Quantitative Discrepancy in Cerebral Hemispheric Temperature Associated with "Two Consciousnesses" is Predicted by NeuroQuantum Relations

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Persinger ◽  
Salvatore Meli ◽  
Stanley A. Koren
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Discrepancy ◽  
Hemispheric Temperature

scholarly journals The Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on Climate through Its Influence on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 941-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Delworth ◽  
Fanrong Zeng
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
The North ◽  
Hemispheric Temperature ◽  
Meridional Overturning ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Model Ocean

Abstract The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and large-scale climate is assessed using simulations with three different climate models. Perturbation experiments are conducted in which a pattern of anomalous heat flux corresponding to the NAO is added to the model ocean. Differences between the perturbation experiments and a control illustrate how the model ocean and climate system respond to the NAO. A positive phase of the NAO strengthens the AMOC by extracting heat from the subpolar gyre, thereby increasing deep-water formation, horizontal density gradients, and the AMOC. The flux forcings have the spatial structure of the observed NAO, but the amplitude of the forcing varies in time with distinct periods varying from 2 to 100 yr. The response of the AMOC to NAO variations is small at short time scales but increases up to the dominant time scale of internal AMOC variability (20–30 yr for the models used). The amplitude of the AMOC response, as well as associated oceanic heat transport, is approximately constant as the time scale of the forcing is increased further. In contrast, the response of other properties, such as hemispheric temperature or Arctic sea ice, continues to increase as the time scale of the forcing becomes progressively longer. The larger response is associated with the time integral of the anomalous oceanic heat transport at longer time scales, combined with an increased impact of radiative feedback processes. It is shown that NAO fluctuations, similar in amplitude to those observed over the last century, can modulate hemispheric temperature by several tenths of a degree.

Viscous tails in Hele-Shaw flow

1971 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-576
Author(s):  
C. J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Kutta Condition ◽  
Quantitative Discrepancy ◽  
Edge Flow ◽  
Hele Shaw Cell

An experiment has been performed, using pulsed dye injection on an aerofoil in a Hele-Shaw cell. The purpose was to observe the form of the trailing-edge flow when the Reynolds number was high enough to permit separation and the initiation of a Kutta condition. The experiment provides a successful confirmation of the existence of a ‘viscous tail’ as predicted by Buckmaster (1970) although there is an unexplained quantitative discrepancy.

Year-in-advance Forecasting of the Indian Monsoon Rainfall

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reid A. Bryson ◽  
William H. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Indian Monsoon ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Indian Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Lunar Tides ◽  
Hemispheric Temperature ◽  
Technological Tool ◽  
The Impact

The paper starts out by discussing factors which influence the Indian monsoon rainfall—including Northern Hemispheric temperature changes, long-period soli–lunar tides, and the tidelike phenomena associated with the wobble of the Earth relative to its spin-axis. When the effects of these factors on precipitation are quantified and integrated into a thermodynamical–statistical model, long-range climatic forecasts can be made that are better than chance or than predicting ‘normal’ up to two or more years in advance.Climatic changes have had profound effects on the peoples of India through the controlling influence of the monsoon on Indian agriculture. We now have a technological tool, never before available, that might lessen the impact of variations of the monsoon by forecasting these variations one to two years in advance. The two-years-in-advance 1982 monsoon rainfall forecast for June and July, using the same station models that produced the excellent 1981 forecast, indicates that there is a two-to-one chance that the 1982 Indian monsoon rainfall will be less, in general, in June and July, than it was in 1981. The question which we wish to ask the reader is: How can this new technology be used? For example, how can this type of information be used for planning and policy-making in order to ensure less uncertainty about food supplies in the future than in the past?This region cannot depend upon the monsoon to bring plentiful rain every year, and, therefore, it is essential that we should continue to improve our forecasting capability and that others learn to make optimum use of these forecasts.

scholarly journals Uncertainty in aerosol radiative forcing impacts the simulated global monsoon in the 20th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 14903-14915
Author(s):  
Jonathan K. P. Shonk ◽  
Andrew G. Turner ◽  
Amulya Chevuturi ◽  
Laura J. Wilcox ◽  
Andrea J. Dittus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Scaling Factor ◽  
Global Monsoon ◽  
Tropical Rainfall ◽  
Aerosol Forcing ◽  
Monsoon Area ◽  
Hemispheric Temperature ◽  
Temperature Contrast ◽  
Aerosol Emissions

