scholarly journals Zakat and the Concept of Ownership in Islam: Yusuf Qaradawi’s Perspective on Islamic Economics

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-385
Author(s):  
Euis Nurlaelawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Islamic Insurance

Looking at the two functions of ownership which include the individual and social, Qaradawi explores such a relationship and analyzes its implication for social justice. Zakat has multiple functions: the religious, economic, and social. It constitutes the earliest concept of mutual social responsibility proposed by Islam to achieve social justice. Zakat serves as a means to both guarantee social security and strengthen social solidarity. From this perspective, Qaradawi moves forward to link up the concept of zakat with the Islamic system of economics. The linkage between zakat and the Islamic system of economics is visible in the ways Qaradawi investigates various aspects of ownership and zakat in Islam. This can particularly be seen in his analysis that the concept of Islamic insurance coheres with the interpretation of al-gharimin, one of the groups deserving to the income of zakat and in his emphasis that mutual social responsibility, which aims to fulfill the needs of adequate livelihood, can be supplied only by zakat. This article argues that these views in turn confirm Qaradawi’s concern with the importance of zakat as the foundation of both the social and economic systems of Islam. This article also emphasizes that, for Qaradawi, different from voluntary charity that can only fulfill the minimum requirement of the needs of livelihood, zakat can supply the answer to cover all the needs of livelihood of Muslim society.

scholarly journals RE-DEFINING CRIME IN MORAL DISCOURSE AND SOCIAL SECURITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Shipunova
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Moral Discourse ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
The Social ◽  
Decent Life

The author connects further study of the problems of social security with the need to redefine crime. The article deals with the transformation of ideas about crime and the appeal of modern researchers to the idea of understanding it in moral discourse. The author supports and develops further the thesis about the need to use the concept of «ethical minimum», which should be used in assessing the activities of the main subjects of social security. Violation of the principle of social justice in its instrumental meaning is considered as the main criterion for assessment. Those norms, laws, measures implemented by various subjects of social security that support the foundations of a decent life for people in society will be socially just. If this principle is ignored, “gray zones” of social security arise, in which there are increased risks of violation of the “ethical minimum”. The article also discusses the issue of separating such violations from completely understandable and explainable errors and management deficiencies that are difficult to avoid in situations of increased risks. Violations of the “ethical minimum” in the “gray zones” of social security, in contrast to a criminal offense, should receive an independent public assessment based on the methodology for studying the social responsibility of all agents important for ensuring the protection of the population.

scholarly journals Conceptualization of Christian Religious Attitudes in Socio-Psychological and World-View Contexts

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
Olha Palahnyuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
World View ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Religious Attitudes ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Christian Morality ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

In the conditions of systemic social, and at the same time personal crisis, accompanied by values relativization, the issue of searching the ways out of this state is actualized in the scientific discourse. Overcoming the crisis depends largely on a person who is able consciously to take responsibility for the actions in the living space, which is created primarily by the personal interactions. Therefore, the social responsibility problem, its formation factors, impact on personal and psychosocial maturity has become significantly relevant in the context of social psychology and at the interdisciplinary level. At the same time, the current socio-political situation in the country, accompanied by military conflict, complex processes of civil society development require an active social, civic, politically responsible position of citizens, especially young people that is socio-demographic group, which acts as a «barometer» of socio-economic and the political state of society and, despite the particular opportunities expansion for self-determination and individual development, it is experiencing spiritual devastation, selfishness, infantilism. The latter leads to the deformation of the youth normative and valuable sphere and require the specialists’ close attention. Thus, the aim of our study is a comprehensive theoretical and methodological analysis and conceptualization of Christian religious beliefs in socio-psychological and philosophical contexts as a factor in developing the social responsibility of the individual. The problem of social responsibility is closely related to the development in moral and ideological spheres of personality, an important component of which is the attitude as willingness to social activity and responsibility as a result of these actions. The social attitudes analysis identifies those related to religious spirituality and Christian morality i.e. Christian religious attitudes that express personal position, conscious state of being, active human attitude to the world in general and in particular to their self-realization. Based on a comprehensive analysis, it is determined that Christian religious attitudes in socio-psychological and worldview contexts are ideological attitudes that are the need and willingness to treat and act to people, events, phenomena, life, God considering the Christian morality based on faith and love to God and neighbour. In addition, they can / should be perceived as internal restraints: not freedom, but pseudo-freedom (permissiveness) and act as a natural law of conscience, the desire for the highest, the moral intuition of man.

