scholarly journals Design of Blowdown Line LNG Filling Station ISO Tank

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyuddin Wahyuddin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Tank Truck ◽  
Filling Station ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Liquid Natural Gas

LNG (Liquid Natural Gas) is a liquefied natural gas, with composition of 87% - 96% methane, 1,8-5,1% ethan, 0,1-5,1% propane and other compounds. The composition of natural gas (LNG formation) varies depending on the source and the process of its formation. Methane gas in LNG has odorless, non-corrosive and non-toxic properties (Air Products, 1999). LNG is basically an alternative method to deliver gas from producer to consumer. When cooled to -162˚C at 1 atm pressure, natural gas becomes liquid and its volume decreases up to 600 times (Handbook of Liquefied Natural Gas, 2014). With such a large volume reduction, liquefied natural gas (LNG) can be transported through the Tanker Ship and the ISO Tank Truck. PT Badak NGL has 3 (Three) T.U.K.S (Terminal For Ownership) As Tanker Ship Facilities and 1 (One) LNG Filling Station as a means of filling LNG to ISO Tank. Development of business process of PT. Badak NGL leads to an increase in LNG filling Station capacity. Along with the plan to increase the filling station capacity, the problem of BOG (Blow of Gas) wastage along with some LNG to ground flare becomes a serious concern. When the number of fillling stations is only 1 (one) station, the BOG wasted condition is not significant. However, with plans to increase the number of filling stations, BOG wasted need to be considered to be fully utilized. Therefore, there is a thought to utilize BOG to become more economic value, through the design of blowdown line on LNG ISO Tank filling station. In the Design of this line Blowdown, Using Pipe Ø2 "(PIPE BE 40S SS A312-TP305 SMLS) interconnecting with Pipe Ø6" (PIPE BE 40S SS A312-TP305 SMLS) BOG Header of new Filling Station under construction (Beginning January 2018 ).

scholarly journals Helium in the Australian liquefied natural gas economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Boreham ◽  
Dianne S. Edwards ◽  
Robert J. Poreda ◽  
Thomas H. Darrah ◽  
Ron Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Apparent Loss ◽  
Argon Isotopes ◽  
Northern Carnarvon Basin

Australia is about to become the premier global exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG), bringing increased opportunities for helium extraction. Processing of natural gas to LNG necessitates the exclusion and disposal of non-hydrocarbon components, principally carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Minor to trace hydrogen, helium and higher noble gases in the LNG feed-in gas become concentrated with nitrogen in the non-condensable LNG tail gas. Helium is commercially extracted worldwide from this LNG tail gas. Australia has one helium plant in Darwin where gas (containing 0.1% He) from the Bayu-Undan accumulation in the Bonaparte Basin is processed for LNG and the tail gas, enriched in helium (3%), is the feedstock for helium extraction. With current and proposed LNG facilities across Australia, it is timely to determine whether the development of other accumulations offers similar potential. Geoscience Australia has obtained helium contents in ~800 Australian natural gases covering all hydrocarbon-producing sedimentary basins. Additionally, the origin of helium has been investigated using the integration of helium, neon and argon isotopes, as well as the stable carbon (13C/12C) isotopes of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon gases and isotopes (15N/14N) of nitrogen. With no apparent loss of helium and nitrogen throughout the LNG industrial process, together with the estimated remaining resources of gas accumulations, a helium volumetric seriatim results in the Greater Sunrise (Bonaparte Basin) > Ichthys (Browse Basin) > Goodwyn–North Rankin (Northern Carnarvon Basin) accumulations having considerably more untapped economic value in helium extraction than the commercial Bayu-Undan LNG development.

scholarly journals Techno Economic Evaluation of Cold Energy from Malaysian Liquefied Natural Gas Regasification Terminals

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Amin Abd Majid ◽  
Hamdan Haji Ya ◽  
Othman Mamat ◽  
Shuhaimi Mahadzir
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Economic Study ◽  
Cold Energy ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Liquid Natural Gas ◽  
Project Life