Abstract. Anthropogenic aerosols are dominant drivers of historical monsoon rainfall change. However, large uncertainties in the radiative forcing associated with anthropogenic aerosol emissions, as well as the dynamical response to this forcing, lead to uncertainty in the simulated monsoon response. We use historical simulations from the “SMURPHS” project, run using HadGEM3-GC3.1, in which the time-varying aerosol emissions are scaled by factors from 0.2 to 1.5 to explore the monsoon sensitivity to historical aerosol forcing uncertainty (present-day versus preindustrial aerosol forcing in the range −0.38 to −1.50 W m−2). The hemispheric asymmetry in emissions generates a strong relationship between scaling factor and both hemispheric temperature contrast and meridional location of tropical rainfall. Averaged over the period 1950–2014, increasing the scaling factor from 0.2 to 1.5 reduces the hemispheric temperature contrast by 0.9 ∘C, reduces the tropical summertime land–sea temperature contrast by 0.3 ∘C and shifts tropical rainfall southwards by 0.28∘ of latitude. The result is a reduction in global monsoon area by 3 % and a reduction in global monsoon intensity by 2 %. Despite the complexity of the monsoon system, the monsoon properties presented above vary monotonically and roughly linearly across scalings. A switch in the dominant influence on the 1950–1980 monsoon rainfall trend between greenhouse gases and aerosol is identified as the scalings increase. Regionally, aerosol scaling has a pronounced effect on Northern Hemisphere monsoon rainfall, with the strongest influence on monsoon area and intensity located in the Asian sector, where local emissions are greatest.

Surface Albedo Increase following Massive Pleistocene Explosive Eruptions in Western North America

1979 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Bray
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Surface Albedo ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Pleistocene Glaciations ◽  
Hemispheric Temperature ◽  
Critical Location ◽  
Volcanic Aerosols ◽  
Explosive Volcanic Eruptions

The eight massive Pleistocene explosive volcanic eruptions which occurred in western North America produced rhyolitic ash layers estimated to have covered from 0.38 to 2.76 × 106 km2 of the western and central portions of the continent. The surface albedo increases in the Northern Hemisphere resulting from these light-colored ash covers varied from around 0.06 to 0.41% assuming ash albedos based on color of around 53 to 65%. These albedo increases resulted in hemispheric temperature decreases of from around 0.07° to 0.41°C with greater cooling in and adjacent to the ash-covered regions. Such albedo-induced temperature declines lasted for at least several decades and reenforced the substantial posteruption cooling caused by volcanic aerosols and by a feedback decrease in atmospheric precipitable water. The magnitude and critical location of these temperature declines may have contributed to summer snow survival in the sub-Arctic plateaus and to a consequent triggering of major Pleistocene glaciations.

scholarly journals Effects of B2O3 on Melting Characteristics and Temperature-Dependent Viscosity of High-Basicity CaO–SiO2–FeOx–MgO Slag

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1214
Author(s):  
Junkai Chong ◽  
Yingying Shen ◽  
Peng Yang ◽  
Jianke Tian ◽  
Wenjuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Slag ◽  
Slag System ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Temperature Dependent Viscosity ◽  
Flow Activation Energy ◽  
B2o3 Content ◽  
High Basicity ◽  
Melting Characteristics ◽  
Hemispheric Temperature ◽  
Dependent Viscosity

In order to reduce the amount of fluorite during the steelmaking process for environmental protection, it is essential to investigate the fluorine-free slag system. Thus, high-basicity CaO–SiO2–FeOx–MgO slag with B2O3 content from 0% to 15% was designed, and its melting characteristics and viscosity were investigated. The influence of B2O3 content on the phase diagram of the slag system was calculated using FactSage 7.3, and the break temperature was determined from the curves of temperature-dependent viscosity. The results show that, with the increase in B2O3 content, the melting characteristics of the CaO–SiO2–FeOx–MgO/B2O3 slag system, including liquidus temperature, flow temperature, softening temperature, and hemispheric temperature, all decreased; the main phase of the slag system transformed from Ca2SiO4 into borosilicate, and finally into borate; the viscous flow activation energy reduced from 690 kJ to 130 kJ; the break temperature reduced from 1590 °C to 1160 °C. Furthermore, the melting characteristics and the break temperature of the slag system with 5% and 8% B2O3 content were found to be the closest to the values of fluorine-containing steel slag.

scholarly journals Estimates of climatic influence on the carbon cycle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Enting ◽  
Nathan Clisby
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Hemispheric Temperature ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Single Number

Abstract. The influence of climatic change on the carbon cycle is important as part of a CO2-climate feedback loop. However the magnitude of the coupling depends on the timescales involved. We expand on previous analyses of the ice-core CO2 data from the pre-industrial period 1000–1750, extending the analysis into the 20th century. Our results emphasise the limitations of characterising the climate-to-CO2 influence by a single number γ. Even once a time-scale dependence is incorporated, the coldest part of the Little Ice Age seems to reflect different behaviour to that in earlier or later centuries. Different temperature reconstructions appear to capture distinct aspects of pre-industrial climate fluctuations that lacked global coherence. An exploratory study extends the analysis into the industrial period. In this study, most paleo-temperature data fail to fit the plateau (or plateaus) in 20th century ice-core CO2, with one particular reconstruction as an exception. One interpretation of this fit is that although the reconstruction does not closely reflect hemispheric temperature changes, it samples a pattern of variation where the terrestrial carbon exchange is anomalously sensitive to regional climate variations. These various results suggest that this type of empirical study may have limited applicability to the 21st century.

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