scholarly journals PO-068 Influence of different intensity exercise on immune factor in the hot and humid environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Meng ◽  
Yu Yuan ◽  
Xiquan Weng
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Group Movement ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Environment

Objective  to study the influence of exercise on immune factor IL-2、IL-3、IL-6 in the hot and humid environment by comparing the changes of leukocytes after different intensity exercise with the normal environment，exploring the training program which is beneficial for the immune system in the hot and humid environment, and supply the theoretical basis for the sports training and National Physical Fitness in the hot and humid area. Methods The experimental subjects were 32 healthy male college students of Guangzhou Sports with an average age of 20.9 years. All the subjects tested the maximum oxygen uptake before the experiment, and then were divided into the control group, the 55%VO2max sports group, the 70%VO2max sports group and the 85%VO2max sports group. The experimental subjects took a treadmill running in the normal environment(20-25℃;RH: 55-60%) and finished the same exercise training program in the hot and humid environment(30-32℃；RH：90-95%) after a week, collected the elbow venous blood before and after exercise in the normal environment, The main test indicator contained IL-2、IL-3 and IL-6, Training program: control group sit quietly for 30 min;  The 55%VO2max group: Movement×2, 15min one time, Interval 5 min; The 70% VO2max group: Movement×3, 10min one time , Interval 5 min; The 85%VO2max group: Movement ×4, 7.5 min one time , Interval 5 min; All data were calculated using SPSS 25.0, Mean + / - standard deviation (Mean + / - SD), paired T test, single factor variance and multifactor variance analysis. P<0.05 was the significant level, and P<0.01 was the very significant level. Results 1、IL-2 is mainly produced in activated T lymphocytes, which can promote T cell proliferation, improve the secretion and function level of NK cells, play an important role in immune regulation and is an important regulatory factor. Under normal circumstances, IL-2 of the body of each exercise group increased slightly after acute exercise, but there was no statistical significance (p>0.05). In the humid and hot environment, IL-2 decreased in all groups after exercise, and the decrease in the quiet group was large, but there was no statistical significance(p>0.05).2、IL-3 is a multipotent hematopoietic regulatory factor that ACTS on the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, mainly produced by activated T lymphocytes. Under normal circumstances, the IL-3 increase of 55% VO2max and 85% VO2max group was not obvious after exercise, while that of 70% VO2max group was not obvious before and after exercise. After acute exercise in hot and humid environment, IL-3 increased in all groups, but there was no statistical significance(p>0.05). Compared with the normal environment, IL-3 increased after exercise in each group.3、IL-6 plays an important role in the regulation of motor mediated function, known as kinematic factor, mainly from stimulated mononuclear macrophages, fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells. Skeletal muscle can also express IL-6 under exercise stress, which is involved in the repair of muscle cell injury and plays an important regulatory role in skeletal muscle metabolism. Under normal circumstances, after exercise, there was a significant increase in all the exercise groups, among which 55% of the VO2max group and 70% of the VO2max group had a significant difference in IL-6 before and after exercise (p<0.05), and 85% of the VO2max group had a very significant difference (p<0.01). In the humid and hot environment, IL-6 increased after thermal stress in the quiet group, and IL-6 increased significantly after acute exercise in all the exercise groups (p<0.01). Compared with the normal environment, IL-6 increased more significantly and significantly in each group after exercise. Conclusions  The combined effect of heat stress and exercise stress on human immune function in the thermal environment is more significant than that of heat stress or exercise stress alone. The greater the intensity of exercise, the decrease of IL-2 and the significant change of IL-6, the more attention should be paid to the temporary immunosuppression caused by excessive intensity of exercise in the humid and hot environment.

Angiogenin gene-race interaction for resting and exercise BP phenotypes: the HERITAGE Family Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1232-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Rivera ◽  
Marcos Echegaray ◽  
Tuomo Rankinen ◽  
Louis Pérusse ◽  
Treva Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Training Program ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Rare Allele ◽  
Genotypic Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rest And Exercise

