scholarly journals Gender and Student Participation

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany C. Leraas ◽  
Nicole R. Kippen ◽  
Susan J. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Learning Experience ◽  
Student Participation ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
College Classrooms ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Class Participation ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
Classroom Connectedness ◽  
Psychological Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Active class participation has been associated with student engagement and can be an important aspect of a successful learning experience in college classrooms. Several factors influence student participation including classroom dynamics (such as classroom connectedness, instructor-student rapport) and individual characteristics (such as biological sex and psychological gender).  With respect to individual characteristics, previous research has evaluated sex differences in participation and has yielded inconsistent findings. The present study investigated the relationship between psychological gender and student participation both in- and out-of-class. Classroom connectedness and professor-student rapport were assessed as possible moderating factors. Results indicated that masculinity and androgyny were associated with more in-class participation while femininity and androgyny were associated with student professor interaction outside of class. While both classroom connectedness and instructor-student rapport were correlated with student participation, there was no evidence of them moderating the relationship between gender and participation. Professor gender type was not associated with student participation. Implications for college classrooms and higher education are discussed.

Impact of Savoring Ability on the Relationship Between Older Adults’ Activity Engagement and Well-Being

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Smith ◽  
Joseph G. Bihary ◽  
Dugan O’Connor ◽  
Ajla Basic ◽  
Catherine J. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Activity Engagement ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between activity engagement and well-being can vary based on individual characteristics, and it is important to identify moderating factors to support the development and implementation of aging services. The current study examined whether the relationship between activity engagement and well-being depends on older adults’ savoring ability, that is, the ability to attend to positive experiences and to engage in emotion regulation strategies to enhance positive feelings during those experiences. A total of 5,128 older adults ( Mage = 83.86 years) completed measures of activity engagement, savoring, and well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, depression, loneliness, purpose, and health). Multilevel modeling analyses revealed that activity engagement and savoring independently predicted better functioning across all well-being measures. However, savoring moderated the relationship between activity engagement and four well-being measures (life satisfaction, depression, loneliness, and purpose). Findings suggest that older adults with low activity engagement may particularly benefit from savoring-skills training to enhance their psychological well-being.

scholarly journals Identity dimensions versus proactive coping in late adolescence while taking into account biological sex and psychological gender

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Kalka ◽  
Bartosz Karcz
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Proactive Coping ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Psychological Gender ◽  
Support Seeking ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Moderator

Abstract The aim of study was to investigate the relationship between proactive coping strategies and the dimensions of identity formation, along with the role of biological sex and psychological gender as moderators for this relationship. We conducted analyses aimed at showing differences in terms of identity dimensions levels and proactive coping strategies used by a group of individuals with different biological sex and psychological gender. A group of 101 students from upper secondary schools (47 females, 54 males) from Pomeranian Voivodeship took part in the study. We used in our research The Dimensions of Identity Development Scale; The Psychological Gender Inventory and The Proactive Coping Inventory for Adolescents. We found, among others, that in the case of a proactive strategy, biological sex turned out to be a significant moderator in the relationship between this variable and identity dimensions: ruminative exploration, commitment-making and identification with commitment. In the case of instrumental support seeking, psychological gender turned out to be a significant moderator for the relationship between these variables and a part of identity dimensions. The obtained results show that, regardless of whether young people, in terms of characteristics that are stereotypically associated with biological sex, are described as aschematic (undifferentiated individuals) or schematic (sex-typed) when entering adulthood and attempting to constitute themselves, more often cope in a task-oriented manner by trying to create a set of information useful in difficult situations and aspire to obtain informational support from individuals in one’s own social network, who are regarded as safe people.

scholarly journals Transnational solidarity among political elites: what determines support for financial redistribution within the EU in times of crisis?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ann-Kathrin Reinl ◽  
Heiko Giebler
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Responsibility Attribution ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Attitudinal Differences ◽  
Transnational Solidarity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

As a consequence of the European Economic Crisis, the European Union (EU) has implanted mechanisms to assist fellow member states facing economic difficulties. Despite an increasing academic interest in public preferences for such intra-EU solidarity measures, research has so far largely ignored individual characteristics that could possibly influence politicians’ views. In this paper, we look at politicians’ preferences for transnational solidarity and argue that these preferences depend on attitudes regarding socioeconomic issues as well as attitudes related to the EU. Moreover, we hypothesize that the relationship is moderated by responsibility attribution and the economic situation in a country. Using survey data of about 4000 politicians running for office in nine EU countries, we find that transnational solidarity is more common for socioeconomically left-wing and pro-EU politicians. Yet, attitudinal differences only cease to matter when the beneficiary state is perceived responsible for the crisis and economic problems at home are low.

