scholarly journals PENERAPAN TEKNIK TOTAL TASK PRESENTATION UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BUANG AIR KECIL PADA ANAK DENGAN DISABILITAS INTELEKTUAL MODERAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Aryani Rahmah Utami ◽  
Mayke S. Tedjasaputra

Children with intellectual disability (ID) have deficit in their adaptive functions, such as self-care in practical domain. The skill of self-care in moderate ID children can develop after being trained, although it takes a long time. One of skills that can be developed is urination skill. Urination skill is important to teach on children with ID so they can maintain their genital organs health independently. Therefore, interventions related to urination skill using behavior modification program with total task presentation technique are required. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of total task presentation technique to increase urination skill on child with moderate ID. This study used a single case subject A-B design that used to find changes in scores by comparing behavior observation data of participant’s urination skill and make a data analysis. Participant in this study was a 10 years old boy who has deficit in urination skill. After the implementation of the intervention program in 16 sessions for 14 days with 81 trials, it was found that the total task presentation technique is effective to improve urination skill on a child with moderate ID. The participants has been able to take control the entire range of urinating behavior (22 chain of behaviors) independently. Previously, the child could only controlled the nine chain of behaviors independently.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Nurul Annisa ◽  
Mayke S. Tedjasaputra

Abstrak. Konstipasi merupakan masalah yang sering dijumpai pada anak-anak. Anak dengan masalah konstipasi seringkali merasa sakit pada saat buang air besar (BAB) sehingga berupaya untuk menghindari proses BAB di toilet. Hal ini berdampak terhadap kemampuan toilet training anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas program intervensi dengan teknik modifikasi perilaku antecedent control untuk meningkatkan frekuensi buang air besar di toilet pada anak dengan masalah konstipasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode single case subject A-B with follow-up design dengan partisipan penelitian adalah seorang anak perempuan berusia 3 tahun 4 bulan yang mengalami konstipasi.  Penelitian ini dilakukan sebanyak 8 sesi dan berlangsung selama 40 menit setiap sesi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik antecedent control dapat meningkatkan frekuensi perilaku buang air besar di toilet pada anak dengan masalah konstipasi.Kata kunci: antecedent control, buang air besar, konstipasi, toilet training,Abstract. Constipation is common problem in children. Children who have constipation problems often feel pain during defecation, thus they are attempting to avoid the process of defecation in the toilet. It has an impact on the ability of children's toilet training. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of intervention programs through behavior modification techniques, antecedent control to increase the frequency of bowel movements in the toilet for children who have constipation problems. This study uses a single case subject AB with follow-up design which is a girl aged 3 years and 4 months who has constipation problems. This research was conducted in 8 sessions and lasted for 40 minutes each session. The result shows that antecedent control technique can increase the bowel movement for children who have constipation problems.Keywords: antecedent control, defecation, constipation, toilet training


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2174
Author(s):  
Lijian Shi ◽  
Sen Liu ◽  
Yingni Shi ◽  
Xue Ao ◽  
Bin Zou ◽  
...  

Polar sea ice affects atmospheric and ocean circulation and plays an important role in global climate change. Long time series sea ice concentrations (SIC) are an important parameter for climate research. This study presents an SIC retrieval algorithm based on brightness temperature (Tb) data from the FY3C Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) over the polar region. With the Tb data of Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) as a reference, monthly calibration models were established based on time–space matching and linear regression. After calibration, the correlation between the Tb of F17/SSMIS and FY3C/MWRI at different channels was improved. Then, SIC products over the Arctic and Antarctic in 2016–2019 were retrieved with the NASA team (NT) method. Atmospheric effects were reduced using two weather filters and a sea ice mask. A minimum ice concentration array used in the procedure reduced the land-to-ocean spillover effect. Compared with the SIC product of National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), the average relative difference of sea ice extent of the Arctic and Antarctic was found to be acceptable, with values of −0.27 ± 1.85 and 0.53 ± 1.50, respectively. To decrease the SIC error with fixed tie points (FTPs), the SIC was retrieved by the NT method with dynamic tie points (DTPs) based on the original Tb of FY3C/MWRI. The different SIC products were evaluated with ship observation data, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sea ice cover products, and the Round Robin Data Package (RRDP). In comparison with the ship observation data, the SIC bias of FY3C with DTP is 4% and is much better than that of FY3C with FTP (9%). Evaluation results with SAR SIC data and closed ice data from RRDP show a similar trend between FY3C SIC with FTPs and FY3C SIC with DTPs. Using DTPs to present the Tb seasonal change of different types of sea ice improved the SIC accuracy, especially for the sea ice melting season. This study lays a foundation for the release of long time series operational SIC products with Chinese FY3 series satellites.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Yiming Zhang ◽  
Weiming Tian ◽  
Jiong Cai ◽  
Cheng Hu ◽  
...  

