scholarly journals Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Pembentuk Biofilm dari Tambak Udang Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau Jepara untuk Menghilangkan Amoniak

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Ria Azizah ◽  
Ita Riniatsih ◽  
Delianis Pringgenis ◽  
Chrisna Adhi Suryono ◽  
Suryono Suryono
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Nitrogen Compound ◽  
Shrimp Aquaculture ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Dispersion Method ◽  
Degradation Test ◽  
Microwell Plate

Brackish water shrimp aquaculture activities often result in organic waste from excess of unconsumed foodstuff and biological waste from shrimp biological waste. The high organic contents increase the levels of ammonia, which is toxic to shrimp and many other aqua lives. One of the most widely used organic material biodegradation system as biofilters, biofilm has not yet seen many uses in shrimp aquafarm waste management. This study aims to isolate and screen biofilm-forming primary bacteria with abilities to degrade ammoniacal nitrogen compounds. The processes involved in this study are location survey, wooden and fiber panel installation, planting of panel in the ponds, isolation of bacteria by dispersion method, purification of primary bacteria by scratch method. Ammoniacal nitrogen degradation test was performed by Microwell Plate Chromatogram Assay and UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. The analysis of the bacteria isolates found 66 primary bacteria with biofilm formation abilities. Based on qualitative analysis, 20 isolates displayed potential in degrading ammoniacal nitrogen compound and 7 isolates showed low (<10%) capacity in degrading ammoniacal nitrogen.  Key words: biofilm-forming primary bacteria, ammoniacal nitrogen, degradation  Kegiatan budidaya udang di tambak akan menghasilkan limbah organik yang berasal dari sisa pakan yang tidak termakan maupun kotoran udang. Kandungan bahan organik yang tinggi akan meningkatkan kandungan amonia yang bersifat  toksik bagi udang dan biota air lainnya. Salah satu sistem biodegradasi bahan organik yang telah banyak digunakan sebagai biofilter namun belum dimanfaatkan dalam pengolahan limbah organik tambak udang adalah biofilm. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengisolasi dan skrining bakteri primer pembentuk biofilm yang mampu mendegradasi senyawa amonia nitrogen. Untuk  mencapai tujuan tersebut, maka beberapa tahap penelitian yang telah dilakukan adalah survei lokasi tambak udang, pemasangan panel bahan kayu dan fiber,  penanaman panel dalam badan air tambak, mengisolasi bakteri dengan metode  sebaran, purifikasi bakteri primer pembentuk biofilm dengan metode goresan. Uji oksidasi amonium nitrogen dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan metode Micro well plate chromatogram assay dan UV-Vis Spektrofotometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil isolasi diperoleh sebanyak 66 isolat bakteri primer pembentuk biofilm. Berdasarkan uji kualitatif diperoleh 20 isolat yang memiliki potensi mendegradasi senyawa amoniurn nitrogen. Namun hasil uji kuantitatif bakteri seleksi pendegradasi amonium nitrogen menunjukkan 7 isolat yang memiliki kemampuan rendah (< 10%) mendegradasi amonium nitrogen.  Kata kunci: bakteri primer pembentuk biofilm, amonia nitrogen, degradasi      

scholarly journals Seasonal Groundwater Quality Status and Nitrogen Contamination in the Shallow Aquifer System of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakya ◽  
Nakamura ◽  
Kamei ◽  
Shrestha ◽  
Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Compound ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Nitrogen Contamination ◽  
Dug Well

: The increasing concentration of nitrogen compounds in the groundwater is of a growing concern in terms of human health and groundwater quality. Although an excess of nitrogen compounds in the groundwater of the Kathmandu Valley has been reported, the seasonal variations of the fate of the nitrogen compounds and their relationships to the subsurface sediments are unknown. In this study, spatially distributed shallow dug well samples were collected during both the dry and wet seasons of 2016, and the nitrogen compound, chloride (Cl−), and iron (Fe2+) concentrations were analyzed. Two shallow dug wells and one deep tube well were monitored monthly for 2 years. Although NH4-N concentrations were similar in the clay-dominated areas during both seasons (1 and 0.9 mg-N/L), they were lower in the gravel-dominated areas during wet season (1.8 > 0.6 mg-N/L). The NO3-N concentration differed depending upon the soil type which increased during the wet season (clay 4.9 < 13.6 mg-N/L and gravel 2.5 < 6.8 mg-N/L). The Fe2+ concentration, however, was low during the wet season (clay 2.7 > 0.4 mg/L and gravel 2.8 > 0.3 mg/L). Long-term analysis showed higher fluctuation of nitrogen compounds in the gravel-bearing areas than in the clay-bearing areas.