scholarly journals Individual quality of life and the environment – towards a concept of livable areas for persons with disabilities in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Grabowska ◽  
Radosław Antczak ◽  
Jan Zwierzchowski ◽  
Tomasz Panek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [1] highlights the need to create proper socioeconomic and political conditions for persons with disabilities, with a special focus on their immediate living conditions. According to the Convention, these conditions should be built to ensure that persons with disabilities have the potential to enjoy a high quality of life (QoL), and this principle is reflected in the notion of livable areas. The crucial aspect of this framework is the relationship between the individual QoL and the environment, broadly understood as the socioeconomic as well as the technical conditions in which persons with disabilities function. Methods The basic research problem was to assess the relationship between individual QoL for the population with disabilities as a dependent variable and livability indicators as independent variables, controlling for individual characteristics. The study used a dataset from the EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) survey carried out in 2015 in Poland. The research concept involved several steps. First, we created a variable measuring the QoL for the entire population with disabilities. To measure the multidimensional QoL, we used Sen’s capability approach as a general concept, which was operationalized by the MIMIC (multiple indicators multiple causes) model. In the second step, we identified the livability indicators available in the official statistics, and merged them with survey data. Finally, in the last step, we ran the regression analysis. We also checked the data for the nested structure. Results We confirmed that the general environmental conditions, focused on creating livable areas, played a significant role in shaping the QoL of persons with disabilities; i.e., we found that the higher the level of the local Human Development Index, the higher the quality of life of the individuals living in this area. This relationship held even after controlling for the demographic characteristics of the respondents. Moreover, we found that in addition to the general environmental conditions, the conditions created especially for persons with disabilities (i.e., services for this group and support for their living conditions) affected the QoL of these individuals. Conclusions The results illustrate the need to strengthen policies aimed at promoting the QoL of persons with disabilities by creating access to community assets and services that can contribute to improving the life chances of this population.

scholarly journals Children’s Label-Learning Experience within Superordinate Categories Facilitates their Generalization of Labels for Additional Category Members

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-83
Author(s):  
Emily E. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Organization ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning Biases ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Multiple Accounts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Specific Label

Abstract In two studies, we tested the relationship between children’s label-learning experience and label-learning ability within diverse superordinate categories with complex perceptual organization (animals, clothing, foods). Using both quasi-experimental and experimental designs, we examined 18- and 24-month-old children’s ability to generalize labels for novel members of superordinate categories as a product of their previous experience in learning labels for members of those categories. As predicted, children properly generalized more labels for members of the categories within which they had more label-learning experience than for members of the categories within which they had less label-learning experience. Results are consistent with the idea that children develop category-specific label-learning biases through their experience in learning labels for category members; they carry implications for multiple accounts of vocabulary acquisition and identify directions for future research.

The Automatic Algorithm of Filling Hole Based-Mesh Panel Information Based-System Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 321-324 ◽  
pp. 2106-2109
Author(s):  
Fei Yan Ren
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
System Management ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Management Structure ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Educational Field

One of the most important factors of management in obtaining organization targets is effectiveness of financial management structures, and user of the financial management structures have more important role in the effectiveness of the structures. The purpose of this research is to study the influence of human factors including personal and individual characteristics of user of financial management structures based on effectiveness PC. For this target, a sample includes 2354 offices, organizations, private companies and organizations than apply financial management structure based-PC. Has been selected randomly and the investigative data has been counting using questionnaires. In order to find personal characteristics of users, the particular questionnaires which are designed according to four factor model of personality, has been done. In order to research the relation between effectiveness of the structure and personality, four hypotheses based on four features of personality. Moreover, in order to find the relationship between expertise (educational level, educational field and amount of training curriculum of PC knowledge), job satisfaction and experience of users, and effectiveness of the accountancy management structure based-PC, some hypotheses have been studied and written. The study results indicates that personal characteristics including Agreeableness, openness, Conscientiousness and experience working , is efficient on the financial management structures based-PC.

Class Participation in Accounting Courses: Factors That Affect Student Comfort and Learning

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise J. Dallimore ◽  
Julie H. Hertenstein ◽  
Marjorie B. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Practical Implication ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Accounting Education ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Class Discussion ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Class Participation ◽  
Accounting Courses ◽  
Abstract Class ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT: Class discussion is frequently used in accounting education. Prior research indicates that preparation for and frequency of participation in class discussion is positively related to students’ comfort participating. This study extends this literature by examining the relationship between class participation and learning. In this study, 323 sophomore business students enrolled in accounting courses and completed pre- and post-course surveys concerning their perceptions about class discussion; in addition, instructors provided students’ grades for our use in this study. Path model results indicate that preparation is positively related to frequency of participation, which, in turn, is positively related to students’ comfort participating in class discussion. Furthermore, students’ comfort participating in class discussion is positively related to learning. A practical implication of this finding on the learning-comfort relationship is that instructors’ efforts to foster student comfort with class discussion—especially efforts directed at increasing their preparation and participation frequency—should lead to increased student mastery of course content.

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