We examined the association between an angiogenin gene polymorphism and blood pressure (BP) at rest and in response to acute exercise before and after a 20-wk endurance-training program. Subjects were 737 normotensive and borderline hypertensive subjects (257 black and 480 white). The polymorphism was detected by PCR and digestion with AvaII, yielding an allele of 253 bp or a rare allele of 194 + 59 bp. Resting and exercise [50 W; 60, 80, and 100% of maximal O2 consumption (V˙o 2 max)] systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP were determined before and after training. Among blacks, adjusted SBP in the sedentary state was significantly lower in carriers of the rare allele at rest and exercise intensities of 60, 80, and 100% ofV˙o 2 max. In the trained state, carriers of the rare allele had a significantly ( P < 0.05) lower SBP than did noncarriers at rest and at 80 and 100% ofV˙o 2 max. The genotypic effect observed among blacks was not evident among whites. Furthermore, change in BP (after − before) was not significantly associated with the genotype. In conclusion, the angiogenin gene AvaII polymorphism is associated with a lower SBP at rest and in response to acute high-intensity exercise in blacks but not in whites.

scholarly journals Participatory training program on HIV/AIDS among anganwadi workers for training adolescent girls: an experience from a rural area of Karaikal, Puducherry, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1921
Author(s):  
Ramkumar Sundaram ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Participatory Training ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Recently HIV epidemic in India was gradually escalating to low risk groups like adolescents. Focusing on adolescent empowerment is the strategy for obtaining their adherence to prevention of HIV/AIDS. Though anganwadi workers (AWWs) play a critical role in creating awareness on behaviour change in the community; also, they need an excellent knowledge on HIV/AIDS before creating awareness to the community. So, this study aimed to assess the knowledge on HIV/AIDS among adolescent girls and AWWs and also to determine the effectiveness of Participatory Training Program to AWWs in bringing improvements in the knowledge among adolescent girls.Methods: Present quasi-experimental study was conducted among adolescent girls ages 15 to 18 years at Serumavilangai Village, Karaikal, Puducherry during June-September 2018. AWWs from the selected village were included for participatory training program.Results: Total 86 adolescents participated the survey. Awareness regarding HIV/AIDS was only 40% before intervention. FGD among AWWs showed poor knowledge on HIV/AIDS. During intervention, AWWs were used as a medium for giving interventions, it was observed that there was a wide difference in their knowledge of adolescent girls before and after intervention (81.4%) on HIV/AIDS with statistical significance (0.03).Conclusions: Before intervention awareness on HIV/AIDS were lacking in both adolescent girls and AWWs. This shows a difficulty in accessing health information in rural India. Therefore, providing periodic training programme to AWWs as peer health educators for disseminating information on HIV/AIDS may bridge the gap by proving valid information’s to high risk groups in the community.

STUDY CLINICAL FEATURE AND RESULT OF TREATMENT PHACOMORPHIC GLAUCOMA

2015 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Van Nam Phan ◽  
Ba Ken Tran
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Corneal Edema ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Anterior Chamber Angle ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Before And After

Purpose: Study clinical feature of phacomorphic glaucoma. To evaluate the result of treatment phacomorphic glaucoma. Method: The retrospective, interventional study on 36 cases with phacomorphic glaucoma who underwent treated at Hue Central Hospital from 6/2010 to 6/2011. Standard of research: visual, IOP, before and after surgery, accompanying lesions and post-operative complications. The surgery is considered successful when postoperative IOP less than 21 mmHg. Results: Age 50-59 presented 30.5 percent, ≥ 60 presented 91.7 percent. There was a slight female preponderance (66.7%) compared to the male population (33.3%) which implies a statistically marginally significant difference. However there was no statistical significance difference when compared by the two subgroups. Patient in country presented 61,1% and city presented 38,9%. The duration between the onset of pain and surgery from 0 to < 5 days (77.8%), from 6 to 10 (16.7%) and >10 days presented 5.5%. The preoperative intraocular pressure 35 to 45mmHg (47.2%), 46-55 (30.6%), 56-65 (13.9%) and more than 65 presented 8.3%. The visual acuity preoperation less than 1metre count finger (94.5%), less than 3 metre count finger presented 5.5%. Close anterior chamber angle presented 80.6% and shallow was presented 19.4%. Corneal edema presented 100%, iritis presented 94.4%, dilated pupil larger 5mm presented 83.3%, Synchynea iris and cataract presented 72.2%. ECCE, implantation IOL combined trabeculectomy presented 11.1%, Phaco, implantation IOL combined trabeculectomy presented 69,5%, ECCE implantation IOL presented 5.6%, Phaco, implantation IOL presented 13.8%. Postoperative visual acuity from 1/10 to 5/10 presented 72.2%, no case have VA larger than 5/10. Postoperative 3 months VA 1/10 to 5/10 presented 72.2%, larger VA 5/10 presented 8.3%. Postoperative 3 months intraocular pressure ≤ 21mmHg presented 91.7%, 22 to 24mmHg presented 8.3%, no case have IOP ≥25mmHg. Postoperative edema presented 58.3%, iritis presented 58.3%. Key words: phacomorphic Glaucoma

scholarly journals Treatment of HIV-associated facial lipoatrophy: impact on infection progression assessed by viral load and CD4 count

