scholarly journals Minority Right to Attend Religious Education in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Raihani Raihani

<p class="abstrak">In 2003, Indonesian government issued a new education law in which one of the articles (Article 12) states that student has the right to access religion class in school in accordance with his or her religion by teachers who share the faith. This particular article has a legal ramification that school --state and private-- by law must provide corresponding Religion Classes (RC) for each religious group of students in order to fulfil their very human basic right to access to and observe their religious and cultural teaching and practices. This paper presents findings of four different school case studies on the problem of access to RC by religious minority in schools in Indonesia. Minority in this paper refers to religious groups that are either numeric minority or subordinate majority at the micro school level, not in the macro national population. This paper argues that numeric minority in any context (micro or macro) is vulnerable to discrimination by the dominating majority when the law of social relations is not fairly implemented. The findings suggest that the right of religious minority groups in three of the four schools to access proper RC is stifled, particularly to access equal learning facilities. Numeric religious minority groups in these schools suffer from powerlessness. One case, however, demonstrates that the positional power of minority group reverses this logic of minority-powerlessness and puts the religious majority students in a subordinate position.</p><p class="abstrak">[Tahun 2003, pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan Undang-Undang Pendidikan yang pada pasal 12 menyatakan bahwa siswa mempunyai hak terhadap pelajaran agama di sekolah dengan guru yang mengajar sesuai dengan agamanya. Pasal ini mempunyai konsekuensi bahwa sekolah, baik swasta atau pun negeri, harus menyediakan kelas agama untuk setiap kelompok siswa untuk mendapatkan hak dasarnya guna melaksanakan agama dan ajarannya. Artikel ini menampilkan hasil penelitian dari empat sekolah dengan studi kasus pada persoalan kelas agama bagi kelompok minoritas. Istilah minoritas di sini merujuk pada kelompok agama yang sedikit jumlahnya atau kelompok kecil pada sekolah, bukan pada level nasional. Tulisan ini menegaskan bahwa minoritas pada konteks mikro atau makro sangat rentan terhadap perlakuan diskriminasi oleh kelompok mayoritas ketika hukum social tidak sepenuhnya dijalankan. Penemuan ini menegaskan bahwa hak keagamaan minoritas dalam tiga dari empat sekolah terganggu, terutama yang terkait dengan hak fasilitas belajar. Beberapa kelompok minoritas pada sekolah tersebut tak berdaya. Namun, satu kasus menunjukkan bahwa kondisi minoritas berbalik, justru  kelompok mayoritas yang menjadi subordinasi.]</p>

ULUMUNA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-278
Author(s):  
Cahyo Pamungkas

This research conceptually aims to find out the strategy the Shia community in Sidoarjo, East Java, and Ahmadiyya community in Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, have employed to defend themselves from the pressure of the state and Sunni Muslim as majority group due to the differences in textual interpretation toward Islamic Holy Scriptures (The Qur’an). The theoretical implication from this study is to evaluate and criticize social resilience concept which refers to developmentalistic perspectives such as the use of social capital. In this article, social resilience is closely related to strategy of minorities to establish a tolerant multi religious community. This study argues that social resilience of religious minority groups, i.e. Shia in Sidoarjo and Ahmadiyya in Mataram, is formed by various aspects, such as the government policies on religious life, history of group formation, social relations and network, understanding towards religious values and spirituality, and cultural bonds in the community. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v19i2.418


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Ngestirosa EWK

Power Rangers is a 2017 superhero movie that was previously known in Power Rangers film series. Power Rangers attracts consumers of all ages and backgrounds, and it quickly becomes the box office in the world. This movie gets some critics and controversial responds. The urgency of this study is to respond the controversial issues toward the movie considered harmful for children. My aim to have this study is to expose some important issues which relate to minority groups. The study ascertains minority voices perceived as right equality issue despite many negative issues lingering this movie. This issue links to liberties which include freedom of life stated in US Bill of Human Right. This study applies popular literature approach and Hall representation theory. Research result shows the minority voice that reveals the positive image of minority group such as the powerful and independent individual. It also portrays, courage, confidence, humanities, cares and love, friendship and team working, trust and support, justice and anti-bullying. Those issues are gathered in the scenes from the image: the acceptance of color people and the right of LGBT represented by some characters.      


