage, ZnO dosage, Fe2+ dosage, H2O2 dosage, and pH to identify the optimum operating conditions. Quadratic models for inorganic carbon (IC) removal and residual iron prove to be significant with low probabilities (<0.0001). The (IC) removal rates and residual iron correspond well with the predicted models. The maximum removal rate for IC and residual iron was 92.3% and 0.013, respectively at optimum operational conditions of a TiO2 dosage (0.3 g/l), ZnO dosage (0.58 g/l), Fe2+ dosage (0.02 g/l), H2O2 dosage (2.7 g/l), and pH (7). The treatment process achieved higher degradation efficiencies for IC and reduced the treatment time comparing with other related processes.

scholarly journals Case Studies for Non-Detection of Islanding by Grid-Connected In-Parallel Photovoltaic and Electrical Energy Storage Systems Inverters

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 817
Author(s):  
Jong Lim ◽  
Hye Hwang ◽  
Woo Shin ◽  
Hyung-Jun Song ◽  
Young-Chul Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Islanding Detection ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Electrical Energy Storage ◽  
Grid Connection

In Korea, there is a rule for Renewable Energy Certification with weighting 5.0, to expand grid linkage capacity and to improve the stability of the grid to accommodate photovoltaic (PV) systems in a distributed power system. Due to this rule, many power companies and operators are trying to install electrical energy storage systems that are able to operate in conjunction with PV system power. These systems operate in parallel at the same grid connection point. This paper presents the results of case studies on the failure to detect islanding operation. Test evaluation devices that could be bi-directionally charged and discharged were implemented for an islanding detection test. Testing was conducted under a variety of operating conditions. When a single inverter was operated under the islanding condition, it was stably stopped within 0.5 s using the Korean grid-code standard. However, when two inverters were operated at the same time under the islanding condition, islanding detection failed and the two inverters continued to feed the connected RLC (resistor, inductor, capacitor) loads in the isolated section known as an island. Different algorithms used by PCS (power conversion system) manufacturers to detect islanding might cause this phenomenon. Therefore, it is necessary for a new PCS test standard to detect islanding.

scholarly journals An Influence of Factors of Flow Condition, Particle and Material Properties on Slurry Erosion Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Buszko ◽  
A. K. Krella
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Impact Angle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Slurry Erosion ◽  
Particle Properties ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Degradation Of Materials ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe degradation of materials due to slurry erosion is the serious problem which occurs in the power industries. The paper presents actual knowledge about an influence of individual factors connected with flow conditions, particles and material properties on the slurry erosion resistance. Among the factors connected with operating conditions, an influence of impact angle, and velocity of impact, particle concertation and liquid temperature have been described. In case of the factors connected with solid particle properties, an influence of the size, shape and hardness have been discussed. In the part devoted to the impact of material properties, due to different types of materials, the issues of resistance to erosion of slurries related to the properties of steel, ceramics and polymers are discussed separately. In the paper has been shown that a change of any of mentioned factors causes a change in the erosion rate due to the synergistic effects that accompany to slurry degradation.

Off-Design of a Pumped Thermal Energy Storage Based on Closed Brayton Cycles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Francesco Frate ◽  
Luigia Paternostro ◽  
Lorenzo Ferrari ◽  
Umberto Desideri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
Thermodynamical Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The growth of renewable energy source requires reliable, durable and cheap storage technologies. In this field, the Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES), is drawing some interest as it appears not to be affected by geographical limitations and use very cheap materials. PTES is less efficient than pumped hydro and batteries, but it could achieve satisfactory efficiencies, show better economic performance and be characterized by negligible environmental impacts. A PTES stores the electric energy as thermal exergy in solid packed beds, by operating two closed Brayton cycles, one for charging and the other one for discharging. Although PTES thermodynamical behavior is well understood, the interaction between the components is rarely investigated. This study investigates the impact of packed-bed behavior on turbomachines operating conditions. In this way, PTES off-design and part-load performance are estimated. A control strategy especially suited for closed Brayton cycles, i.e. the inventory control, is used to control the system. As it resulted, PTES is characterized by an excellent part-load performance, which might be a significant advantage over the competing technologies. However, the off-design operation induced by the packed-bed thermal behavior might significantly reduce the system performance and, in particular, that of the discharge phase.

scholarly journals Optimum Operating Conditions of (PbxX1−x)(ZryTizY1−y−z) Piezoelectric Transducer for Vibrational Energy Harvesting Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Funda Demir ◽  
Mustafa Anutgan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducer ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy Production

The electrical energy production capability of bimorph (PbxX1-x)(ZryTizY1-y-z) fiber composite piezoelectric transducer has been investigated for energy harvesting applications. The material has been analyzed under different frequencies, bending amounts, and temperatures. The operating conditions for maximum electrical energy outcome have been determined. The natural frequencies of oscillations in the macro dimensions have been found to be inversely proportional to the length of the material. On the other hand, the voltage output with respect to the oscillation frequency exhibits an interesting behavior such that the characteristic curve shifts to higher frequencies as the bending radius is decreased. This behavior has been interpreted as a result of possible overtone transitions of the oscillations to a stiffer mode. The increasing temperature has been observed to have a negative effect on the piezoelectric energy harvesting property. When the determined optimum conditions were utilized, the amount of electrical energy stored in 6300 s by an energy harvester circuitry has been found to be 0.8 J.

scholarly journals Assessment of Electricity Decarbonization Scenarios for New Zealand and Great Britain using a Plant Dispatch and Electrical Energy Storage Modelling Framework

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2799
Author(s):  
Andrew Crossland ◽  
Keith Scoles ◽  
Allen Wang ◽  
Chris Groves ◽  
Susan Sun
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Electrical Energy Storage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Electricity Systems

This paper proposes a methodology to assess the impact of alternative electricity generation and energy storage scenarios for meeting electricity demand on a national level. The method combines real and synthetic electricity generation and demand data to investigate different decarbonization strategies using solar and wind generation and electrical energy storage. This method is applied to provide relevant case studies for two geographically similar electricity systems in New Zealand and Great Britain. Newly available solar and wind data sets at hourly resolution are used within this method for these systems to assess the potential contribution of these technologies and as such, to refresh understanding of the impact of these technologies on decarbonization strategies against historical and future demand patterns. Although wind, solar and storage technologies are found to reduce the carbon emissions in both electricity systems, a key result is quantifying the impact this has on traditional generation as a backup resource. In New Zealand an investment in wind and solar equivalent to less than 15% of the wind/solar capacity in Great Britain is found to (i) reduce fossil fuel use to less than 2% of annual electricity generation requirements in the data assessed and (ii) remove the need for continuous operation of fossil fuel plants. Further, it is shown that existing hydro storage potential could be used to create near complete decarbonization of New Zealand electricity

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