Between adoption and adaptation: Unveiling the complexity of the Orquestra Geração

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-309
Author(s):  
Jorge Alexandre Costa ◽  
Ana Isabel Cruz ◽  
Graça Mota

In this article, we present part of the results from a wide-ranging research study addressing Orquestra Geração (OG), a Sistema-like project set up in Portugal in 2007. Orquestra Geração strives to bring about, through collective musical practices, the social inclusion and social mobility of children and teenagers experiencing educational and social vulnerability. The data collected include semi-structured interviews with three OG mentors, one of whom currently serves as the OG director, the OG sub-director, former national coordinators, the current national coordinator, and school coordinators, as well as observations of music classes, orchestra rehearsals and intensive summer internships. We briefly describe the project before detailing the organization’s identity and the profile of its music teachers in a narrative highlighted by the actors’ own words. Finally, we analyse the OG through the lenses of two different and yet complementary conceptual frameworks: Mintzberg’s organizational typology, and Cultural-Historical Activity Theory, as expanded and applied by Engeström. Findings suggest an underlying tension between adopting El Sistema’s methodology, as implemented in Venezuela, and adapting this to the Portuguese context. Moreover, a concentration of power in a few key figures may possibly prevent Orquestra Geração from prospering within a framework where its identity stands out as an autonomous project from El Sistema.

Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Cruz-Morato ◽  
Carmen Dueñas-Zambrana ◽  
Josefa García-Mestanza

The situation of labour inclusion of people with disabilities in Spain is still too negative, in spite of the different efforts carried out by public and private sector. Previous research points to social discrimination as one of the main causes of the situation. Ilunion Hotels is one of the most important hotel companies in Spain focused on labour inclusion of people with disabilities. The objective of this paper is to explore the social inclusion case of Ilunion Hotels of the Costa del Sol, the actions that they have developed to improve the labour integration of this collective, based on a behavioral economics theoretical model (with a high relevance of the influence of social stigma, stress theories and coping to stress responses). We look into the specific situation of two of the three hotels developed as Special Employment Centres (sheltered employment contexts defined by Spanish legislation) and the possible impact of their Support Units for Professional Activity. Case study methodology is considered the most appropriate, according to the research objective, supported by semi-structured interviews with the hotel managers. The results show that, although Special Employment Centres are effective in improving labour integration in the short term and could contribute to change the long-term social perspectives about workers with disabilities, they could be also reinforcing the social stigma existing in the ordinary market.


2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Embiricos

Abstract The years following the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ of 2015 saw unprecedented efforts to promote the social and economic inclusion of refugees and asylum seekers. Entrepreneurship has been praised as a promising route to refugee self-reliance, but its viability remains contested and under-researched in developed economies such as Germany. Limited literature on the topic suggests entrepreneurship is a useful route to self-sufficiency, although refugees face more barriers than other immigrant entrepreneurs, such as language barriers and bureaucratic processes. This article uses semi-structured interviews with refugee entrepreneurs, civil society, social enterprises and the public sector to identify the main challenges for refugee entrepreneurs and to examine whether entrepreneurship is effective for achieving self-reliance in one of the most important centres for creating innovative projects supporting refugee inclusion and entrepreneurship, namely Berlin. Though it is too early to demonstrate whether entrepreneurship has long-term economic gains, this research shows that entrepreneurship is not a ‘fast track’ to economic self-reliance, but has several benefits for social inclusion. It also demonstrates the importance of holistic support systems for refugee entrepreneurs and the difficulty of refugee entrepreneurial success even in the most developed economies.


2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Bilgihan Akbaba Bozok ◽  
İbrahim Yavuz Yükselsin