The effect of acetates on the activity of cobalt bromide catalysts

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 3362-3372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Hronec ◽  
Václav Veselý ◽  
Jiří Herain
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Compound ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Aromatic Acids ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Aminoacetic Acid ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Resultant Effect ◽  
Aromatic Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Ionic Forms

With a view to assess the effect of acetates of the groups Ia and IIon the activity of cobalt bromide catalyst, oxidation of mesitylene and pseudo-cumene in a temperature range of 90 to °C has been investigated. At 100°C the acetate anions retarded the oxidation in the initial stage and increased selectivity of the oxidation of mesitylene to 3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde, which intermediate was formed to a concentration of 42 mol%. The presence of acetates also affected distribution of isomers of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and the contents of aldehydo acids. The resultant effect of the simultaneous presence of acetate anions and nitrogen compounds on the activity of cobalt bromide catalysts depended on the nitrogen compound; with aminoacetic acid and hexamethylenediamine the oxidation rate and yields of aromatic acids were markedly increased. As conductance measurements indicated, the presence of acetates enhanced the formation of ionic forms of the complexes.

scholarly journals Demonstration of Increased Permeability as a Factor in the Effect of Acetylcholine on the Electrical Activity of Venom-Treated Axons

1963 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1065-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Rosenberg ◽  
F. C. G. Hoskin
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Compound ◽  
Giant Axon ◽  
Squid Giant Axon ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
External Concentration ◽  
Quaternary Nitrogen ◽  
Rattlesnake Venom ◽  
Tertiary Nitrogen

D-Tubocurarine (curare) and acetylcholine (ACh) had been found to block electrical activity after treatment of squid giant axons with cottonmouth moccasin venom at a concentration which had no effect on conduction. It has now been demonstrated that this effect is attributable to reduction of permeability barriers. The penetration of externally applied C14-labeled dimethylcurare, ACh, choline, and trimethylamine into the axoplasm of the squid giant axon was determined in axons treated with either cottonmouth, rattlesnake, or bee venom, and in untreated control axons. The lipid-soluble tertiary nitrogen compound trimethylamine readily penetrated into the axoplasm of untreated axons. In contrast, after exposure of the axons to the lipid-insoluble quaternary nitrogen compounds for 1 hour their presence in the axoplasm was hardly detectable (less than 1 per cent). However, following 15µg/ml cottonmouth venom 1 to 5 per cent of their external concentration is found within the axoplasm while following 50µg/ml venom 10 to 50 per cent enters. The penetration of dimethylcurare is also increased by 10 µg/ml bee venom but not by 1 µg/ml bee venom nor 1000 µg/ml rattlesnake venom. The experiments show that when ACh and curare, following venom treatment, affect electrical activity, they also penetrate into the axon. Treatments which do not increase penetration are also ineffective in rendering the compounds active.

A Comparison of Gas Nitriding and Laser Nitriding on Industrial Pure Iron and Ti-Induced Iron

2018 ◽  
Vol 934 ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Min Liu ◽  
Yu Fan ◽  
Pei Zhi Li ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
Ke Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Iron ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Metal Layer ◽  
Nitrogen Compound ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Nitride Layer ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Laser Nitriding ◽  
Gas Nitriding ◽  
The Difference

Overview of Gas nitriding on the surface of industrial pure iron and laser gas nitriding, research under different nitriding process, the phase, organization and mechanical properties of the nitride layer that is the difference. Plasma sprayed titanium on industrial pure iron surface, the laser nitriding experiments were carried out on the titanium surface. The formation of iron and nitrogen compounds is induced by the combination of titanium nitride. The difference between gas nitriding and laser nitriding is analyzed. The results show that: (1) after gas nitriding, the nitrides formed on the surface of pure iron are mainly ε-Fe2-3N and γ′-Fe4N, the surface hardness is 158 HV, and the increase is 32%. (2) in the 500 W laser power, laser nitriding formed on the surface of Titanium metal layer of pure iron, but not the formation of iron and nitrogen compound, the surface hardness of 168 HV, increased by 46%. (3) under the condition of 500 W laser power, the industrial pure iron was nitrided by laser, without the formation of iron and nitrogen compounds, but the surface hardness of the sample was increased by 20%.

scholarly journals Effect of Bacillus sp. as probiotic on the treatment of environment in brackish water shrimp aquaculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 991 ◽  
pp. 012052
Author(s):  
L T Phung ◽  
N K Phung ◽  
T T M Phuong ◽  
M Nicolas ◽  
M Vincent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Shrimp Aquaculture ◽  
Bacillus Sp

scholarly journals Application of response surface methodology to study the biological removal of nitrogen from effluent of cattle slaughterhouse in a sequencing batch reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana N. de Lima ◽  
Benedito M. Gomes ◽  
Simone D. Gomes ◽  
Karina Q. de Carvalho ◽  
Divair Christ
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Biological Removal

