Pengaruh Konsentrasi Alginat Dengan Gliserol Sebagai Plasticizer Terhadap Sifat Fisik Dan Mekanik Bioplastik

Munculnya permasalahan lingkungan akibat plastik sintetik mendorong perlunya penelitian bahan kemasan mudah terurai (bioplastik). Salah satu bahan yang tersedia di alam dan berpotensi sebagai pembentuk bioplastik adalah alginat karena mampu membentuk gel. Bioplastik dari alginat memiliki sifat yang tidak fleksibel sehingga perlu ditambah gliserol sebagai plasticizer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi alginat dari Sargassum sp. terhadap sifat fisik dan mekanik bioplastik dengan penambahan gliserol dan CaCl2. Materi penelitian ini adalah alginat hasil ekstraksi Sargassum sp. yang diambil dari Perairan Pantai Sundak, Gunung Kidul. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratoris yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan konsentrasi alginat (0,5%, 1%, 3% dan 5%) dengan tiga pengulangan. Sifat bioplastik yang diuji meliputi sifat fisik (ketebalan, ketahanan air, kehilangan berat) dan sifat mekanik (kuat tarik dan elongasi). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi alginat akan meningkatkan ketebalan, ketahanan air dan kuat tarik bioplastik namun menurunkan elongasi dan kehilangan berat bioplastik. Konsentrasi alginat berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisik (ketebalan, ketahanan air, kehilangan berat) dan sifat mekanik (kuat tarik kecuali elongasi), konsentrasi alginat terbaik yang memenuhi Japanese Industrial Standard dan standar SNI 7188.7:2016 adalah 0,5% The emergence of environmental problems due to synthetic plastics has led to the need to research biodegradable packaging materials (bioplastics). One of the ingredients available in nature and has the potential to form bioplastics is alginate because it is capable of forming gel. Bioplastic from alginate has inflexible properties so it needs to be added by glycerol as a plasticizer. This research aims to determine the effect of alginate concentration from Sargassum sp. on the physical and mechanical properties of bioplastics with the addition of glycerol and CaCl2. The method of this research is alginate from Sargassum sp. taken from Sundak Beach Waters, Gunung Kidul. This research used a laboratory experimental method consisting of four treatments of alginate concentration (0.5%, 1%, 3% and 5%) with three repetitions. The properties of the bioplastics tested included physical properties (thickness, water resistance, weight loss) and mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation). Data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA). The results showed that the higher the concentration of alginate would increased thickness, water resistance and tensile strength of bioplastics but decreased the elongation and weight loss of bioplastics. The alginate concentration affects the physical properties (thickness, water resistance, weight loss) and mechanical properties (tensile strength and except elongation), the best alginate concentrations that meet the Japanese Industrial Standard and SNI 7188.7: 2016 are 0.5%

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Karakteristik Bioplastik dari Pati Buah Lindur (Bruguiera gymnorrizha)

Jurnal FishtecH ◽

10.36706/fishtech.v7i1.5980 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 49-59

Author(s):

Johan Budiman ◽

Rodiana Nopianti ◽

Shanti Dwita Lestari

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Degradation Rate ◽

Water Resistance ◽

Block Design ◽

Percent Elongation ◽

Starch Concentration ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Biodegradation Test

This research studied the characteristics of bioplastic from large-leafed mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrizha) starch. This research was arranged used Randomized Block Design (RBD) model, with different starch concentration (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) as treatment. The parameters observed were mechanical properties (tensile strength and percent elongation), thickness, water uptake and biodegradation test. The result showed that the starch concentration was not significant, (P>0.05) affected tensile strength and water resistance. Different between treatments was observed as for elongation, thickness and biodegradation test significant (P<0.05). The results obtained from the bioplastic research of large-leafed mangrove starch for tensile strength ranged from 24.59 MPa – 32.91 MPa, percent elongation 2.93% – 4.88%, thickness 0.05 mm – 0,11 mm, water resistance 108.06% – 111.09% and biodegradation test with percent weight loss 17.91% – 54.40% with the highest degradation rate 18.13 – 3.62 mg /15 days burial. The best treatment was obtained by using 1,5% starch, 4 g chitosan and 15% glycerol or equal to starch : chitosan 1.5 g : 4 g and 0.9 mL glycerol.

