scholarly journals Transformation and continuity in pesna practise: The case of Breznitsa’s Pomak communityPesna pratiğinde dönüşüm ve süreklilik: Breznitsa Pomak topluluğu örnek olayı

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Bilgihan Akbaba Bozok ◽  
İbrahim Yavuz Yükselsin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
The Social ◽  
Musical Practices ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Social Components

<p>‘Sociocultural system’, one of the conceptual keywords which for understand the social and cultural structure in anthropology and sociology, contains three main components (material, social, expressive) if one changing occurs in its any components provokes to change in others. Music, as an expressive element of the sociocultural system, gets its share from any changing occurred in the system, even it contributes the changing. Because music is not only an expressive element, but also tightly associated with the ‘material’ and ‘social’ components of the sociocultural system. Therefore, traces of musical factors that change the system during modernization process, occure in the musical practices described with the concepts as ‘traditional’, ‘folkloric’, ‘authentic’ etc. Culture and people or communities who produce it, in order to remain their existence with the changing process, set up their strategies, reformatting older means for cultural expression besides produce new ones. This reformatting is result with ‘cultural transformation’. At the end of the modernity process starting with the technological evolution and changing in sociocultural values, on the one hand the simple structures of the traditional societies are transformed into the complex structures of the modern societies; on the other hand these simple structures are redefine combining with modern ones and acquire a new continuity in the modernity.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Antropoloji ve sosyolojide toplumsal yapıyı anlamak için kullanılan anahtar kavramlardan biri olan ‘Sosyo-kültürel dizge’, herhangi bir değişimin diğerlerinde de değişime neden olduğu üç ana bileşenden (maddi, toplumsal, ifadesel) oluşur. Sosyokültürel dizgenin ifadesel bir öğesi olarak müzik de sözkonusu dizgede ortaya çıkan herhangi bir değişimden payını alır, hatta kimi zaman değişime katkıda bulunur. Çünkü müzik yalnızca bir ‘ifade’ olmayıp, sosyokültürel dizgenin ‘maddi’ ve ‘toplumsal’ bileşenleri ile de sıkı sıkıya ilişkilidir. Bu nedenle, modernleşme sürecinde dizgeyi değiştiren müziksel etkenlerin izleri ‘geleneksel’, ‘folklorik’, ‘otantik’ vb. kavramlarla tanımlanan müzik pratiklerinde de ortaya çıkar. Kültür ve onu üreten insan veya insan toplulukları ise değişim süreci ile birlikte varlıklarını sürdürebilmek için stratejilerini yeni kültürel ifade araçları üretmenin yanısıra eski olanı yeniden biçimlendirmek üzerine de kurarlar. Bu yeniden biçimlendirme ise çoğu zaman ‘kültürel dönüşüm’ ile sonuçlanır. Teknolojik ilerleme ve sosyokültürel değerlerdeki değişimlerle başlayan modernleşme süreci sonucunda, bir taraftan geleneksel toplumların basit yapıları modern toplumların karmaşık yapılarına dönüşürken öte yandan moderniteye ilişkin olanlarla yeniden tanımlandığı ve modernite içinde yeni bir süreklilik kazandığı görülür.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluating and Planning Green Infrastructure: A Strategic Perspective for Sustainability and Resilience

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angioletta Voghera ◽  
Benedetta Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Ecological Indicators ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Strategic Perspective ◽  
Social Components

In the light of the current changing global scenarios, green infrastructure is obtaining increasing relevance in planning policies, especially due to its ecological, environmental and social components which contribute to pursuing sustainable and resilient planning and designing of cities and territories. The issue of green infrastructure is framed within the conceptual contexts of sustainability and resilience, which are described through the analysis of their common aspects and differences with a particular focus on planning elements. In particular, the paper uses two distinct case studies of green infrastructure as representative: the green infrastructure of the Region Languedoc-Roussillon in France and the one of the Province of Turin in Italy. The analysis of two case studies focuses on the evaluation process carried on about the social-ecological system and describes the methodologies and the social-ecological indicators used to define the green infrastructure network. We related these indicators to their possible contribution to the measurement of sustainability and resilience. The analysis of this relationship led us to outline some conclusive considerations on the complex role of the design of green infrastructure with reference to sustainability and resilience.

scholarly journals Social Position and Direction of Maritime Society Transformation (Case Study on Community Community Maritime Affairs Bugis Makassar South Sulawesi)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eymal B. Demmallino ◽  
M. Saleh S. Ali ◽  
Abd. Qadir Gassing ◽  
Munsi Lampe ◽  
La Nalefo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Social Pathology ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Maritime Community