<p>‘Sociocultural system’, one of the conceptual keywords which for understand the social and cultural structure in anthropology and sociology, contains three main components (material, social, expressive) if one changing occurs in its any components provokes to change in others. Music, as an expressive element of the sociocultural system, gets its share from any changing occurred in the system, even it contributes the changing. Because music is not only an expressive element, but also tightly associated with the ‘material’ and ‘social’ components of the sociocultural system. Therefore, traces of musical factors that change the system during modernization process, occure in the musical practices described with the concepts as ‘traditional’, ‘folkloric’, ‘authentic’ etc. Culture and people or communities who produce it, in order to remain their existence with the changing process, set up their strategies, reformatting older means for cultural expression besides produce new ones. This reformatting is result with ‘cultural transformation’. At the end of the modernity process starting with the technological evolution and changing in sociocultural values, on the one hand the simple structures of the traditional societies are transformed into the complex structures of the modern societies; on the other hand these simple structures are redefine combining with modern ones and acquire a new continuity in the modernity.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Antropoloji ve sosyolojide toplumsal yapıyı anlamak için kullanılan anahtar kavramlardan biri olan ‘Sosyo-kültürel dizge’, herhangi bir değişimin diğerlerinde de değişime neden olduğu üç ana bileşenden (maddi, toplumsal, ifadesel) oluşur. Sosyokültürel dizgenin ifadesel bir öğesi olarak müzik de sözkonusu dizgede ortaya çıkan herhangi bir değişimden payını alır, hatta kimi zaman değişime katkıda bulunur. Çünkü müzik yalnızca bir ‘ifade’ olmayıp, sosyokültürel dizgenin ‘maddi’ ve ‘toplumsal’ bileşenleri ile de sıkı sıkıya ilişkilidir. Bu nedenle, modernleşme sürecinde dizgeyi değiştiren müziksel etkenlerin izleri ‘geleneksel’, ‘folklorik’, ‘otantik’ vb. kavramlarla tanımlanan müzik pratiklerinde de ortaya çıkar. Kültür ve onu üreten insan veya insan toplulukları ise değişim süreci ile birlikte varlıklarını sürdürebilmek için stratejilerini yeni kültürel ifade araçları üretmenin yanısıra eski olanı yeniden biçimlendirmek üzerine de kurarlar. Bu yeniden biçimlendirme ise çoğu zaman ‘kültürel dönüşüm’ ile sonuçlanır. Teknolojik ilerleme ve sosyokültürel değerlerdeki değişimlerle başlayan modernleşme süreci sonucunda, bir taraftan geleneksel toplumların basit yapıları modern toplumların karmaşık yapılarına dönüşürken öte yandan moderniteye ilişkin olanlarla yeniden tanımlandığı ve modernite içinde yeni bir süreklilik kazandığı görülür.</p>


Author(s):  
Francis Gabriela Do Nascimento Chajon ◽  
Carolina Maria Do Carmo Alonso ◽  
Beatriz Akemi Takeiti

Introdução: A literatura aponta diversas pesquisas envolvendo o sistema prisional, entretanto, são escassos aqueles que dão visibilidade às atividades dos profissionais que, cotidianamente, acompanham o processo de inclusão dos apenados no trabalho. Objetivo: Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar a percepção dos trabalhadores do sistema prisional sobre suas atividades relacionadas a inclusão no trabalho de apenados em meio aberto. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa, que teve como participantes trabalhadores de uma instituição prisional que faz inclusão de apenados no trabalho no município do Rio de Janeiro. Sete entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas e analisadas pelo método da análise de conteúdo. Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados desta pesquisa identificaram aspectos sobre o funcionamento da instituição, bem como do processo de identificação do apenado para ressocialização ainda no regime fechado e atividades incentivadoras a permanência no trabalho de egressos da penitenciária. Ademais, a pesquisa demonstrou que os trabalhadores entrevistados não tinham formação específica para trabalhar no contexto prisional, traços de precariedade nas condições de trabalho e desconhecimento da sociedade civil sobre a realidade explorada nesse estudo. Assim, embora o trabalho seja reconhecido como eixo para a inclusão social dos apenados, ainda existem barreiras nesse processo. Conclusão: Esta pesquisa deu visibilidade ao trabalho dos profissionais que desempenham papel singular no sistema prisional. Espera-se que as informações levantadas sejam úteis para que formuladores de políticas públicas possam aprimorar a atividade desses trabalhadores. Sugere-se que outras pesquisas sejam realizadas visando engendrar soluções para as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos trabalhadores. AbstractThere are several investigations about the prison system and its actors. However, few papers addresses the activities of the professionals that daily deals with the process of inclusion of the prisoners in work. Objective: To analyze the perception of prison workers on their activities related to inclusion by the work of the prisoners in the open system sentence. Methods: It is qualitative research that had as participants the workers of a prison institution that realize the inclusion in the work of prisoners in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The seven interviews were analyzed by the content analysis method. Results and discussion: This research identified aspects about the functioning of the institution, issues about the process of identification of the person for resocialization, still in the closed regime and activities to promote the permanence in working outside the prison. Besides, the research showed that the interviewed workers did not have specific training to strive in the prison context, traces of precarious working conditions, and lack of knowledge of civil society about this reality. Thus, although work is recognized as the axis for the social inclusion of the convicted, there are barriers in this process. Conclusions: This study gave visibility to the work of professionals who play a unique role in the prison system. It is expected that the information gathered can be useful for policymakers to improve the activity of these workers. It is suggested that further research could aim to generate solutions to the difficulties faced by workers.Keywords: Social Control, Prisons, Employment; Occupational therapy.ResumenHay varias investigaciones sobre el sistema penitenciario y sus actores. Sin embargo, ninguno de ellos dio visibilidad a las actividades de los profesionales que diariamente siguen el proceso de inclusión de los reclusos en el trabajo. Objetivo: Para reducir esta brecha este estudio analizó la percepción de los trabajadores de prisiones sobre sus actividades relacionadas con la inclusión de los detenidos bajo la sentencia de regímen abierto. Metodología: Es una investigación cualitativa que tuvo como sujeto a los trabajadores de un cárcel que promueve la inclusión social a través del trabajo de los detenidos en la Ciudad de Rio de Janeiro. Las siete entrevistas fueron analizadas por el método de análisis de contenido. Resultados y discusión:  Los resultados de esta investigación identificaron los aspectos sobre el funcionamiento del cárcel, cuestiones sobre el proceso de identificación de la persona para el proceso de resocialización aún en régimen cerrado y actividades para incentivar la estancia en el trabajo fuera del cárcel. Además, la investigación apuntó que los trabajadores entrevistados no tenían capacitación específica para trabajar en el contexto de la prisión, rastros de condiciones de trabajo precarias y falta de conocimiento de la sociedad civil sobre la realidad explorada en este estudio. Por lo tanto, aunque el trabajo es reconocido como el eje para la inclusión social de las víctimas, existen barreras en este proceso. Conclusión: Esta investigación dio visibilidad al trabajo de profesionales que juegan un papel singular en el sistema penitenciario. Se espera que la información recopilada sea útil para los responsables políticos para mejorar la actividad de estos trabajadores. Se sugiere que se realicen más investigaciones con el objetivo de generar soluciones a las dificultades que enfrentan los trabajadores.Palabras clave: Control Social, Cárcel, Empleo, Terapia ocupacional.     