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Improving the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fireclay Refractory Bricks by Added Bauxite

Journal of Engineering ◽

10.31026/j.eng.2019.04.02 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 18-28

Author(s):

Sarmad Imad Ibrahim ◽

Nahedh Mahmud Ali ◽

Tamara Wahid Abood

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Hydraulic Press ◽

Indirect Tensile Strength ◽

Molding Pressure ◽

Fireclay Refractory ◽

Indirect Tensile ◽

Refractory Bricks

In this study, the investigation of Local natural Iraqi rocks kaolin with the addition of different proportions of bauxite and its effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the produced refractories was conducted. Kaolin/bauxite mixture was milled and classified into various size fractions, the kaolin (less than 105 μm) and the bauxite (less than 70μm). The specimens were mixed from kaolin and bauxite in ranges B1 (95+5)%, B2 (90+10)%, B3(85+15)%, and B4 (80+20)% respectively. The green specimens were shaped by the semi-dry method using a hydraulic press and a molding pressure of 7 MPa with the addition of (9-12) %wt. of PVA ratio. After molding and drying, the specimens were fired at (1100, 1200 and 1300) °C. Physical properties (density, porosity, water absorption) and mechanical properties (indirect tensile strength and hardness) were measured for all the prepared samples. The results showed that the porosity was increased and the density was decreased, such increase and decrease affected on to the mechanical properties for refractory. The highest values of indirect tensile strength and hardness were obtained at 20% Bauxite at 1300 °C (0.85386 MPa, 1411Kg / mm²) respectively.

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Utilization of Pitali (Trewia nudiflora) for Manufacturing Commercial Plywood in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v43i4.2249 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 581-587

Author(s):

M Hasan Shahria ◽

M Ashaduzzaman ◽

M Iftekhar Shams ◽

Arifa Sharmin ◽

M Muktarul Islam

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Linear Expansion ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Trewia Nudiflora

The study was conducted to find out the potentiality of Pitali (Trewia nudiflora) for manufacturing commercial plywood and evaluating its physical and mechanical properties. Two 9-ply plywood of 2.4m x 1.2m x 18mm size were manufactured using liquid urea formaldehyde adhesive. The physical and mechanical properties of T. nudiflora plywood were compared with the existing market available plywood manufactured by Simul (Bombax ceiba). It was found that density were 509.82 kg/m3 and 490.96 kg/m3, moisture content after curing were 10.67% and 17.61%, thickness swelling were 6.90% and 7.29%, linear expansion were 0.19% and 0.15%, water absorption were 50.89% and 64.79%, MOR were 29.94 N/mm2 and 27.05 N/mm2, MOE were 1613.89 N/mm2 and 1160.68 N/mm2, and tensile strength were 14.75 N/mm2 and 13.12 N/mm2 for T. nudiflora plywood and market plywood respectively. The evaluated physical and mechanical properties of T. nudiflora plywood were also compared with some relevant results and standards reported earlier. Key Words: Plywood, Trewia nudiflora, Physical properties, Mechanical properties. doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i4.2249 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4),581-587, 2008

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KUALITAS PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI KULIT BATANG SAGU (Metroxylon spp) DENGAN PEREKAT ALAMI ASAM SITRAT: SIFAT FISIK, SIFAT MEKANIK, DAN KEAWETAN TERHADAP RAYAP TANAH Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren

Jurnal TENGKAWANG ◽

10.26418/jt.v8i2.31072 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dwi Cahyo Nugroho ◽

Gusti Eva Tavita ◽

Dina Setyawati

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Internal Bond ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Subterranean Termites ◽

