scholarly journals Pueblos indígenas, estado y universidad: Tensiones, oportunidades y desafíos. El caso de la Escuela de Idiomas Indígenas (Región Metropolitana, Chile)

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Silvia Castillo Sánchez ◽  
Carlos Bustos Reyes ◽  
Simona Mayo ◽  
Jorge Soto ◽  
Cristian Vargas Paillahueque

This work problematizes the relationship between University, Indigenous Peoples and the State based on a community experience aimed at revitalizing four of Chile’s most dynamic indigenous languages (Aymara, Quechua, Rapa Nui and Mapudungun). On this occasion, the voices from indigenous students and teachers, State officials, and academics are brought together and find, from their differences, tensions and approximations in a collaborative project that gathers understanding and lessons learnt from this educational experience. This article’s main objective is to analyze the perceptions of the three actors mentioned in this joint initiative, emphasizing the following scopes: a) purposes and meanings; and b) characteristics of the relationship between actors. The main findings explain problematic junctions and key aspects regarding joint action, particularly, opportunities and challenges for the configuration of new relational spaces.

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Sierra

La policía comunitaria es una institución de los pueblos indígenas de Guerrero conocida por su capacidad para enfrentar a la delincuencia y generar alternativas de paz social., através de un sistema de justicia y seguridad autónomo. En los últimos años, sin embargo, el sistema comunitario enfrenta el acoso de actores diversos vinculados al incremento de la violencia y la inseguridad que se vive en el país y especialmente en el estado de Guerrero; dicha situación está impactando a la institucionalidad comunitaria, obligando a su redefinición. En este trabajo destaco aspectos centrales de dicha conflictividad así como las respuestas que han dado los comunitarios para hacer frente a las tareas de justicia y seguridad en el marco de nuevos contextos marcados por el despojo neoliberal y la impunidad de actores estatales y no estatales. En este proceso se actualiza la relación de la policía comunitaria con el Estado revelando el peso de la ambigüedad legal y los juegos del poder así como los usos contra-hegemónicos del derecho para disputar la justicia. ---SEGURANÇA E JUSTIÇA SOB ACOSSO EM TEMPOS DE VIOLÊNCIA NEOLIBERAL: respostas do policiamento comunitário de GuerreroO policiamento comunitário é uma instituição dos Povos Indígenas do Guerrero conhecidos por sua capacidade de lidar com o crime e gerar paz social de forma alternativa, usando um sistema próprio de justiça e segurança. Nos últimos anos, no entanto, o sistema da UE enfrenta assédio de várias autoridades envolvidas no aumento da violência e da insegurança que reina no país e, especialmente, no estado de Guerrero; essa situação está afetando as instituições comunitárias, forçando a sua redefinição. Neste artigo, destaco os principais aspectos do conflito e as respostas que têm a comunidade para lidar com as tarefas da justiça e da segurança no contexto dos novos contextos marcados por pilhagem neoliberal e a impunidade de atores estatais e não estatais. Neste processo, a relação de policiamento comunitário com o estado é atualizada, revelando o peso da ambiguidade e dos jogos de poder legais, além de usos contra-hegemônicos do direito de disputar a justiça.Palavras-chave: violência neoliberal; Guerrero; comunidades indígenas---SECURITY AND JUSTICE UNDER HARASSMENT IN TIMES OF NEOLIBERAL VIOLENCE: responses of the Community Police of GuerreroThe community police is an institution of the Indigenous Peoples of Guerrero known for its ability to deal with crime and generate alternatives for social peace, using a system of justice and self security. In recent years, however, the EU system faces harassment from various people responsible for the increase of violence and insecurity within the country and especially in the state in Guerrero; this situation is impacting instituitions in the community, forcing their redefinition. In this paper I highlight key aspects of the conflict and the community's responses to deal with the tasks of justice and security in new contexts marked by neoliberal plunder and impunity of the state (as well as non state figures). In this process, the relationship of the community police with the state is updated revealing the weight of legal ambiguity and power plays, as well as counter-hegemonic use of the right to dispute justice.key words: neoliberal vilence; Guerrero; indigenous people.


