scholarly journals Immunopathological mechanisms of toxic damage to the liver, thymus and spleen

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Z Shafigullina ◽  
I Danilova
Keyword(s):  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Spleen Tissue ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Toxic Damage ◽  
Structural Disorders ◽  
Ccl4 Administration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Toxic Liver Damage

Objective: to establish the features of the immune response in the early stages of diffuse toxic damage. Materials and methods. Diffuse toxic liver damage of male Wistar rats was caused by a single intraperitoneal injection of an oil solution of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at a dose of 50 mg/100 g. Animals were carried out from the experiment on days 3, 7 and 14. The study included hematological and histological analysis, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of liver, thymus and spleen tissues, quantitative evaluation of CD3+, CD45RA+ (T-and B-lymphocytes), F4/80+ (macrophages), and HSP70+-cells. Results. CCl4 administration has been shown to cause structural disorders of liver, thymus, and spleen tissue. In the early stages, there is an increase in CD3+-cells in the liver and spleen, while CD45RA+-cells predominating in the thymus. On the 3rd day after CCl4 administration, the number of F4/80+-cells in the liver increases by 56.7%, in the thymus and spleen by 21% and 19.3%, respectively, there is also an increase in the number of HSP70+-cells roughly 2 times in the liver and thymus, and by 7 times in the spleen. Conclusion. Hepatotropic poison CCl4 causes damage not only the liver but the organs of immunopoesis. In the early stages of exposure to the toxicant the predominant population is T-lymphocytes (CD3+-cells) in the liver and spleen, and B – lymphocytes (CD45RA+-cells) in the thymus. In all the studied organs, the number of macrophages increases on the 3rd day of the experiment, and significantly decreases at the later term. This fact indicates that macrophages act as a target of toxic effects. The increase in the number of HSP70+-cells in the liver, thymus, and spleen in response to toxic damage is likely aimed at triggering the repair or elimination of denatured proteins that are toxic to the cell.

Mechanism Involved in Fortification by Berberine in CDDP-Induced Nephrotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin K. Verma ◽  
Salma Malik ◽  
Ekta Mutneja ◽  
Anil K. Sahu ◽  
Kumari Rupashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: The activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway has been shown to protect against cisplatin- induced nephrotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress. Berberine (Ber), an isoquinoline alkaloid, has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities in various experimental models. Aim: To check the effect of Ber on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and to explore the involved mechanism. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: Normal, cisplatin-control, treatment groups and per se group. Normal saline and Ber (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg; p.o.) was administered to rats for 10 days. A single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (8 mg/kg) was injected on 7th day to induced nephrotoxicity. On 10th day, rats were sacrificed, the kidney was removed and stored for the estimation of various parameters. Results: As compared to cisplatin-control group, Ber pretreatment improved renal function system and preserved renal architecture. It also diminished oxidative stress by upregulating the expression of Nrf2/HO-1 proteins. In addition, Ber attenuated the cisplatin mediated inflammation and apoptosis. Furthermore, it also reduced the phosphorylation of p38/JNK and PARP/Beclin-1 expression in the kidney. Conclusion: Ber attenuated renal injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibiting JNK/p38MAPKs/ PARP/Beclin-1 expression which prevented oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy in renal tissue.

Cocos nucifera L. oil alleviates lead acetate-induced reproductive toxicity in sexually-matured male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olugbemi T. Olaniyan ◽  
Olakunle A. Ojewale ◽  
Ayobami Dare ◽  
Olufemi Adebayo ◽  
Joseph E. Enyojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

Abstract Objectives Lead primarily affects male reproductive functions via hormonal imbalance and morphological damage to the testicular tissue with significant alteration in sperm profile and oxidative markers. Though, different studies have reported that Cocos nucifera L. oil has a wide range of biological effects, this study aimed at investigating the effect of Cocos nucifera L. oil on lead acetate-induced reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats. Methods Twenty (20) sexually matured male Wistar rats (55–65 days) were randomly distributed into four groups (n=5). Group I (negative control)—distilled water orally for 56 days, Group II (positive control)—5 mg/kg bwt lead acetate intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 14 days, Group III—6.7 mL/kg bwt Cocos nucifera L. oil orally for 56 days and Group IV—lead acetate intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 14 days and Cocos nucifera L. oil for orally for 56 days. Rats were sacrificed by diethyl ether, after which the serum, testis and epididymis were collected and used for semen analysis, biochemical and histological analysis. Results The lead acetate significantly increases (p<0.05) testicular and epididymal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, while a significant reduction (p<0.05) in sperm parameters, organ weight, testosterone and luteinizing hormone was observed when compared with the negative control. The coadministration of Cocos nucifera oil with lead acetate significantly increases (p<0.05) testosterone, luteinizing hormone, sperm parameters and organ weight, with a significant decrease (p<0.05) in MDA levels compared with positive control. Histological analysis showed that lead acetate distorts testicular cytoarchitecture and germ cell integrity while this was normalized in the cotreated group. Conclusions Cocos nucifera oil attenuates the deleterious effects of lead acetate in male Wistar rats, which could be attributed to its polyphenol content and antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Morphological alterations in the heart and aorta of rats treated with glucocorticoids