Particle Board ◽

Thickness Swelling

The study aimed to analyze the quality of particle boards from bark fiber of sago (Metroxylon spp) with citric acid as natural adhesives based on physical properties, mechanical properties, and durability from subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren. Particle boards are made with a size of 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm. The experimental factors used in the study included densities (0.7 gr/cm3 and 0.8 gr/cm3) and concentrations of citric acid adhesives (20% and 30%). The material then flow into hotpress with 1800C for 15 minutes and pressure at 25 kg/cm2. Testing of the physical and mechanical properties of particle boards refers to the JIS A 5908-2003 standard and durability against subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren was conducted based on SNI 01. 7207-2006. The results showed that the densities factor had a significant effect on density, thickness swelling, MOE, MOR, internal bond, screw holding strength, and weight loss of the particle board against termites. Meanwhile concentration of citric acid adhesive significantly affected the density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, MOR, internal bond, and screw holding strength. The interaction between the densities factor and concentration of citric acid has a significant effect on thickness swelling and density. The physical and mechanical properties of particle boards which fulfill the JIS A 5908 2003 standard were density, moisture content, MOR, and screw holding strength. The durability of particleboard againts termites has a very strong level. The average values of termites mortality were 94% ~ 100%. The average of wood weight loss values were 9.61%~ 18.51%. The particle board made with a density 0.8 gr/cm3 and concentration of citric acid adhesive 30% achieved the highest values on physical properties, mechanical properties and durability to the termites Coptotermes curvignathus. Keywords : citric acid, Coptotermes curvignathus, Metroxylon spp, particle board, sago

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PEMANFAATAN KAYU AKASIA MANGIUM (Acacia mangium Willd) UNTUK MEBEL

Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan ◽

10.24111/jrihh.v4i1.1195 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Djoko Purwanto

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Acacia Mangium ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Wood Fibers ◽

Test Parameters ◽

Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽

Scale Scores

Timber Acacia mangium (Acacia mangium, Willd) for Furniture. The study aims to determine the mechanical and physical properties and the decorative value (color and fiber) wood of acacia mangium with using finishing materials. This type of finishing material used is ultran lasur natural dof ,ultran lasur classic teak, aqua politur clear dof, aqua politur akasia dan aqua politur cherry. After finishing the wood is stored for 3 months. Test parameters were observed, namely, physical and mechanical properties of wood, adhesion of finishing materials, color and appearance of the fiber, and timber dimensions expansion. The results showed that the mechanical physical properties of acacia wood qualified SNI. 01-0608-89 about the physical and mechanical properties of wood for furniture, air dry the moisture content from 13.78 to 14.89%, flexural strength from 509.25 to 680.50 kg/cm2, and compressive strength parallel to fiber 342.1 - 412.9 kg/cm2. Finishing the treatment process using five types of finishing materials can increase the decorative value (color and fiber) wood. Before finishing the process of acacia mangium wood has the appearance of colors and fibers and less attractive (scale scores 2-3), after finishing acacia wood fibers have the appearance of colors and interesting and very interesting (scale 4-5).Keywords: mangium wood, mechanical properties, decorative value, finishing, furniture.

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BRUSH ALLOY 3

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.cu0454 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Copper Alloy ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Good Resistance ◽

Good Corrosion Resistance

Abstract BRUSH Alloy 3 offers the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any beryllium-copper alloy. It possesses an excellent combination of moderate strength, good corrosion resistance and good resistance to moderately elevated temperatures. Because of its unique physical and mechanical properties, Brush Alloy 3 finds widespread use in welding applications (RWMA Class 3), current-carrying springs, switch and instrument parts and similar components. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as casting, forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Cu-454. Producer or source: Brush Wellman Inc..

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ANSONIA C14500

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.cu0752 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Shear Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Pure Copper ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treating

Abstract Ansonia alloy C14500 has unique fabrication properties while maintaining both physical and mechanical properties close to pure copper. The addition of Tellurium makes the alloy free machining. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, tensile properties, and shear strength. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CU-752. Producer or source: Ansonia Copper & Brass Inc.