Entomological radars are important for scientific research of insect migration and early warning of migratory pests. However, insects are hard to detect because of their tiny size and highly maneuvering trajectory. Generalized Radon–Fourier transform (GRFT) has been proposed for effective weak maneuvering target detection by long-time coherent detection via jointly motion parameter search, but the heavy computational burden makes it impractical in real signal processing. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been used to achieve GRFT detection by fast heuristic parameter search, but it suffers from obvious detection probability loss and is only suitable for single target detection. In this paper, we convert the realization of GRFT into a multimodal optimization problem for insect multi-target detection. A novel niching method without radius parameter is proposed to detect unevenly distributed insect targets. Species reset and boundary constraint strategy are used to improve the detection performance. Simulation analyses of detection performance and computational cost are given to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, real observation data acquired from a Ku-band entomological radar is used to test this method. The results show that it has better performance on detected target amount and track continuity in insect multi-target detection.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Ozuem ◽  
Jason Prasad

Gambling has been a part of humanity for a long time, and references to it have been found in some of the earliest dated records. Literature on the topic has been accumulating since ancient times. The advent of Internet technology along with its typical subsets provides a new approach to how gambling is conducted in postmodern times. Drawing on qualitative research and utilising a single case study strategy, this study examines online social gambling and real money gambling marketing communication practices as well as offers some insights into the development and implementation of effective marketing communication programmes. In contrast to existing studies, the paper, in part, proposes integrative and higher levels of marketing communication programmes between online social gambling and real money gambling environments.


2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Persano

Negli Stati Uniti il dibattito sull’aborto è sempre un tema molto caldo. Questo saggio, diviso in due parti (la prima parte è stata pubblicata sul precedente numero della rivista) prova a ripercorrere l’evoluzione della giurisprudenza costituzionale statunitense in materia d’aborto, evidenziando i cambiamenti che ciascuna decisione ha apportato al quadro giuridico precedente. In questa seconda parte, la dissertazione sui singoli casi giurisprudenziali decisi dalla Suprema Corte prosegue con il caso Planned Parenthood v. Casey. Esso è stato una vera occasione mancata nella storia dell’aborto negli Stati Uniti, perchè venne sfiorata la overrule di Roe v. Wade. Ciononostante, venne sostanzialmente confermato l’impianto delle decisioni precedenti, in considerazione del fatto che una decisione contraria all’aborto avrebbe spiazzato un popolo che per decenni aveva organizzato la propria vita in funzione anche della possibilità di abortire. Con questa decisione si distinse la gravidanza in due periodi: quello della pre-viabilità, in cui la donna era completamente libera di abortire in accordo col medico; quello della post-viabilità, in cui gli Stati avrebbero potuto legiferare, pur dovendo consentire l’aborto nel caso di pericolo per la vita o la salute della madre. Inoltre il diritto d’aborto venne radicato nella libertà riconosciuta nel XIV Emendamento della Costituzione. Nel successivo caso Stenberg v. Carhart fu oggetto di giudizio l’aborto a nascita parziale: una legge del Nebraska aveva bandito questa pratica, ma la legge fu annullata dalla Corte Suprema, nonostante il duro dissenso di ben quattro giudici, fra cui Anthony Kennedy. Successivamente a questa decisione, il Congresso prese l’iniziativa di emanare il Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act. Questa legge fu impugnata in via d’azione davanti alla Corte Suprema e ne scaturì la sentenza Gonzalez v. Carhart. In questa decisione la Corte fece un passo indietro rispetto a Stenberg, affermò la legittimità del bando, sostenne che l’aborto a nascita parziale non è mai necessario per tutelare la vita della donna e che Stenberg era fondato su convinzioni erronee sul punto. Il saggio si conclude con delle interessanti considerazioni in merito ai possibili sviluppi futuri circa il tema dell’aborto negli Stati Uniti, auspica la “liberalizzazione del diritto alla vita” ed avanza una originale proposta, valida per tutti i Paesi in cui l’aborto è legalizzato. ---------- Abortion debate is always a hot subject in the United States. This essay, divided into two parts (the first part has been published on the previous issue of this review) tries to go along the development of U.S. constitutional caselaw about abortion, pointing out the change that each judgement caused to the previous law framework. In this second part, the dissertation about U.S. Supreme Court single case-law goes on by Planned Parenthood v. Casey. It was a real missed occasion in the abortion affair in the United States, because it was on the verge of overruling Roe v. Wade. However, the framework of the previous cases was substantially confirmed, considering that a decision against abortion would place out people who for a long time organized their own life in connection to the right of abortion. By this judgement, pregnancy was divided into two periods: pre-viability, when woman was completely free to have an abortion in agreement with her doctor; post-viability, when States could restrict abortion, except for woman life or health risks. Moreover, abortion right was founded on liberty, acknowledged by XIV Amendement. In the following case Gonzalez v. Carhart, partial-birth abortion was judged: a statute of Nebraska banned this activity, but it was stroked down by Supreme Court, despite of the dissenting opinion of four judges (Anthony Kennedy was one of them). After this judgement, the Congress wanted to issue Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act. This statute was pre-enforcement challenged to the Supreme Court, and Gonzalez v. Carhart was poured. In this judgment, the Court drew back Stenberg, it stated the ban was legitimate, partial-birth abortion never is necessary to safeguard woman health, and Stenberg was founded on wrong beliefs on this matter. This essay concludes with interesting considerations about possible developments about abortion affair in the United States, wishes “liberty of right to life” and proposes a solution for all the countries where abortion is legal.