The study aimed to analyze the social position of the maritime community in the context of maritime economic behavior and attempt to determine the direction for socio-cultural transformation in an effort to build a maritime civilization in State Bugis Makassar South Sulawesi. This study uses Verstehen (qualitative interpretative) to the maritime community's social position and the possibility of choice over the direction of its transformation process. The results showed that the social position the maritime community in the position marked with the mentality of economic behavior kelemah adab ~ karsaan, where on the one hand weak capital owners tend to behave in manners (exploit workers) as a consequence of the influence of capitalism and on the other, workers tend to behave weak intention (not productive, excessive dependence ~ resigned, and consumptive life style) as a consequence of the influence of classical Sufism. Worsened by the presence of modernization (acceleration technology ~ carbide) that are not relevant to the potential maritime and impartiality of policy makers resulting in further social pathology (each claimed), environmental destruction, and the destruction of the local culture. This study merekomendir necessity of directing the transformation of socio-cultural community of the maritime community in efforts to grow ~ develop economic behavior that mentality kekuat adab ~ karsaan as a major foundation in building a maritime civilization. In this effort the government alignments and selection of appropriate technologies to realize it is absolutely necessary.

Between adoption and adaptation: Unveiling the complexity of the Orquestra Geração

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-309
Author(s):  
Jorge Alexandre Costa ◽  
Ana Isabel Cruz ◽  
Graça Mota
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Social ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Musical Practices ◽  
Present Part ◽  
Cultural Historical Activity ◽  
Set Up

In this article, we present part of the results from a wide-ranging research study addressing Orquestra Geração (OG), a Sistema-like project set up in Portugal in 2007. Orquestra Geração strives to bring about, through collective musical practices, the social inclusion and social mobility of children and teenagers experiencing educational and social vulnerability. The data collected include semi-structured interviews with three OG mentors, one of whom currently serves as the OG director, the OG sub-director, former national coordinators, the current national coordinator, and school coordinators, as well as observations of music classes, orchestra rehearsals and intensive summer internships. We briefly describe the project before detailing the organization’s identity and the profile of its music teachers in a narrative highlighted by the actors’ own words. Finally, we analyse the OG through the lenses of two different and yet complementary conceptual frameworks: Mintzberg’s organizational typology, and Cultural-Historical Activity Theory, as expanded and applied by Engeström. Findings suggest an underlying tension between adopting El Sistema’s methodology, as implemented in Venezuela, and adapting this to the Portuguese context. Moreover, a concentration of power in a few key figures may possibly prevent Orquestra Geração from prospering within a framework where its identity stands out as an autonomous project from El Sistema.

scholarly journals Institutional Individualisation? The Family in European Social Security Institutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA FRERICKS ◽  
JULIA HÖPPNER ◽  
RALF OCH
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Employee Rights ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Welfare Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Institutional Order

AbstractWelfare institutions have long been set up in most European countries in ways oriented towards the family as the one basic principle. Reforms in recent times however have fundamentally changed the conception of the social citizen. Yet social rights are still mainly conceptualised in the literature in terms of employee rights, and family elements are often interpreted as a kind of vestige of the traditional welfare-state policies of industrial societies.In this paper we develop a formula for making the weight of the family in social security visible and comparing it through the evaluation of cross-country levels of institutional individualisation. We deliver original theoretical, conceptual and empirical insights into the welfare-institutional order with the aim of furthering the understanding of the current social constitution of European societies. The findings show that there is considerable variation in the degree to which welfare institutions treat the social citizen as an individual and that the results do not correspond to common welfare categorisations.

scholarly journals FACTOR MODEL FOR ACMEOLOGICAL INVARIANTS OF PROFESSIONALISM OF HEADS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
A. A. Buchek ◽  
A. V. Ermolenko
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Social Components

The present research features a model of acmeological invariants of professionalism inherent to heads of vocational educational institutions. The paper provides an analysis of the basic concepts of professionalism in the national psychology, in particular, the professionalism of managers in the field of vocational education. It was established that the professionalism of managers in the field of education can be considered in terms of competence approach. The article describes the concept of "cognitive style" as an individual way of information processing, considered as metacognitive ability. The authors conducted a study of acmeological invariants of professionalism, including personal characteristics, management skills, motivational and value spheres, and cognitive features of information processing displayed by the heads of vocational educational institutions. The article describes the factors of professionalism obtained during the implementation of the  expolatory factor analysis. As a result, the authors allocated four blocks of acmeological invariants of professionalism. They include professional, personal, value, and social components. The paper also contains an analysis of the main components of the model. The authors note the leading role of feedback between the director and the employees, the importance of the social component expressed in the ability of the director to build a system of communication with the subordinates, and the importance of cognitive styles, which are directly included in the structure of the main factors of the model.