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
R. Dantas ◽  
K. Souza ◽  
D. Santos ◽  
V. Feitosa ◽  
E. Fioretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Heart Chamber ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Synthetic Glucocorticoid

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze the morphological structure of the heart and aorta of rats treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: 08 control rats undergoing treatment with a 0.9% saline solution for 10 days and 08 rats treated for 10 days with dexamethasone (2mg/kg animal weight). Results: Histological analysis detected a mild cardiac hypertrophy and 15% reduction of collagen located in the aorta of animals treated with glucocorticoid when compared to the control group. Conclusion: We conclude that treatment with dexamethasone for a period of 10 consecutive days is able to promote morphological changes in the structure of the heart chamber and, impair morphological structure of aorta.

scholarly journals Determination of the activity of pyruvate kinase isoforms in normal conditions, in toxic liver damage and during the process of its regeneration

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
A. G. Skuratov ◽  
A. N. Lyzikov ◽  
A. S. Shaforost ◽  
A. A. Zyatskov ◽  
N. M. Golubykh
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Reparative Regeneration ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Toxic Damage ◽  
Toxic Liver Damage

Objective. To evaluate the activity of pyruvate kinase (PK) isoforms in normal conditions, in toxic damage of the liver and during its regeneration.Materials and methods. An experimental study was carried out on 45 Wistar rats. Toxic liver damage was induced by the intraperitoneal administration of carbon tetrachloride. Mechanical damage was simulated by the surgical resection of the liver. The levels of PK isoforms R/L and M in the blood serum and liver tissue of the laboratory animals were measured with an ELISA test.Results. It has been found that the level of PK isoform M signifcantly increases in chronic toxic liver damage, which may indicate the activation of the processes of liver cell proliferation in response to the damaging effect of hepatotoxin (Mann-Whitney U Test: Z = 2.143; p = 0.032). After liver resection, the level of PK R/L, which characterizes the activation of glycolysis, increased and the level of pyruvate kinase M increased signifcantly, which reflected the processes of reparative regeneration in the liver.Conclusion. The serum level of PK isoforms may be used as a laboratory criterion for the activity of reparative regeneration processes, which can be used to evaluate the reparative potential of the liver in case of toxic or mechanical damage, as well as in chronic diffuse diseases.

scholarly journals Stereological and Immunohistochemical Study of the Spleen in Hypothyroid Juvenile Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragutin Roksandić ◽  
Anita Radovanović ◽  
Jelena Danilović Luković ◽  
Danica Marković ◽  
Milica Kovačević Filipović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Stereological Method ◽  
Spleen Tissue ◽  
Juvenile Rats

Abstract The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of hypothyroidism on spleen tissue morphology and immune cell density in fourteen-day-old juvenile rats. Hypothyroidism in pups (n=10) was induced by administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) in drinking water (1.5 mg/L) to their mothers during pregnancy and period of lactation. Fourteen-day-old pups were sacrificed and the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) serum concentration and thyroid activation index (Ia) were determined. Increased serum level of TSH and increased Ia showed that pups from PTU treated mothers were hypothyroid. White and red spleen pulp, marginal zone and connective tissue volume density has been assessed by using the stereological method. Using immunohistochemistry, the present CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD45RA+ B lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages were quantified. A significant reduction of volume density of the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath (VvPALS) and lymphatic follicles (Vvf) due to depletion of T and B lymphocytes respectively, was observed in the spleens of hypothyroid pups compared to controls. The volume density of the red pulp (Vvrp), marginal zone (Vvmz) and connective tissue (Vvct) was increased, as well as the number of CD68+ macrophages in the spleens of hypothyroid pups compared to controls. These results indicate that thyroid hormones might be important for normal development of both, specific and innate immune cells in the spleen during prenatal and early postnatal period.

