scholarly journals GENDER VERIFICATION IN SPORT: THE AUSTRALIAN EXPERIENCE

Issues of Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
M.A. Borodina ◽  
◽  
K.V. Mashkova ◽  
S.S. Zenin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
National Level ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Australian Experience ◽  
The One

The issue of non-discrimination of persons with different gender identities in sports is increasingly discussed both at the international and national level, influencing decisions on the possibility of allowing transgender and intersex people to participate in sports competitions held at the Amateur and professional levels. In Australia, with enough close attention to this issue, an unambiguous position of sports federations has not been formed, which is facilitated by its not sufficiently clear legislative regulation. On the one hand, this is due to the Federal structure of the state, which means that only General approaches are formulated at the Federal level, and the States are given the opportunity to make their own adjustments, which they successfully use. On the other, wide enough discrete authority was given by the sports federations which do not put in front of sports clubs and educational institutions, providing competition with the task of using the results of genetic or hormonal studies for gender verification, given the inevitable in this case, difficulties in organizing and conducting competitions, as well as shared the idea on creation of necessary conditions for inclusion of transgender and intersex persons in full sporting life. This issue is raised only in the case of claims of these persons to participate in international sports competitions, but even in this case it is assumed to be limited to giving them the necessary consultations. The position of the Australian football League in this sense is an exception to the rule, which is the subject of criticism from the standpoint of implementing the principle of equal rights of citizens

Conclusion: The 1960s and Beyond

2015 ◽  
pp. 346-356
Author(s):  
David H. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Summer Camps ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

This concluding chapter addresses the impact of the Holocaust on established forms of collective Jewish identity and commitment in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The profound rupture in both Jewish and general life during the war and the physical dislocation that followed meant that thousands of survivors in western Europe had to rediscover or discover for the first time their place among other Jews and among their fellow citizens. In attempting to find a new rationale for Jewish survival, leading Jewish figures of all stripes recognized that there could be no simple return to what they believed were the pre-war polarities of religious orthodoxy on the one hand and assimilationism on the other. With the aid of money from reparation payments and the guidance of organizations like the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC), French, Belgian, and Dutch Jewish leaders created new institutions, such as Jewish community centres, summer camps, and sports clubs, to appeal to a mobile and unsettled population. While not all of these efforts were immediately successful, what slowly emerged were new forms of Jewish consciousness that enabled young men and women to express their commitment to a shared fate outside the traditional framework of formal religious and educational institutions.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Law and Pharmaceutical Legislation in Spain and in the European Union: Concept, Evolution and Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (87(03)) ◽  
pp. 275-322
Author(s):  
Alfonso Noguera Peña ◽  
Carlos del Castillo Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Concept Evolution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Regulatory Development ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Medicines and the professional activity of the pharmacists are the subject of study of Pharmaceutical Law and Pharmaceutical Legislation. In this paper, on the one hand, the definition of these disciplines is examined, as well as their field of study, evolution and sources. On the other hand, the development of Pharmaceutical Legislation in the European Union is analysed in three clearly differentiated periods and related to different juridic enactments of generations of norms that affect medicines. Special attention has been paid to the so–called third generation standards, as the regulatory developments at European Union level and national level have been depened in the last three decades. Finally, those areas of the pharmaceutical sector that could have a regulatory development in the coming years are detailed.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Physical Testing and Match Activity Profiles Across the Australian Football League Participation Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-778
Author(s):  
Jade A.Z. Haycraft ◽  
Stephanie Kovalchik ◽  
David B. Pyne ◽  
Sam Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
National Level ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Relative Speed ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Physical Testing ◽  
Australian Football