The Practical and Professional Relevance of Educational Research and Pedagogical Knowledge from the Perspective of History: Reflections on the Belgian Case in its International Background

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Depaepe
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Pedagogical Knowledge ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One

During the past 25 years, the author has set up several research projects in the history of education. A lot of them focus on the so-called ‘educationalisation’ or ‘pedagogisation’ process, that is the increasing importance of educational phenomena (educational conceptions, mentalities and practices and their legitimation in educational research and pedagogical knowledge) in society. On the basis of such studies it is possible to draw at least partial answers to the problem of the practical and professional relevance of educational research and pedagogical knowledge in the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. Among other things, analyses of the inception of experimental research, of the change and continuity of in the ‘progressive’ area, of the social significance of the teaching profession, as well as of everyday life in ordinary schools, show an almost persistent tension between ‘rhetoric’ and ‘reality’ on the one hand, and between ‘higher’ and ‘lower’ pedagogy on the other. Tackling these kind of paradoxes is not only very helpful in qualifying the enduring attempts to improve education by research, but also in demythologising the educational past — a task to which contemporary history of education has devoted itself.

scholarly journals Rights of Non-Muslim and Sanctity of Human Life: In the Light of the Era of Prophet (S.A.W) and the Righteous Caliphate Periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-311
Author(s):  
Muhammad Suleman Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Single Person ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Protection Of Life

غیر مسلموں کے حقوق  اور انسانی جان کی حرمت : عہدِنبویﷺو خلفائےراشدین کی روشنی میں Islam guarantees the protection of life, property, honour, and dignity of all the members of society, regardless of their religion, colour, race or ethnicity. Sanctity of human life is the fundamental issue and Islam emphasized on it the most. Holy Quran declared the murder of a single person as the killing of all humanity. Islam always secured the rights of non-Muslims. Protecting the lives, dignity and property of non-Muslim living in an Islamic state is a duty of a Muslims in general and the Islamic State in particular. The manner in which the rights of non-Muslims were protected in the era of the Prophet (S.A.W) and the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs is unprecedented. The Prophet (S.A.W) gave this protection constitutional and legal status through his teachings and practice. Our Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) declared that “The one who killed any Dhmmī would not get the fragrance of Paradise though its fragrance can be sensed at a distance of forty years journey”. In the era of the righteous caliphs, the rights of non-Muslims were also safeguarded. This article is a description of the rights of non-Muslims with reference to the sanctity of human life in Islam. It also throws light on the unique teachings of Islam regarding the fundamental rights of minorities in the period of the Prophet and the Rightly Guided Caliphs. A descriptive and analytical research methodology will be used in this research to obtain results and recommendations. The expected results and recommendations of the study will guide the Muslims and non-Muslims to harmonize the social set up around the globe.

Deployment automation of hydrological forecasting systems on a global scale.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Onate-Paladines ◽  
Bart van Osnabrugge ◽  
Jan Verkade ◽  
Albrecht Weerts
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Hydrological Forecasting ◽  
System Maintenance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Components

&lt;p&gt;Hydrological forecasting systems represent an important decision-making tool for water and risk management. In this context, there is increasing development and implementation of such systems worldwide, which are commonly tailor-made: designed and configured according to the information and hydrological models available for a specific location and/or extent to answer to precise needs. Therefore, the concepts of setup automation and replicability of configuration of such systems are often overlooked, especially when they follow a model-centric approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, in a global forecasting context such as the one adopted by Deltares&amp;#8217; GLOFFIS (den Toom et al. 2020), the automation of hydrological forecasting systems&amp;#8217; set up becomes an essential part for the development, as it enables the fast forward and constant addition of local specialized models where available in the system on a global extent, as well as by using local regional weather forecasts, reanalysis models or satellite data as forcing to produce estimates of various hydrological parameters, instead of focusing on a single model or NWP source.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In that sense, a prototype of a configuration production system for GLOFFIS was developed, which comprises two main components: (1) an external relational database holding the information regarding the set of hydrological models to be incorporated and weather data products used and, (2) a set of python scripts, that query the database and generate the configuration XML files needed for the system (as GLOFFIS is based on Delft-FEWS) to accomplish an automated deployment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This new approach for system&amp;#8217;s configuration boosts the potential related to system maintenance, expansion, and replicability, which could be beneficial not only when developing large hydrological forecasting systems, but also for local systems developed using Delft-FEWS, as well as to encourage the distribution of forecasting systems worldwide.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;den Toom, M., Verkade, J., Weerts, A., and Schotmeijer, G.-J.: Development of the Deltares global fluvial flood forecast system, EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4&amp;#8211;8 May 2020, EGU2020-22344, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-22344, 2020.&lt;/p&gt;