polemica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 001-025
Author(s):  
Andreia Filipa Marque Pina ◽  
Bárbara Salomé Ferreira Fernandes ◽  
Beatriz Simões Lourenço ◽  
Eduardo João Ribeiro Santos

Resumo: Assinalado como um fenómeno de extrema vulnerabilidade social, em Portugal, consideram-se em situação de sem-abrigo todos os indivíduos que se encontrem em circunstância de sem-teto, a subsistir em espaços públicos, alojados em abrigos de curta duração, ou sem-casa integrados em alojamento temporário. O artigo em apreço tem como objetivo principal compreender, caracterizar e analisar, do ponto de vista institucional, as tipologias de intervenção que são operacionalizadas pelo setor social junto das pessoas em situação de sem-abrigo. A aditar, pretende examinar a repercussão que a situação pandémica atual do Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) teve na presente população e na prática profissional. Neste sentido, foram realizadas três entrevistas semiestruturadas a profissionais da área das Ciências Sociais e Humanas que integram respostas sociais orientadas para a atuação com este público-alvo. Concluiu-se que, para além da intervenção direta e integrada junto dos mesmos, é basilar efetuar um trabalho para e com a sociedade, no que toca a consciencialização do seu papel e o combate da discriminação e preconceito, sendo a implementação de práticas inovadoras que integrem atividades de cariz educativo a via privilegiada para alcançar esse fim.Palavras-Chave: Situação de sem-abrigo. Exclusão social. Intervenção social. Projetos inovadores. Abstract: Pointed out as a phenomenon of extreme social vulnerability, in Portugal are in a homeless situation all individuals who are without a roof, subsisting in public spaces, housed in short-term shelters, or integrated in temporary accommodations. The main goal of this article is to understand, characterize and analyze, from an institutional point of view, the types of intervention that are operationalized by the social sector with people in homeless situations. In addition, it intends to examine the repercussions of the current situation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the studied population and in professional practice. Therefore, three semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals who work daily in this context and integrate social responses designed to act with the targeted audience. It was concluded that, in addition to direct and integrated interventions, it is essential to work for and with society regarding the awareness of its role and the fight against its discrimination and prejudice, with essential implementation of innovative practices as the privileged route.Keywords: Homelessness. Social exclusion. Social intervention. Innovative projects.