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Machado Gonçalves Soares ◽  
Izelda Maria Carvalho Costa
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Facial Lipoatrophy ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: HIV/AIDS-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome includes changes in body fat distribution, with or without metabolic changes. The loss of fat from the face, called facial lipoatrophy, is one of the most stigmatizing signs of the syndrome.OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effect of FL treatment using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) implants on disease progression, assessed by viral load and CD4 cell count.METHODS: This was a prospective study of 44 patients treated from July 2009 to December 2010. Male and female patients, aged over 18 years, with clinically detectable FL and who had never been treated were included in the study. PMMA implantation was done to fill atrophic areas. Laboratory tests were conducted to measure viral load and CD4 count before and after treatment.RESULTS: Of the 44 patients, 72.72% were male and 27.27% female, mean age of 44.38 years. Before treatment, 82% of patients had undetectable viral load, which increased to 88.6% after treatment, but without statistical significance (p = 0.67). CD4 count before treatment ranged from 209 to 1293, averaging 493.97. After treatment, the average increased to 548.61. The increase in CD4 count after treatment was statistically significant with p = 0.02.CONCLUSION: The treatment of FL with PMMA implants showed a statistically significant increase in CD4 count after treatment, revealing the impact of FL treatment on disease progression. Viral load before and after treatment did not vary significantly.

Evaluation of a New Field Epidemiology Training Program Intermediate Course to Strengthen Public Health Workforce Capacity in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492097466
Author(s):  
Kate Wilson ◽  
Amir Juya ◽  
Ahmed Abade ◽  
Senga Sembuche ◽  
Devotha Leonard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Health Workforce ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Exit Interviews ◽  
Field Epidemiology ◽  
Health Threats ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Workforce Capacity ◽  
Field Epidemiology Training Program

Objectives Sub-Saharan Africa faces a shortage of skilled epidemiologists to prevent, detect, and respond to health threats. Tanzania has implemented one of the first Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) Intermediate courses in Africa. This course aims to strengthen health workforce capacity in surveillance system assessment, outbreak investigation, and evaluation, prioritizing HIV control. We conducted an outcome evaluation of this new course. Methods We used a pre/post evaluation design using data from 4 cohorts of trainees who took the FETP Intermediate course from 2017 to 2020. We conducted knowledge assessments before and after each cohort and combined those results. Outcomes included knowledge and self-rated competency and trends in integrated disease surveillance and response (IDSR) data. We collected data through tests, field assignments, exit interviews, and data audits. We compared the mean change in pre-/posttest scores using linear regression and 95% CIs. We used content analysis to summarize exit interviews. Results Fifty-three FETP trainees from 10 regions enrolled in the FETP Intermediate course, and 52 (99.0%) completed the course. We found substantial increases in mean knowledge (44.0 to 68.0 points) and self-rated competency (4.14 to 4.43) scores before and after the course. Trainees evaluated 52 surveillance systems and 52 district HIV care programs, and 39 (75.0%) trainees participated in outbreak investigations. From before to after cohort 1, timeliness and completeness of IDSR reports increased from 4.2% to 52.1% and from 27.4% to 76.5%, respectively. Course strengths were quality of instruction, individualized mentoring, and practical skills gained. Challenges were mentor availability, limited time for data analysis practice, and balancing work and field assignments. Conclusions The Tanzania FETP Intermediate course substantially improved trainee knowledge and helped to improve local data quality and reporting. This course is a promising model to strengthen subnational capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to public health threats in Africa.

Combat and Blast Exposure Blunt Sympathetic Response to Acute Exercise Stress in Specialized Military Men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus K. Taylor ◽  
Nikki E. Barczak‐Scarboro ◽  
D. Christine Laver ◽  
Lisa M. Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Sympathetic Response ◽  
Blast Exposure

scholarly journals Cardiac Rehabilitation and Physical Performance in Patients after Myocardial Infarction: Preliminary Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2253
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Grochulska ◽  
Sebastian Glowinski ◽  
Aleksandra Bryndal
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Exercise Stress Test ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Before And After