In order to cater for increased demand for natural gas (NG) by the industry, Malaysia is required to import liquid natural gas (LNG). This is done through PETRONAS GAS Sdn Bhd. For LNG regasification, two regasification terminals have been set up, one in Sungai Udang Melaka (RGTSU) and another at Pengerang Johor (RGTPJ). RGTSU started operation in 2013 while RGTPJ began operation in 2017. The capacities of RGTSU and RGTPJ are 3.8 (500 mmscfd) and 3.5 (490 mmscfd) MTPA, respectively. RGTSU is an offshore plant and uses an intermediate-fluid-vaporization (IFV) process for regasification. RGTPJ is an onshore plant and employs open-rack vaporization (ORV). It is known that a substantial amount of cold energy is released during the regasification process. However, neither plant captures the cold energy released during regasification. This techno economic study serves to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of the cold energy available during regasification. It was estimated that approximately 47,214 and 88,383 kWh of cold energy could be generated daily at RGTPJ and RGTSU, respectively, during regasification processes. Converting this energy into RTh at 70% thermal efficiency, and taking the commercial rate of 0.549 Sen per RTh, for the 20-year project life, an internal rate of return (IRR) of up to 33% and 17% was estimated for RGTPJ and for RGTSU, respectively.

scholarly journals Rollover of Liquid Natural Gas in a Storage Tank: A Numerical Simulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinbin Lu ◽  
Chenwei Liang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Critical Density ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Density Difference ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Exponential Functions ◽  
Double Exponential ◽  
Liquid Natural Gas

In the filling and transportation processes of liquefied natural gas (LNG), the safety of LNG storage tanks is compromised because of rollover phenomenon. As such, the rollover factors of LNG in a storage tank should be identified to prevent or weaken the rollover intensity of LNG. In this study, the rollover behavior of LNG in a storage tank is numerically simulated. The density of the two layers in a LNG storage tank is related to temperature in our numerical model. It is found that the greater the significant initial density difference (range of 1-12 kg·m-3) is, the more obvious the LNG rollover will be. A density difference of 7.5 kg·m-3 is found as the critical density difference in the present work. When the initial density difference exceeds the critical density difference, the LNG rollover coefficients increase dramatically. Moreover, an LNG rollover model with two daughter models is proposed, which are divided by the critical initial density difference, i.e., a cubic relationship between rollover coefficients and the initial density difference when the density difference is less than 7.5 kg·m-3 and secondly, a linear relationship between the rollover coefficient and the double exponential functions when the density difference is larger than 7.5 kg·m-3.

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Assessment Method for Fire Safety Accident in Liquefied Natural Gas Storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao Jiye
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Filling Station ◽  
Safety Accident

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has the characteristics of low temperature, volatile, flammable and explosive, and its safety issues are being highlighted. The probability and consequences of accident were quantitatively analyzed in combination with the possibility of LNG filling station pump or pipeline spillage. The DEGADIS and LNGFire3 models were used to determine the consequences of the accident. Based on the injury criterion data provided by relevant literature, the article concludes that the personal risk value derived from personal injury level and mortality rate, when compared with personal risk standards of United Kingdom, Netherlands and other countries and institutions, the personal risk value is much lower than the standard limit value, and shows the rationality of establishing 5kW/m2 as the safety distance from critical thermal radiation intensity.

scholarly journals New Ways for the Advanced Quality Control of Liquefied Natural Gas

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Borja Ferreiro ◽  
Jose Andrade ◽  
Carlota Paz-Quintáns ◽  
Purificación López-Mahía ◽  
Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
On Line ◽  
Liquid Natural Gas ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Currently, gas chromatography is the most common analytical technique for natural gas (NG) analysis as it offers very precise results, with very low limits of detection and quantification. However, it has several drawbacks, such as low turnaround times and high cost per analysis, as well as difficulties for on-line implementation. With NG applications rising, mostly thanks to its reduced gaseous emissions in comparison with other fossil fuels, the necessity for more versatile, fast, and economic analytical methods has augmented. This work summarizes the latest advances to determine the composition and physico-chemical properties of regasified liquid natural gas, focusing on infrared spectroscopy-based techniques, as well as on data processing (chemometric techniques), necessary to obtain adequate predictions of NG properties.

scholarly journals ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF HSIN-TA LNG TERMINAL IN TAIWAN

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Shih-sheng Paul Lai ◽  
Cheng-shiun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Under Construction

Since 1984 Hsin-Ta LNG Terminal has been under construction for the purpose of importing liquefied natural gas because of increasing demand and possible depletion of natural gas in Taiwan. Several alternatives were taken into account during the feasibility study. The Terminal is built with only a southern breakwater due to its good natural coastal conditions. Each construction item has been coordinated closely in order to advance the schedule. The first phase of land reclamation was finished by 1986. Three tanks have been under construction since soil improvement was finished. The entire project will be completed in 1989.

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