Murder with Impunity: The Construction of Arab Masculinities and Honor Crimes

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
May Abu Jaber
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
Male Authority ◽  
Cultural Networks ◽  
Gender Specific

Violence against women (VAW) continues to exist as a pervasive, structural,systematic, and institutionalized violation of women’s basic human rights (UNDivision of Advancement for Women, 2006). It cuts across the boundaries of age, race, class, education, and religion which affect women of all ages and all backgrounds in every corner of the world. Such violence is used to control and subjugate women by instilling a sense of insecurity that keeps them “bound to the home, economically exploited and socially suppressed” (Mathu, 2008, p. 65). It is estimated that one out of every five women worldwide will be abused during her lifetime with rates reaching up to 70 percent in some countries (WHO, 2005). Whether this abuse is perpetrated by the state and its agents, by family members, or even by strangers, VAW is closely related to the regulation of sexuality in a gender specific (patriarchal) manner. This regulation is, on the one hand, maintained through the implementation of strict cultural, communal, and religious norms, and on the other hand, through particular legal measures that sustain these norms. Therefore, religious institutions, the media, the family/tribe, cultural networks, and the legal system continually disciplinewomen’s sexuality and punish those women (and in some instances men) who have transgressed or allegedly contravened the social boundaries of ‘appropriateness’ as delineated by each society. Such women/men may include lesbians/gays, women who appear ‘too masculine’ or men who appear ‘too feminine,’ women who try to exercise their rights freely or men who do not assert their rights as ‘real men’ should, women/men who have been sexually assaulted or raped, and women/men who challenge male/older male authority.

A estranha objetividade do valor: trabalho, ideologia e capital no pensamento de Marx

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-175
Author(s):  
Wécio Pinheiro Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Concrete Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Logic ◽  
The One