Epstein-Barr virus induces an oxidative stress during the early stages of infection in B lymphocytes, epithelial, and lymphoblastoid cell lines

2008 ◽  
Vol 313 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saloua Lassoued ◽  
Randa Ben Ameur ◽  
Wajdi Ayadi ◽  
Bochra Gargouri ◽  
Riadh Ben Mansour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Epstein Barr

Antioxidant compound (E)-2-benzylidene-4-phenyl-1,3-diselenole protects rats against thioacetamide-induced acute hepatotoxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 1039-1045
Author(s):  
Angélica S. Reis ◽  
Mikaela P. Pinz ◽  
Cristiani F. Bortolatto ◽  
Cristiano R. Jesse ◽  
Lucielli Savegnago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Dehydratase Activity ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The aim of this study was to investigate whether (E)-2-benzylidene-4-phenyl-1,3-diselenole (BPD) protects against hepatotoxicity induced by thioacetamide (TAA). On the first day of treatment, male adult Wistar rats received BPD (10 or 50 mg·kg–1). On the second day, the rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of TAA (400 mg·kg–1). Twenty-four hours after TAA administration, biochemical determinations and liver histological analysis were carried out. BPD (50 mg·kg–1) reduced plasma aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities increased by TAA exposure. Treatment with BPD was effective against increased lipid peroxidation levels and attenuated a decrease in hepatic reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid levels as well as an inhibition of glutathione peroxidase activity caused by TAA exposure. The higher dose of BPD protected against the inhibition of hepatic δ-aminolevulinic dehydratase activity induced by TAA. Finally, histopathological examination of the liver showed that BPD markedly ameliorated TAA-induced hepatic injury. In conclusion, BPD protected against hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by TAA exposure in rats.

scholarly journals Probiotic Efficacy of Microencapsulated Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Gastrointestinal Tract Integrity in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9456-9466
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spleen Tissue ◽  
Yeast Viability ◽  
Food Absorption ◽  
Red Pulp

Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a probiotic has been prescribed for prophylaxis and treatment of gut infected diseases. This study was designed to assess the effects of encapsulated S. cerevisiae on gastrointestinal tract properties in the animal model. In rats, after 8-week feeding by encapsulated and unencapsulated S. cerevisiae, the mount of the IgA protein was determined by ELISA. Rats were euthanized, and the liver, kidney, and intestinal tract were collected for histological analysis. The consumption of S. cerevisiae could increase IgA levels in comparison with the control group. This increase was significant in the lower parts of the small intestine (p<0.05). In histopathological evaluations; Liver microscopic examination showed fatty change and margination of Kupffer cells as well as their hyperplasia and hypertrophy, which is a mark for liver regeneration in both groups that received microencapsulated and free probiotic. In spleen structure, in both groups, mild inflammation of the spleen tissue in the form of accumulation of red pulp of erythrocytes, hypercellular of this tissue was observed due to hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles and hyperplasia and hepaticophyta of retinal cells and macrophages. The lymphatic structure of the spleen showed relatively intense hyperplasia. In the colon structure, in both groups, hyperplasia of goblet calls along with slight infiltration of inflammatory cells was noted. Calcium alginate encapsulation considerably improves the yeast viability in simulated gastric juice and simulated intestine juice situations. Also, S. cerevisiae has positive profits in suitable food absorption and then decreasing diarrhea and other similar gastrointestinal disorders.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SODIUM ARSENITE ON THE KIDNEY AND ITS REMEDY WITH COMBINED EXTRACTS OF ALLIUM SATIVUM AND GONGRONEMA LATIFOLIUM USING RATS

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Usoh, I. F ◽  
Akwa, N. E
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sample ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Kidney Function Tests ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium

Sodium arsenite is a toxicant with nephrotoxic potential. This study proves that combined extracts of Gongronema latifolium and Allium sativum can protect the kidney from this toxicity. Fifty male Wistar rats (115 - 280g) were obtained for this experiment. They were sustained with commercial rat’s feed pellets and water. The rats were grouped into ten groups of five rats each. Group1 rats were the normal control, Groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered with 10mg/kg bw of sodium arsenite intraperitoneally on day 1only, day 1 - 7 and day 7 only, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 rats were administered with 200mg/kg bw of Gongronema latifolium and Allium sativum respectively through oral gavaging from day 1 - 6, and 10mg/kg bw of sodium arsenite intraperitoneally on day 7, respectively. Group 7 rats were administered with 100mg/kgbw each of Gongronema latifolium and Allium sativum through oral gavaging from day 1 – 6, and 10mg/kgbw of sodium arsenite intraperitoneally on day 7. Groups 8 and 9 rats were administered with 200mg/kg bw of Gongronema latifolium only and Allium sativum only, respectively through oral gavaging. Group 10 rats were treated with 100mg/kg bw each of Gongronema latifolium and Allium sativum through oral gavaging from day 1 to 7. The rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last administration and blood sample was collected for kidney function tests, and also the kidney for histological analysis. The results showed that the rats treated with sodium arsenite only, for different durations, had different degrees of nephrotic damage while those treated with single extracts and the toxicant showed moderate damage. The group treated with combined extracts and the toxicant was completely protected from all forms of nephrotic damage as evidently observed. KEYWORDS: Allium sativum; Gongronema latifolium; kidney; nephrotoxicity; rats; sodium arsenite..

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