Purpose: To establish levels of association between physical fitness and match activity profiles of players in the Australian Football League (AFL) participation pathway. Methods: Players (N = 287, range 10.9–19.1 y) were assessed on 20-m sprint, AFL agility, vertical jump and running vertical jump, 20-m multistage fitness test (MSFT), and Athletic Abilities Assessment. Match activity profiles were obtained from global positioning system measures: relative speed, maximal velocity, and relative high-speed running. Results: Correlational analyses revealed moderate relationships between sprint (r = .32–.57, P ≤ .05) and jump test scores (r = .34–.78, P ≤ .05) and match activity profiles in Local U12, Local U14, National U16, and National U18s, except jump tests in National U18s. AFL agility was also moderate to strongly associated in Local U12, Local U14, Local U18, and National U16s (r = .37–.87, P ≤ .05) and strongly associated with relative speed in Local U18s (r = .84, P ≤ .05). Match relative speed and high-speed running were moderate to strongly associated with 20-m MSFT in Local U14, Local U18, and National U18s (r = .41–.95, P ≤ .05) and Athletic Abilities Assessment in Local U12 and Local U18s (r = .35–.67, P ≤ .05). Match activity profile demands increased between Local U12 and National U16s, then plateaued. Conclusions: Physical fitness relates more strongly to match activity profiles in younger adolescent and national-level players. Recruiters should consider adolescent physical fitness and match activity profiles as dynamic across the AFL participation pathway.

scholarly journals The method of projects in the formation of communicative competence of students in language teaching

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
R.M. Aitzhanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Project Method ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Communicative Activity

This article is devoted to the effectiveness of the use of project method in the process of language teaching in educational institutions. The article also shows the specific features of the subject which make the project method more effective. The basic requirements and necessary conditions for the effective use of the project method in language teaching are described. Many advantages of project method such as using the language in a real communicative situation, integration of all types of communicative activity (speaking, writing, reading and listening) are demonstrated in this work as well as the description of project training is shown to be means of activation of creative and cognitive activities of students.

scholarly journals With Crisis Comes Opportunity: Redesigning Performance Departments of Elite Sports Clubs for Life After a Global Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott McLean ◽  
David Rath ◽  
Simon Lethlean ◽  
Matt Hornsby ◽  
James Gallagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
System A ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Work Domain Analysis ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
Return To Competition

The suspension of major sporting competitions due to the global COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial negative impact on the sporting industry. As such, a successful and sustainable return to sport will require extensive modifications to the current operations of sporting organizations. In this article we argue that methods from the realm of sociotechnical systems (STS) theory are highly suited for this purpose. The aim of the study was to use such methods to develop a model of an Australian Football League (AFL) club’s football department. The intention was to identify potential modifications to the club’s operations to support a return to competition following the COVID-19 crisis. Subject Matter Experts from an AFL club participated in three online workshops to develop Work Domain Analysis and Social Organization and Cooperation Analysis models. The results demonstrated the inherent complexity of an AFL football department via numerous interacting values, functions and processes influencing the goals of the system. Conflicts within the system were captured via the modeling and included pursing goals that may not fully reflect the state of the system, a lack of formal assessment of core values, overlapping functions and objects, and an overemphasis on specialized roles. The current analysis has highlighted potential areas for modification in the football department, and sports performance departments in general.

Is injury associated with team performance in elite Australian football? 20 years of player injury and team performance data that include measures of individual player value

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tyler Hoffman ◽  
Dan Brian Dwyer ◽  
Steven J Bowe ◽  
Patrick Clifton ◽  
Paul B Gastin
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Individual Player ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
The One ◽  
Injury Burden ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo determine whether specific injury measures were associated with team performance in the Australian Football League (AFL).Methods15 289 injuries caused players from 18 teams to miss 51 331 matches between 1997 and 2016. Data were aggregated to the team level. We analysed the associations among injury measures and team performance (reaching finals/playoffs and specific ladder/table position). Injury measures per team included: injury incidence, injury severity, injury burden, player match availability and percentage of the full player roster injured. We also weighted injury measures by five measures of player value.ResultsAFL teams’ injury burden and player match availability were associated with final table position (r2=0.03, p<0.05). Player value weighted injury burden was different between finalists and non-finalists (mean difference=−8, p<0.001) and explained 12% of the variation in the table position of teams (p<0.001). For a team, nine missed matches due to injury (burden weighted by a best and fairest player rating system) was associated with one lower table position. Player match availability weighted by player value was higher for finalists than non-finalists (mean difference=1.7, p<0.01) and explained 7% of the variation in the table position of teams (p<0.001).Discussion and potential implicationsThe impact of injury (burden weighted by best and fairest) explained up to 12% of the variation in final table position—this is particularly relevant to making/not making playoffs as well as home ground/travel advantages for those teams that make the one-game format of AFL playoffs (not home-away or best of seven format).