Author(s):  
Muktiono Muktiono ◽  
Moh. Bakri ◽  
Masruchin Ruba’i ◽  
Muchamad Ali Safa’at

The establishment and application of blasphemy law in Indonesia is generally under the justification of maintaining public order, preventing violent-conflict, and protecting the enjoyment of the right to freedom of religion. However, when the blasphemy law should be applied to adjudicate an internal religious conflict among the sects then the debate arises on whose interpretation and how it will be referred by the State authorities as demarcation or exclusionary standard to distinguish between the deviant religion and legally valid ones. Issues on the fragility of fair and impartial trial as protection to the existence of religious minority group therefore becomes very central due to the implementation and application of blasphemy law will be always influenced by power relation among the involved parties. This paper is intended to explore Tajul Muluk case that has been exhaustively ruled by all level of Indonesian courts in order to reveal complex roles of judiciary in applying service-conception of blasphemy law into first-order reason of person’s faith. Source-based legal reason of the court which merely refers to the historical or social facts as texted in the blasphemy law with prejudice to human rights’ moral test has been paradoxically widen penumbra of legal rule to uncertainty that undermines access to justice for religious minority group especially when addressing social conflict.


2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olgun Akbulut ◽  
Zeynep Oya Usal

AbstractDespite parents having primary responsibility, it remains the State's duty to ensure its citizens' education. The orientation of the State's education can be secular can religious; however, the State – having the discretion on curriculum – should comply with human rights principles by promoting pluralism and refraining from indoctrination. In this respect, discussions around religious education have been, and are, highly controversial. This has especially been the case for countries such as Turkey, which have pronounced religious minority groups in their territories. In this regard, the Alevis of Turkey, as the largest religious minority in the country, have been the main actors of a long lasting legal struggle to strive for respect for their freedom of religion as well as parental religious convictions. This article aims to answer to what extent Alevis in Turkey can assert their parental right to religious education through invoking international human rights law, particularly under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vanessa Haggie

<p>Hate speech legislation involves a fundamental conflict with the right to freedom of expression. However, it is a conflict that can be justified in a constitutional framework in which free speech is not paramount and can be balanced against other rights and freedoms. This paper discusses the concept of “hate speech” legislation, the conflict between freedom of expression and hate speech censorship, and ways in which these seemingly-incompatible concepts might be harmonised. It considers, drawing on legislation and case law from other jurisdictions, and in light of the Marriage (Definition of Marriage) Amendment Act 2013, the possibility of extending such legislation to protect gender and sexual minorities in New Zealand, and suggests a potential framework for such legislative change. Any provision concerning hate speech must avoid overreaching into the realm of free expression. As a result, ‘hate speech’ should be clearly defined and narrowly focussed in scope, as words or matter which “exposes or tends to expose to hatred or contempt” the minority group at which the protection is aimed. In New Zealand’s constitutional/rights framework, this limitation on freedom of expression can be justified as reasonable and appropriate. While hate speech legislation does create a conflict with freedom of expression, to protect hate speech at the risk of perpetuating harm, discrimination, marginalisation and silencing is not appropriate. It sends the message that the voice of hate speakers is worth more than that of minorities, and undervalues the dignity and social assurance of those minority groups as valued members of society.</p>


Penamas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Aji Sofanudin

This study aims to review the results of the research by The Office of Religious Research and Development Semarang about The Implementation of Religious Education in Minority Group. The research findings show that although the regulation of religious education services for minority groups has a strong foundation but in its implementation not all schools can serve religious education for minority groups. Based on the study it was found that (1) there were schools that provided all of religious education services according to the students needs;(2) there are schools that only provide one religious education service, and (3) there are also schools that provide a portion of minority religious education services. Judging from the suitability of religious education services with regulations found there are still those that are not in accordance with PMA Number 16 of 2010.