Income Tax in Relation to Social Security

1946 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Haynes ◽  
R. J. Kirton
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Tax System ◽  
The Social ◽  
System Part ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Financial Relationship

This paper falls into three parts which form a progressive study involvingI. proposals for the reform of the Income Tax system as related to personal assessments,II. consideration of the interrelation of Income Tax and Social Security,III. proposals for the co-ordination of the Income Tax and Social Security systems.Part I of this progressive study is a plea for a business-like administration of the Income Tax system. Part II examines the combined effect upon the individual of the Income Tax system and the Social Security plan proposed by Sir William Beveridge. Part III sets out to co-ordinate Income Tax and Social Security and to simplify the financial relationship between the individual and the community.

scholarly journals Sailing the seven seas

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-216
Author(s):  
Gijsbert Vonk
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Member States ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
The Social ◽  
Security Relations ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of this final contribution is to offer a broad schematic overview of ‘mechanisms’ that can be used to strengthen the social security protection of persons moving in and out of the EU. Seven mechanisms have been selected for discussion: national unilateral standards, EU unilateral standards, bilateral agreements, EU coordination of bilateral agreements, EU third country agreements, multilateral co-operation and global standards. The existence of this plethora of mechanisms, each with its own merits and shortcomings, casts a shadow over the possibility of a uniform EU regime for external social security relations. Any attempt to introduce such an approach can immediately be contradicted by alternative approaches and mechanisms which can be used both by the EU and by the individual Member States. It is suggested that more coherence in external EU social security coordination can perhaps be found in a conceptual way, by layering the seven mechanisms in a logical manner.

William Fremantle, Samuel Barnett and the Broad Church Origins of Toynbee Hall

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Nettleship
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
The Poor ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Contemporaries and historians alike have regarded the 1880s as a watershed in Victorian thought. They have argued that before the 1880s the well-to-do held firmly to a belief in Political Economy and attributed economic success to the high moral character and hard work of the individual. By the 1880s these beliefs had begun to waver, and many who had themselves prospered from the new economic system began to question its assumptions and develop a sense of responsibility toward those beneath them in the social order. One institution which seems to represent this change is Toynbee Hall, the first English settlement house, founded in 1884. Headed by a middle-class clergyman, Samuel Barnett, staffed by well-educated and well-to-do volunteers and dedicated to bringing education and culture to the poor, it seems to be an example, par excellence, of the newly heightened middle-class social conscience typical of the 1880s.2 But close examination reveals that the origins of Toynbee Hall date back to the 1870s, to the broad church orientation and parish practices of Samuel Barnett. Rooted in his modest day-to-day pastoral work rather than in new concepts of social justice, Toynbee Hall raises the question of whether in fact the 1880s constitute a great divide in Victorian thought or a period of continuation, expansion and institutionalisation of earlier ideas and practices.

Redistribution under the Social Security benefit formula at the individual and household levels, 1992 and 2004

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN L. GUSTMAN ◽  
THOMAS L. STEINMEIER ◽  
NAHID TABATABAI
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Social Security Benefit ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Earning ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

AbstractStudies using data from the early 1990s suggested that while the progressive Social Security benefit formula succeeded in redistributing benefits from individuals with high earnings to individuals with low earnings, it was much less successful in redistributing benefits from households with high earnings to households with low earnings. Wives often earned much less than their husbands. As a result, much of the redistribution at the individual level was effectively from high earning husbands to their own lower earning wives. In addition, spouse and survivor benefits accrue disproportionately to women from high income households. Both factors mitigate redistribution at the household level. It has been argued that with the increase in the labor force participation and earnings of women, Social Security now should do a better job of redistributing benefits at the household level. To be sure, when we compare outcomes for a cohort with a household member age 51 to 56 in 1992 with those from a cohort born twelve years later, redistribution at the household level has increased over time. Nevertheless, as of 2004 there still is substantially less redistribution of benefits from high to low earning households than from high to low earning individuals.

scholarly journals Social security of the individual and technological determinism: human dialectics, science and technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 05016
Author(s):  
Andrey Shilovtsev ◽  
Natalia Sorokina ◽  
Konstantin Stozhko ◽  
Dmitry Stozhko ◽  
Jose Luis Lopez Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Technological Determinism ◽  
Social Instability ◽  
Modern Engineering ◽  
The Social ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual

The aim of the study is to assess the multidimensional nature of the relationship between the social security of the individual and the new technical and technological reality. Using the example of the dialectics of science and technology, the noosphere and the technosphere, the article reveals the nature and features of such interrelations in the conditions of modern globalism, a new scientific and technological revolution and the transition of society to a new technological order. An analysis of the concepts of “transhumanism”, “posthuman” and a number of other terms is given, as well as the results of modern discussions of the problem under study. The article substantiates the idea that effective management of the modern technosphere is associated with the preservation of the basic traditional value foundations of society’s existence, which made it possible to create modern engineering and technology and which are able to provide the necessary dynamic balance between science and technology in the face of steadily growing social instability, uncertainty and risks.

scholarly journals Narration Based On Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Advertisement: The Projection and Story

Nirmana ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-120
Author(s):  
Natalia Widiasari
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Side ◽  
The Body Shop ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Company

Advertising plays an important role in narrating the social side of a company which is often referred to as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Corporate social campaigns are often seen as dubious, however, audiences as individuals interpret advertisements based on their values and experiences. TBSI (The Body Shop Indonesia) advertisements were conceptualized and analyzed using narrative transportation. Interviews are conducted with nine informants from various backgrounds. The results of the study are described in themes, namely (1) insight, (2) the relationship between CSR messages and the participant's value system, and (3) narrative responses to CSR advertisements. The result of the study states that advertising does not necessarily make the value from a social issue to be embedded or instilled in someone. Narrative and commitment to these values depend on the individual, person by person.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document