2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Lindsay ◽  
Joanne Leck ◽  
Winny Shen ◽  
Elaine Cagliostro ◽  
Jennifer Stinson

PurposeMany employers lack disability confidence regarding how to include people with disabilities in the workforce, which can lead to stigma and discrimination. The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of disability confidence from two perspectives, employers who hire people with a disability and employees with a disability.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative thematic analysis was conducted using 35 semi-structured interviews (18 employers who hire people with disabilities; 17 employees with a disability).FindingsThemes included the following categories: disability discomfort (i.e. lack of experience, stigma and discrimination); reaching beyond comfort zone (i.e. disability awareness training, business case, shared lived experiences); broadened perspectives (i.e. challenging stigma and stereotypes, minimizing bias and focusing on abilities); and disability confidence (i.e. supportive and inclusive culture and leading and modeling social change). The results highlight that disability confidence among employers is critical for enhancing the social inclusion of people with disabilities.Originality/valueThe study addresses an important gap in the literature by developing a better understanding of the concept of disability from the perspectives of employers who hire people with disabilities and also employees with a disability.


Author(s):  
Darius Gerulaitis ◽  
Liuda Radzevičienė

Nongovernmental organizations are not just reinforcing the sense of sociality, but also permit to develop for the more universal inherent rights and abilities of a person: to extend the experience of a society while communicating with the people with disabilities, to create a social wealth with educational activities not for yourself but also and for others. The aim of a research is to reveal the principles of a social inclusion of people with disabilities but also and to reveal the assumptions in NGO's activities in Lithuania. The social model instead of a physical disability (also people that are treated as „problematic ones'“) failings suggested to identify the barriers that are socially contrasting in society (when people are facing difficulties). It was set up that one assumption of a successful activity of NGO is the ability of people with disabilities to cooperate that is also determined by peculiarities and motives of inter-communication of disabled, that encourages people for general activity. By the research there found factors that encourages and relieves the cooperation of people with disabilities: the content of NGO's activities and social openness and preparation to collaborate of NGO's members that are participating.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-148
Author(s):  
Daniela Esperandio Dias ◽  
Lara Mireny Freitas Patrocínio ◽  
Victoria Maria Singui Guimarães

This article reports the production process, realization and result of the documentary “O que é, o que é?”, about Orfanato Cristo Rei’s history and the role it plays in society. Located in Cariacica-ES, it marked the lives of several children when it was an orphanage and today it works as a non-governmental organization that survives only on donations. Currently, the social work serves children in danger who live at the mercy of violence by their own family or the region they live in. The methodologies used to produce the documentary were bibliographic and field research, and semi-structured interviews — they helped with obtaining information and in the recording of the interviews. “O que é, o que é?” contributes to the memory’s rescue and preservation, and allows reflection on the risky situation of many children in society, encouraging viewers to have a new perception on the social vulnerability of children that live in Cariacica and the importance of welcoming and educative social works.


2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Jelena Vidojević ◽  
Natalija Perišić

The authors explore the discourses around the exclusion of the Roma in Serbia in two dimensions: social welfare sector and media reports. The paper is structured around the presentation of dimensions contributing to multiple deprivation of Roma in society (from education to labor market participation, social welfare and health care, as well as housing); a review of public policies directed toward the improvement of their position; and analysis of the discourses on Roma within the contexts of the social welfare sector and media reporting. A review of related literature and public policy documents was followed by a qualitative analysis of media reports as well as a review of the secondary sources regarding media discourses on the Roma. This was followed by evidence gathered from semi-structured interviews and discussions with stakeholders in the social welfare sector. The main conclusions of the paper point to the mutual reinforcement of the discourses on the Roma in the social welfare sector and media reports, with their subsequent mutual contribution to social exclusion.


2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Alzira Manuel ◽  
Oleg Popov ◽  
Domingos Buque

The current situation of Mozambique, characterized by limited but highly needed Formal Vocational Education, demands the development and improvement of Non-formal Vocational Education and Training (NFVET). NFVET can provide relevant knowledge and skills, particularly for out of school and unemployed youth and adults to promote social inclusion and development. This is a qualitative case study with some elements of action research. Semi-structured interviews with six educators, classroom observations and two focus group interviews with former participants were implemented. The research aims to explore ways by which NFVET programmes can be improved in order to increase people’s chances, not only to get work, but also to be able to participate actively in their own process of development. The findings suggest some directions for the improvement of NFVET in Mozambique in order to empower people to actively participate in the social and economic life of their local communities and broader society. Key words: empowerment, life skills, non-formal vocational education, social inclusion.


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