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) on biological removal of nitrogen from cattle slaughterhouse wastewater by nitrification/denitrification processes. The effects of initial concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen were investigated at 100; 150 and 200 mg L-1 and air flow rate at 0.125; 0.375 and 0.625 L min¹ Lreactor-1 on the nitrogen compounds removal, by a Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD) configuration. There were variations from 9.2 to 94.9%, 4.0 to 19.6% and 20.8 to 92.0% in the conversion of ammoniacal nitrogen to nitrate and nitrite concentration and removal of total nitrogen, respectively. The increase of air flow rate and decrease of the initial concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen resulted in higher efficiencies of total nitrogen removal, as well as the conversion of ammoniacal nitrogen to nitrate. During the pre-established intervals of this study, the removal and conversion efficiencies of nitrogen compounds above 85% were achieved in air flow rate variations from 0.375 to 0.725 L min-1 Lreactor-1 and initial concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen from 80 to 200 mg L-1. On denitrification process, we obtained efficiencies from 91.5 to 96.9% on the removal of nitrite/nitrate and from 78.3 to 87.9% on the removal of organic matter.

scholarly journals Correcting high-frequency losses of reactive nitrogen flux measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2923-2948
Author(s):  
Pascal Wintjen ◽  
Christof Ammann ◽  
Frederik Schrader ◽  
Christian Brümmer
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Nitrogen Compound ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Flux measurements of reactive nitrogen compounds are of increasing importance to assess the impact of unintended emissions on sensitive ecosystems and to evaluate the efficiency of mitigation strategies. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the exchange of reactive nitrogen gases with the highest possible accuracy. This study gives insight into the performance of flux correction methods and their usability for reactive nitrogen gases. The eddy-covariance (EC) technique is today widely used in experimental field studies to measure land surface–atmosphere exchange of a variety of trace gases. In recent years, applying the EC technique to reactive nitrogen compounds has become more important since atmospheric nitrogen deposition influences the productivity and biodiversity of (semi)natural ecosystems and their carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange. Fluxes, which are calculated by EC, have to be corrected for setup-specific effects like attenuation in the high-frequency range. However, common methods for correcting such flux losses are mainly optimized for inert greenhouse gases like CO2 and methane or water vapor. In this study, we applied a selection of correction methods to measurements of total reactive nitrogen (ΣNr) conducted in different ecosystems using the Total Reactive Atmospheric Nitrogen Converter (TRANC) coupled to a chemiluminescence detector (CLD). Average flux losses calculated by methods using measured cospectra and ogives were approximately 26 %–38 % for a seminatural peatland and about 16 %–22 % for a mixed forest. The investigation of the different methods showed that damping factors calculated with measured heat and gas flux cospectra using an empirical spectral transfer function were most reliable. Flux losses of ΣNr with this method were on the upper end of the median damping range, i.e., 38 % for the peatland site and 22 % for the forest site. Using modified Kaimal cospectra for damping estimation worked well for the forest site but underestimated damping for the peatland site by about 12 %. Correction factors of methods based on power spectra or on site-specific and instrumental parameters were mostly below 10 %. Power spectra of ΣNr were heavily affected – likely by white noise – and deviated substantially at lower frequencies from the respective temperature (power) spectra. Our study supports the use of an empirical method for estimating flux losses of ΣNr or any reactive nitrogen compound and the use of locally measured cospectra.

scholarly journals Investigating nitrogen removal using simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in transferring wastewater through collection networks with small-diameter pipes

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Babanezhad ◽  
H. Amini Rad ◽  
S. S. Hosseini Karimi ◽  
F. Qaderi
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Simultaneous Nitrification And Denitrification ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
N Removal

This study evaluates the removal of nitrogen compounds from wastewater in modified, small diameter gravity slope (SDGS) pipes during its conveyance. A 13-meter long, closed loop, wastewater collection network was designed and built at laboratory scale. The modified SDGS consists of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) tubes with perforated plastic netting fixed to the inner surfaces, to enhance biofilm attachment and growth under gravity flow. The system was operated at constant temperature using synthetic wastewater similar to municipal wastewater. The efficiency of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) removal at initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations of 340, 570, and 860 mg/L was studied. The NH3-N batch concentrations tested were 4.58, 6.32, and 9.48 mg/L, respectively. The results showed that nitrogen loss under aerobic conditions may have been due to simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, which began to operate when the biofilm was between 2.5 and 5.5 mm thick. A maximum NH3-N removal efficiency of 75% was achieved following 10 hours' circulation period, at a COD concentration of 570 mg/L.

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