Author(s):  
Bielefeldt Heiner, Prof ◽  
Ghanea Nazila, Dr ◽  
Wiener Michael, Dr

This chapter discusses various human rights violations that arise in the context of constructing, owning, accessing, using, protecting, and preserving places of worship or other religious sites. When members of religious communities wish to construct and own places of worship they often face restrictions that are imposed by the State or competing claims by other religious communities. In this context, the conversion of places of worship as well as their confiscation and unfair restitution provisions may lead to further problems for religious communities. Furthermore, access to religious sites and their use is often unduly restricted by the State, impeded in practice by non-State actors, or hampered by religious precepts which discriminate against some people within the same religious or belief community. The chapter also discusses issues of interpretation, including the relationship between international human rights law and international humanitarian law in the context of religious sites, the obligations of various duty-bearers, and sacred sites of indigenous peoples.


2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Araceli Burguete Cal y Mayor

Esta colaboración se aproxima al proceso de municipalización del gobierno local indígena y a la otra cara del mismo proceso: la indianización del gobierno municipal, en América Latina. En las últimas tres décadas el municipio se ha reformado, en un marco más amplio de reforma del Estado, para ajustarse al nuevo contexto neoliberal A este proceso se le ha llamado «neomunicipalismo». Para diversos pueblos indígenas, el «neomunicipalismo» se percibe como un riesgo, pero también como una oportunidad. En el pasado reciente, el gobierno indígena fue visto desde el poder del Estado como «remanentes» en vías de disolución. Hoy día, el Estado multicultural acepta como válidas esas instituciones, siempre y cuando se inscriban en la lógica de la organización del Estado. Requisito que diversas organizaciones perciben como un riesgo, aunque otras lo ven como una oportunidad para avanzar en el proceso de empoderamiento indígena. El dilema entre resistencia y no aceptación de la institucionalidad del Estado, y el acceso a las mismas, en un horizonte de apropiación, es una vieja historia en la relación pueblos indígenas y municipio. Cuando hay aceptación —siempre limitada— se producen procesos de «municipalización» del gobierno indígena. En esta colaboración sistematizo tres momentos de municipalización del gobierno indígena en América Latina: cabildo indígena colonial, ayuntamiento gaditano, neomunicipalismo.   SUMMARYThis collaboration is approaching the municipalization process of local government and indigenous on the other side of the same process: the indianization of the municipal government, in Latin America In the last three decades, in a broad framework for reform of the State, the municipality has been refurbished, in a broader framework for reform of the State to comply with the new neoliberal context. The «neomunicipalismo», is a risk and an opportunity for these peoples. In the recent past, the institutions the indigenous government, was seen as «residual» in the process of dissolution. Today, the multicultural State accepts as valid those institutions, always and when entered in the logic of the organization of the State. Requirement that various organizations perceive as a risk; but other see it as an opportunity to make progress in the process of empowering indigenous. The dilemma between resistance and non-acceptance of the institutional framework of the State, and access to the same, in a horizon of appropriation, is an old story in the relationship indigenous peoples and municipality. In this collaboration systematized three stages of municipalization of the indigenous governance: the cabildo indigenous colonial; the cádiz city hall andthe neomunicipalismo.


Author(s):  
Karl Widerquist ◽  
Grant S. McCall

Because this book involves two very different academic disciplines, political philosophy and anthropology, some background about the relevant topics in each one is helpful. In this chapter, Section 1 introduces the relevant political theory. Section 2 discusses some of the anthropological methods and conceptual issues involved in the examination of the evidence relevant to these philosophical arguments. Section 3 discusses how the state and the state of nature are defined in relation to each other. Section 4 addresses some responses this book is likely to receive. Section 5 discusses the relationship between this book and modern indigenous peoples.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 504-537
Author(s):  
Carolina Armenteros

At once neglected and deeply controversial, the Spanish Counter- Enlightenment is crucial to understanding the development of Spanish politics and social thought until at least the mid-twentieth century. From Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo’s praise to Javier Herrero’s denigration to the more balanced assessments of present-day scholars, the movement continues to be a source of debate and varying evaluations. Still, key aspects of it remain to be known, including its anthropology, its approach to Enlightened political concepts, its inheritance from Salamanca scholastics and its ideas on interiority and the relationship between the individual and the state. This paper defines these aspects by examining the works of five of the Spanish Counter-Enlightenment’s major representatives: Fernando de Ceballos y Mier, (1732–1802), Vicente Fernández de Valcarce (1723–98), Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro (1735–1809), Francisco Alvarado (1756–1814) and Rafael de Vélez (1777–1850). The first aim is to identify what made the Spanish Counter- Enlightenment unique yet related to the French Counter-Enlightenment that nurtured and preceded it. The second aim is to provide a general overview of the movement even while introducing it to an Englishspeaking audience for the first time.