Author(s):  
Teuku Kemal Fasya

This study examines the understanding of the concept of diversity (pluralism and multiculturalism) in the city of Banda Aceh; the capital city of Aceh Province which is now more than 800 years old. Can the city be classified as a diversity-friendly city as it is embedded for Pematang Siantar, Manado, Kupang, or Bali, which are among the most diversity friendly regions and are tolerant to other religions and beliefs? This study adopts socio-qualitative with an ethnographic approach to present arguments about the diversity in the city of Banda Aceh. The analytical instrument seeks to empathize with Banda Aceh's value of inductivity, as well as its "particularistic" dimension so that it can be understood emphatically. This article seeks to test the hypothesis of whether or not Banda Aceh City government has sufficiently promoted the culture of minority groups, not only protecting them from violence and granting the right to live and do business. By using observation and in-depth interview techniques, this paper also shows the enigmatic side of minority groups, including the exclusion of “subaltern” groups: the weakest minority and can be called the minority of the minorities. The most apparant of this minority group is the Chinese gets a wider portion of the discussion, compared to other minorities. This is because of the complexity that this community enjoys which shapes their lives with other minority groups and builds the concept of encounters with local communities in Banda Aceh. The diversity values of this city experienced a dynamic change. In the last fifteen years, the diversity was best promoted in the city of Banda Aceh during the governance period of Mawardy Nurdin who served as mayor of Banda Aceh from 2007-2014.


2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 324-356
Author(s):  
Nina Schroeder

Abstract This paper considers the artist Arnold Houbraken (1660–1719) as an unconventional Christian and sheds new light on his representation of artists from religious minority groups in his Great Theatre of Netherlandish Painters and Painteresses (1718–1721). By exploring Houbraken’s years within the Flemish Mennonite milieu in Dordrecht (1660–ca. 1685) and investigating his representation of religious difference in his biographies within The Great Theatre, this study extends scholarship on Houbraken beyond the current focus on his later years as a writer in Amsterdam, and it offers findings on the experience and reception history of nonconformists and religious minority group members, like the spiritualist David Joris and the Mennonite martyr Jan Woutersz van Cuyck (among others), within the Dutch art world. The paper also addresses the historiographical disconnect between literature in the disciplines of art history, intellectual history, and history of religion that persisted until very recently regarding Houbraken’s status as a heterodox Enlightenment thinker.


2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 411-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asaf Malchi ◽  
Guy Ben-Porat

Purpose Religious minority groups often enjoy strong support systems and high levels of trust, providing for volunteering within the community, but under what conditions are members of these groups likely to volunteer outside their community? Or, would they prefer the security, intimacy and commitment to their own communities. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach To answer this question, the authors examine the motivations of ultra-Orthodox young men who volunteered for National Civil Service in Israel, and compare the choices of volunteer frameworks: separatist-religious volunteering within the community compared to volunteering in secular institutions outside the community. Findings The authors associate the interest and motivations with different types of social capital, “bonding” and “bridging.” Research limitations/implications Research based on one case study. Practical implications Guidelines for encouraging volunteering among closed groups. Social implications Understanding of motivations and concerns among religious groups. Originality/value An original study of a relatively new phenomenon.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Sezai Kocabas ◽  
Burhan Ozfidan ◽  
Lynn M. Burlbaw

One of the most important goals of education is to ensure the quality of teaching and learning. Sense of teacher’s self-efficacy affects the quality throughout the contribution to all stakeholders in educational process. The right of religious education is one of the essential rights in the world. Moreover, it has positive effect on the society by helping to improve social relationship. Therefore, teacher self-efficacy belief based on religious groups is critical for stakeholders in religious education as well as other fields. The purpose of this study is to construct an instrument to measure teachers’ sense of self-efficacy related to teaching compulsory K-12 theology courses. The result of the study indicates that the teacher self-efficacy scale towards religious groups is valid and reliable instrument. The instrument is going to be useful to look to peaceful future with confidence.


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