“Channeling” the powers of God’s Word

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea E. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Spiritual Power ◽  
New Materials ◽  
God's Word ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Starting with the controversial esoteric employment of audio recordings by followers of the charismatic Muslim preacher Sharif Haidara in Mali, the article explores the dynamics emerging at the interface of different technologies and techniques employed by those engaging the realm of the Divine. I focus attention on the “border zone” between, on the one hand, techniques for appropriating scriptures based on long-standing religious conventions, and, on the other, audio recording technologies, whose adoption not yet established authoritative and standardized forms of practice, thereby generating insecurities and becoming the subject of heated debate. I argue that “recyclage” aptly describes the dynamics of this “border zone” because it captures the ways conventional techniques of accessing the Divine are reassessed and reemployed, by integrating new materials and rituals. Historically, appropriations of the Qur’an for esoteric purposes have been widespread in Muslim West Africa. These esoteric appropriations are at the basis of the considerable continuities, overlaps and crossovers, between scripture-related esoteric practices on one side, and the treatment by Sharif Haidara’s followers of audio taped sermons as vessels of his spiritual power, on the other.

PHILOSOPHICAL PROPAEDEUTICS IN THE SYSTEM OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Gan N.Yu. ◽  
Ponomareva L.I. ◽  
Obukhova K.A.
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training

Today, worldview, spiritual and moral problems that have always been reflected in education and upbringing come to the fore in society. In this situation, there is a demand for philosophical categories. One of the priority goals of education in modern conditions is the formation of a reasonable, reflexive person who is able to analyze their actions and the actions of other people. Modern science is characterized by an understanding of the absolute value and significance of childhood in the development of the individual, which implies the need for its multilateral study. In the conditions of democratization of all spheres of life, the child ceases to be a passive object of education and training, and becomes an active carrier of their own meanings of being and the subject of world creation. One of the realities of childhood is philosophizing, so it is extremely timely to address the identification of its place and role in the world of childhood. Children's philosophizing is extremely poorly studied, although the need for its analysis is becoming more obvious. Children's philosophizing is one of the forms of philosophical reflection, which has its own qualitative specificity, on the one hand, and commonality with all other forms of philosophizing, on the other. The social relevance of the proposed research lies in the fact that children's philosophizing can be considered as an intellectual indicator of a child's socialization, since the process of reflection involves the adoption and development of culture. Modern society, in contrast to the traditional one, is ready to "accept" a philosophizing child, which means that it is necessary to determine the main characteristics and conditions of children's philosophizing.

The problem of woman’s emansipation in the feuilleton “Amazonia: a very inept story” by Mykola Chirsky

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Iryna Rusnak
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Compositional Structure ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Artistic Heritage

The author of the article analyses the problem of the female emancipation in the little-known feuilleton “Amazonia: A Very Inept Story” (1924) by Mykola Chirsky. The author determines the genre affiliation of the work and examines its compositional structure. Three parts are distinguished in the architectonics of associative feuilleton: associative conception; deployment of a “small” topic; conclusion. The author of the article clarifies the role of intertextual elements and the method of constantly switching the tone from serious to comic to reveal the thematic direction of the work. Mykola Chirsky’s interest in the problem of female emancipation is corresponded to the general mood of the era. The subject of ridicule in provocative feuilleton is the woman’s radical metamorphoses, since repulsive manifestations of emancipation becomes commonplace. At the same time, the writer shows respect for the woman, appreciates her femininity, internal and external beauty, personality. He associates the positive in women with the functions of a faithful wife, a caring mother, and a skilled housewife. In feuilleton, the writer does not bypass the problem of the modern man role in a family, but analyses the value and moral and ethical guidelines of his character. The husband’s bad habits receive a caricatured interpretation in the strange behaviour of relatives. On the one hand, the writer does not perceive the extremes brought by female emancipation, and on the other, he mercilessly criticises the male “virtues” of contemporaries far from the standard. The artistic heritage of Mykola Chirsky remains little studied. The urgent task of modern literary studies is the introduction of Mykola Chirsky’s unknown works into the scientific circulation and their thorough scientific understanding.

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