(1) Background: Cardiovascular diseases, in particular, myocardial infarction (MI), are the main threats to human health in modern times. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR), and especially increased physical activity, significantly prevent the consequences of MI. The aim of this study was to assess physical performance in patients after MI before and after CR. (2) Methods: 126 patients after MI were examined. They were admitted to the cardiac rehabilitation ward twice: in the 3rd month after MI, and then in the 6th month after the last rehabilitation session. CR lasted 20 treatment days (4 weeks with 5 treatment days and 2 days’ break). The exercise stress test on the treadmill and a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were used to assess physical performance. Patients were assigned to an appropriate rehabilitation model due to their health condition. (3) Results: In the studied group, the exercise stress test time and the metabolic equivalent of task (MET), the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), and 6MWT score increased significantly (p = 0.0001) at two time-points of observation. (4) Conclusion: CR significantly improves physical performance in patients after MI.

Temporal dynamics of encrusting communities during the Late Devonian: a case study from the Central Devonian Field, Russia

Paleobiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Zatoń ◽  
Tomasz Borszcz ◽  
Michał Rakociński
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Faunal Turnover ◽  
Central Devonian Field ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Substrate Size ◽  
Mass Extinction Event ◽  
Diversity Dynamics

AbstractIn this study we focused on the dynamics of encrusting assemblages preserved on brachiopod hosts collected from upper Frasnian and lower Famennian deposits of the Central Devonian Field, Russia. Because the encrusted brachiopods come from deposits bracketing the Frasnian/Famennian (F/F) boundary, the results also shed some light on ecological differences in encrusting communities before and after the Frasnian–Famennian (F-F) event. To explore the diversity dynamics of encrusting assemblages, we analyzed more than 1300 brachiopod valves (substrates) from two localities. Taxon accumulation plots and shareholder quorum subsampling (SQS) routines indicated that a reasonably small sample of brachiopod host valves (n=50) is sufficient to capture the majority of the encrusting genera recorded at a given site. The richness of encrusters per substrate declined simultaneously with the number of encrusting taxa in the lower Famennian, accompanied by a decrease in epibiont abundance, with a comparable decrease in mean encrustation intensity (percentage of bioclasts encrusted by one or more epibionts). Epibiont abundance and occupancy roughly mirror each other. Strikingly, few ecological characteristics are correlated with substrate size, possibly reflecting random settlement of larvae. Evenness, which is negatively correlated with substrate size, shows greater within-stage variability among samples than between Frasnian and Famennian intervals and may indicate the instability of early Famennian biocenoses following the faunal turnover. The occurrence distribution of encrusters points to nonrandom associations and exclusions among several encrusting taxa. However, abundance and occupancy of microconchids remained relatively stable throughout the sampled time interval. The notable decline in abundance (~60%) and relatively minor decline in diversity (~30%) suggest jointly that encrusting communities experienced ecological collapse rather than a major mass extinction event. The differences between the upper Frasnian and lower Famennian encrusting assemblages may thus record a turnover associated with the F-F event.

The effect of mask use on maternal oxygen saturation in term pregnancies during the COVID-19 process

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzat Toprak ◽  
Ayça Nazlı Bulut
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Coin Toss ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Before And After

AbstractObjectivesOur aim was to evaluate the effect of standard surgical and N-95 respiratory mask use on maternal oxygen saturation, vital signs and result on non-stress tests in term pregnancies.MethodsIt is a prospective observational study. The study included healthy, not in labor, singleton pregnant women of 370/7–410/7 weeks who were applied to our hospital for routine obstetric control examination between March 1, 2020, and August 31, 2020. Patients were randomised by coin toss method. Oxygen saturation, systolic, and diastolic arterial blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature of pregnant women using surgical masks and respiratory masks were measured before and after the non-stress test. The tolerance of the masks was also evaluated. Student’s t-test was used for variables showing parametric distribution and the Mann Whitney U-test was used for non-parametric tests. The categorical variables between the groups was analyzed by using the Chi square test or Fisher Exact test. The statistical significance level was taken as p<0.05 in all tests.ResultsA total of 297 pregnant women using masks were included in the study. The effect of mask type on oxygen saturation before and after the non-stress test was found to be significant (97.1±1.8 corresponds to 95.3±2.6 for the surgical mask, p=0.0001; 97.8±1.7 corresponds to 93.7±2.0 for the respiratory mask, p=0.0001). Mask tolerance of patients using respiratory masks was significantly higher than those using surgical masks (mean 8, 1–10, p=0.0001).ConclusionsSurgical mask and respiratory mask usage decreased significantly in oxygen saturation in term pregnancies.

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