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KAISER ALUMINUM ALLOY KA62

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.al0362 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Shear Strength ◽

Aluminum Alloy ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Lead Free ◽

Kaiser Aluminum

Abstract Kaiser Aluminum alloy KA62 (Tennalum alloy KA62) is a lead-free alternative to 6262. It offers good machinability and corrosion resistance and displays good acceptance of coatings (anodize response). It can be used in place of 6262 because its physical and mechanical properties are equivalent to those of 6262 (see Alloy Digest Al-361, September 1999). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, tensile properties, and shear strength. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: AL-362. Producer or source: Tennalum, A Division of Kaiser Aluminum.

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Damage Evolution of Granodiorite after Heating and Cooling Treatments

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11070779 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 779

Author(s):

Mohamed Gomah ◽

Guichen Li ◽

Salah Bader ◽

Mohamed Elkarmoty ◽

Mohamed Ismael

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Failure Mode ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

P Wave ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Slow Cooling ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Natural Rock ◽

The Impact

The awareness of the impact of high temperatures on rock properties is essential to the design of deep geotechnical applications. The purpose of this research is to assess the influence of heating and cooling treatments on the physical and mechanical properties of Egyptian granodiorite as a degrading factor. The samples were heated to various temperatures (200, 400, 600, and 800 °C) and then cooled at different rates, either slowly cooled in the oven and air or quickly cooled in water. The porosity, water absorption, P-wave velocity, tensile strength, failure mode, and associated microstructural alterations due to thermal effect have been studied. The study revealed that the granodiorite has a slight drop in tensile strength, up to 400 °C, for slow cooling routes and that most of the physical attributes are comparable to natural rock. Despite this, granodiorite thermal deterioration is substantially higher for quick cooling than for slow cooling. Between 400:600 °C is ‘the transitional stage’, where the physical and mechanical characteristics degraded exponentially for all cooling pathways. Independent of the cooling method, the granodiorite showed a ductile failure mode associated with reduced peak tensile strengths. Additionally, the microstructure altered from predominantly intergranular cracking to more trans-granular cracking at 600 °C. The integrity of the granodiorite structure was compromised at 800 °C, the physical parameters deteriorated, and the rock tensile strength was negligible. In this research, the temperatures of 400, 600, and 800 °C were remarked to be typical of three divergent phases of granodiorite mechanical and physical properties evolution. Furthermore, 400 °C could be considered as the threshold limit for Egyptian granodiorite physical and mechanical properties for typical thermal underground applications.

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Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Kenaf Core Fibers Composites Reinforced with Esterified Lignin

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13142359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 2359

Author(s):

Harmaen Ahmad Saffian ◽

Masayuki Yamaguchi ◽

Hidayah Ariffin ◽

Khalina Abdan ◽

Nur Kartinee Kassim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Loss Modulus ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Weight Percent Gain ◽

Weight Percent ◽

Esterification Reaction ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Kenaf Core ◽

Modified Lignin

In this study, Kraft lignin was esterified with phthalic anhydride and was served as reinforcing filler for poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). Composites with different ratios of PBS, lignin (L), modified lignin (ML) and kenaf core fibers (KCF) were fabricated using a compounding method. The fabricated PBS composites and its counterparts were tested for thermal, physical and mechanical properties. Weight percent gain of 4.5% after lignin modification and the FTIR spectra has confirmed the occurrence of an esterification reaction. Better thermo-mechanical properties were observed in the PBS composites reinforced with modified lignin and KCF, as higher storage modulus and loss modulus were recorded using dynamic mechanical analysis. The density of the composites fabricated ranged from 1.26 to 1.43 g/cm3. Water absorption of the composites with the addition of modified lignin is higher than that of composites with unmodified lignin. Pure PBS exhibited the highest tensile strength of 18.62 MPa. Incorporation of lignin and KCF into PBS resulted in different extents of reduction in tensile strength (15.78 to 18.60 MPa). However, PBS composite reinforced with modified lignin exhibited better tensile and flexural strength compared to its unmodified lignin counterpart. PBS composite reinforced with 30 wt% ML and 20 wt% KCF had the highest Izod impact, as fibers could diverge the cracking propagation of the matrix. The thermal conductivity value of the composites ranged from 0.0903 to 0.0983 W/mK, showing great potential as a heat insulator.

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