2018 ◽  
Vol IV Série (17) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Oliveira e Castro ◽  
Maria Martins ◽  
Glória Couto ◽  
Maria Reis

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bozena M. Padykula

Purpose: This study explored RN-BS students’ self-care and health-promotion (SCHP) practices in a semester-long holistic nursing course with emphasis on the utility of self-reflection through journal writing. Design: A qualitative single case study blended in practical action research. Method: Fifteen RN-BS students enrolled in the holistic nursing course completed (a) three reflective journal entries (beginning, midterm, and conclusion); (b) two IHWA-short form surveys (beginning and conclusion); and (c) one demographic form (beginning) of the course. Findings: Three reflective journals indicated that students’ understanding of their SCHP practices progressed from novice, to advanced, and finally to competent from the beginning, middle, and at the conclusion of the course. Four findings emerged in relation to reports of their SCHP practices: (a) new awareness of self, (b) application of SCHP practices knowledge, (c) role modeling, and (d) dedication to SCHP practices beyond the semester. Four findings emerged in relation to participation in the reflective journaling about reports of their SCHP practices: (a) self-discovery, (b) retrospective self-evaluation, (c) useful intervention for SCHP, and (d) beneficial learning tool in academic environment. Conclusions: Reflective journaling enhanced students’ SCHP practices and was recognized as useful instructional strategy to improve learning in the classroom.


2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Maria Gabriela Secco Cavicchioli ◽  
Tarcila Beatriz Ferraz De Campos ◽  
Anderson Da Silva Rosa ◽  
Edvane Birelo Lopes De Domenico ◽  
Giovana Andrade Frederico ◽  
...  

Objective: to evaluate the effect of an intervention program on the capacity and action for the self-care of people with diabetes mellitus.Method: this is an intervention study with the implementation of a problem-solving educational program in diabetes in a private health service. Capacity and action scales were applied for the self-care, in the initial moment and after the  intervention with analysis of the outcome by the metabolic control. Differences were identified by the Student t test and the comparison of the scales variability calculated by Cronbach's alpha, with a 95 % confidence interval.Results: participated in the study 23 people, with significant improvement in the values of glycated hemoglobin, glycemic and diastolic blood pressure variability after the educationalprogram. The educational strategy in diabetes provided improvement in both capacity and action for self-care,respectively (p ≤ 0.0 %), Cronbach’s alpha initial 0.895 and final 0.938 Conclusion: education programs using participatory methodologies are essential to enable the person with diabetes to manage and monitor the disease.


2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Benton ◽  
Bitapi C. Sinha

The first study of interpretation in India examined the effectiveness of interpretive facilities and exhibits to convey interpretive conservation messages. Kanha Tiger Reserve features a large budget, advanced technology, and international visitation. The single-case, multiple-methods approach examined visitor knowledge and behavior regarding exhibits. Pre- and post-program surveys, video observation of visitor flow through the interpretive center, and the readability of text were analyzed. Results from the survey indicate that visitor knowledge increased in spite of noise in the center. Video observation data suggests that visitor interest measured by attention index and holding power were greatest for the management related exhibits and decreased as participants moved further into the interpretive center. Images of tigers were found to be more important for attraction and holding power than the center's advanced floor light panels and other interpretive techniques. Dioramas, maps, and models were favored over text by visitors for readability.


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