2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-289
Author(s):  
Sukri Tamma ◽  
Timo Duile

When the indigenous peoples’ movement emerged in the 1990s and grew stronger in the wake of reformasi, people formally termed “backward” and “primitive” suddenly emerged as political actors. This article traces the relationship between the state and the idea of the original, sometimes referred to as the autochthonous, sometimes as the indigenous, in Indonesian history and analyses how these relationships are reflected in legislation on land issues, the major concern of recent indigenous movements. In a second step, the article deals with current political strategies of the indigenous movement (AMAN), concluding that the movement is shifting its efforts from the “centre” (national legislation), to the provinces and the margins, a process we term the “local turn” in the indigenous people’s movement in Indonesia. By drawing on the example of Enrekang, South Sulawesi, the contribution shows how peraturan dearah (local regulations) provide a basis for recognition within the margins of the Indonesian nation state.


2006 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Thomas Michaelson

AbstractEducation Queensland’s Remote Area Incentives Scheme (RAIS) is intended to provide financial and other benefits to teachers who choose to accept employment in undesirable locations in the state. On paper, this scheme claims that remoteness from an urban centre is the foremost measure of a school’s undesirability. However, the percentage of Indigenous students in a school has a strong influence on the assignment of transfer ratings to Queensland state schools. This paper provides the details of a statistical analysis that shows that there is a strong relationship between the Indigenity of a school and its institutionalised perception of undesirability. It also includes a survey of urban schools in southeast Queensland that are categorised as less desirable than surrounding schools in the region primarily because there is a higher percentage of Indigenous students enrolled in those schools.


2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID LEHMANN

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to explore the ethos ofinterculturalidadin Mexico's recently foundeduniversidades interculturales. On the basis of documentation and interviews with faculty in five universities, institutionalisation of intercultural higher education within the state sector can be seen to have created a space in which the politics of recognition meet the radical ideas of educators in the tradition of constructivism andeducación popular. Intercultural higher education does not select students on the basis of race, but the location of the campuses and the content of courses are designed to attract indigenous students. The introduction of field research early in the undergraduate course should transform the relationship between students and their communities of origin, and prepare them for leadership roles. The article concludes with a critique of what it calls ‘hard’ multiculturalism.


2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Jorge Resina de Fuente

Tres décadas después del inicio de la transición a la democracia, el Ecuador se encuentra ahora ante el reto de dar contenido al Estado Plurinacional, aprobado en la Constitución de Montecristi en 2008. A pesar de esta reciente constitucionalización, la plurinacionalidad es una demanda histórica planteada por la Confederación de Nacionalidades Indígenas del Ecuador (CONAIE) desde finales de los años ochenta. Rasgo que la convierte en un concepto complejo y en disputa que coloca al país en una encrucijada, con varios modelos políticos en pugna. A partir de aquí, este artículo pretende analizar la relación establecida entre el Estado y los pueblos y las nacionalidades indígenas en las últimas décadas, y reflexionar sobre los vínculos entre la democracia y lo plurinacional.   ABSTRACTAfter three decades from the start of the transition to democracy, Ecuador faces now the challenge of giving content to the Plurinational State, approved in the Constitution of Montecristi in 2008. Despite this recent constitutionalization, plurinationality is a historic demand raised by the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE) since the late eighties. Feature that makes it a complex and contested concept that puts the country in a time of crossroads, with several political models in competition. From here, this article analyzes the relationship established between the state and indigenous peoples and nationalities in recent decades and reflects on the linkages between democracy and plurinacionality.


2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Andrew Comensoli ◽  
Carolyn MacCann

The current study proposes and refines the Appraisals in Personality (AIP) model in a multilevel investigation of whether appraisal dimensions of emotion predict differences in state neuroticism and extraversion. University students (N = 151) completed a five-factor measure of trait personality, and retrospectively reported seven situations from the previous week, giving state personality and appraisal ratings for each situation. Results indicated that: (a) trait neuroticism and extraversion predicted average levels of state neuroticism and extraversion respectively, and (b) five of the examined appraisal dimensions predicted one, or both of the state neuroticism and extraversion personality domains. However, trait personality did not moderate the relationship between appraisals and state personality. It is concluded that appraisal dimensions of emotion may provide a useful taxonomy for quantifying and comparing situations, and predicting state personality.


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