Resumo: Em O Capital, Marx nos alertou que a mercadoria tem um caráter misterioso que carrega “sutilezas metafísicas e argúcias teológicas”. Este artigo tenta decifrar um pouco desse mistério buscando decodifica-lo naquilo que denominamos como a estranha objetividade do valor. Para isso, analisamos a relação entre a ideologia e o valor a partir da crítica marxiana à mercadoria, consignada à lógica de Hegel. Vemos que o valor se constitui como razão ontológica da mercadoria enquanto produto do processo de trabalho que carrega uma racionalidade imanente, isto é, um espírito socialmente produzido que se objetiva à medida que é vivenciado pelos indivíduos como uma lógica social que rege as relações nesta sociedade. Isso se dá por meio de “sutilezas metafísicas” na formação da realidade social marcada por contradições estabelecidas entre, de um lado, o conteúdo objetivo das relações sociais, e de outro, a forma como essas relações são vivenciadas pela consciência na sociedade capitalista. Nesta relação entre conteúdo e forma, encontramos determinações de profundidade ontológica entre o valor e a ideologia, enquanto forma social que opera harmonizando as contradições constituintes da realidade social, a exemplo do que acontece no trabalho assalariado. A mediação ideológica se põe como uma progressão imanente à materialização da vivência concreta da relação entre capital e trabalho no salário, de maneira a naturalizar a exploração que se esconde na estranha objetividade do valor que se realiza na troca de mercadorias. Concluímos que a conexão ontológica entre o ser social e a mercadoria é socialmente ubíqua, precisamente por conta do seu caráter ideológico na formação da sociabilidade a partir do processo de trabalho subjugado ao capital.  Palavras-chave: Valor. Ideologia. Trabalho, Capital. Salário.  Abstract: In Capital, Marx warned us that the commodity has a mysterious character bearing "metaphysical subtleties and theological insights." This article attempts to decipher a little of this mystery by decoding it into what we call the strange objectivity of value. For this, we analyze the relation between ideology and value from the Marxian critique of the commodity, consigned to the Hegelian logic. We see that value is constituted as the ontological reason of the commodity as the product of the labor process that carries an immanent rationality, that is, a socially produced spirit that is objectified as it is experienced by the individuals as a social logic that governs the relations in this society. This is done through "metaphysical subtleties" in the formation of social reality marked by contradictions established between, on the one hand, the objective content of social relations, and on the other, the way in which these relations are experienced by consciousness in capitalist society. In this relationship between content and form, we find determinations of ontological depth between value and ideology, as a social form that operates by harmonizing the constituent contradictions of social reality, as in wage labor. Ideological mediation is seen as an immanent progression to the materialization of the concrete experience of the relation between capital and labor in wage, in order to naturalize the exploitation that is hidden in the strange objectivity of the value that is realized in the exchange of commodities. We conclude that the ontological connection between the social being and the commodity is socially ubiquitous precisely because of its ideological character in the formation of sociability from the labor process subjugated to capital.  Keywords: Value. Labor. Ideology. Capital. Wage.  REFERÊNCIAS  ADORNO, Theodor W. Teoria Estética. [Asthetische Theorie]. Tradução de Artur Morão. – São Paulo : Livraria Martins Fontes, 1988.  ADORNO, Theodor W. Três estudos sobre Hegel. [Drei Studien zu Hegel]. Tradução: Ulisses Razzante Vaccari. – 1. Ed. – São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2013.  ARAÚJO, Wécio Pinheiro. Ideologia e capital: crítica da razão imanente à sociedade moderna. Tese de doutorado. João Pessoa, PB; Leipzig, Saxônia, UFPB/UFPE/UFRN-HGB, 2018.  ARTHUR, Christopher J. A nova dialética e “O Capital” de Marx. Tradução de Pedro C. Chadarevian. – São Paulo : Edipro, 2016.   DUSSEL, Enrique. A Produção Teórica de Marx: um comentário sobre os Grundrisse. Tradução de José Paulo Netto. – 1 ed. – São Paulo : Expressão Popular, 2012. GERAS, Norman. Marx and the Critique of Political Economy. In: Ideology and Social Science: politics, sociology, anthropology, economics, history. – Ed. by Robin Blackburn, Fontana/Collins, 1977, p. 284-305.  JAEGGI, Rahel. Alienation: News directions in Critical Theory. Columbia Uni. Press, 2014.  HERÁCLITO, de Éfeso. Heráclito : fragmentos contextualizados. Tradução, apresentação e comentários Alexandre Costa. – São Paulo : Odysseus Editora, 2012.  HEGEL, G. W. F. Fenomenologia do Espírito [Phänomenologie des Geistes]. Tradução de Paulo Meneses; com a colaboração de Karl-Heinz Efken, e José Nogueira Machado. – 5. ed. – Petrópolis, RJ : Vozes : Bragança Paulista, Editora Universitária São Francisco, 2008.  MARX, Karl. Das Kapital: Der Produktionprozess des Kapitals. Erster Band, Erstes Buch (Kapitel XVI-LII). Hamburg, Nikol Verlag., 2016.  MARX, Karl. Grundrisse: manuscritos econômicos de 1857-1858 : esboços da crítica da economia política. – supervisão editorial Mario Duayer; tradução Mario Duayer, Nélio Schneider (colaboração de Alice Helga Werner e Rudiger Hoffman). – São Paulo : Boitempo; Rio de Janeiro: Ed. UFRJ, 2011.  MARX, Karl. Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos. [Ökonomie-philosophische Manuskripte] Tradução, apresentação e notas de Jesus Ranieri. - 2. reimp. - São Paulo : Boitempo Editorial, 2008.  MARX, Karl. O Capital – Crítica da Economia Política. Livro 1 – O Processo de Produção do Capital. Vol. I – 10 ª. Edição, Tradução de Reginaldo Sant’ Anna. Do original em alemão: DAS KAPITAL – Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Buch I: Der Produktionsprozes des Kapitals, Quarta edição, 1890). São Paulo : DIFEL, 1985.  MARX, Karl. O Capital – Crítica da Economia Política. Livro 1 – O processo de produção do capital. Do original em alemão: DAS KAPITAL – Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Buch 1: Der Produktionsprozess des Kapitals.  – São Paulo: Boitempo, 2013.   NICHOLS, Bill. Ideology and the Image: Social Representation in the Cinema and Other Media. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981.

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