scholarly journals Kinetic Study and Optimization of the Most Influential Factor on Batch-Extraction of Gingerol from Fresh Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Rhizomes by Using n-Hexane as a Solvent

REAKTOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Margaretha Praba Aulia ◽  
Fitra Pradhita ◽  
Andri Cahyo Kumoro ◽  
Marcelinus Christwardana ◽  
H. Hargono

A solvent extraction of 6- gingerol from fresh ginger rhizome chips using n-hexane has been successfully carried out. This study aimed to investigate the effects of temperature, feed size, and feed mass on the yield of gingerol, to observe the kinetics of gingerol extraction process using n-hexane as a solvent, to find the most influential parameters in the gingerol extraction process and to determine the optimum conditions of the gingerol extraction process. The experiment was carried out for 60 minutes using two feed mass ( 50 and 75 g), two temperature (60 and 70 oC) and two chips sizes (100 and 25 mm3) using 350 mL n-hexane. The second-order kinetics model was used to study the extraction kinetic parameters. The quick method was used to evaluate the most influential extraction parameters with respect to the yield of gingerol. Feed mass was found to be the most influential parameter in the gingerol extraction process. The optimum extraction conditions were found to be at 60 °C, ginger rhizome chips with 25 mm size3, feed mass was 109.7g and 350 mL n-hexane, which resulted in crude extract with gingerol content of 517.11 ppm. 

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1628-1631
Author(s):  
Su Hong Li ◽  
Li Juan Wang ◽  
Tuo Ping Li ◽  
Zhong Li Jang ◽  
Jun Wei Wang

Water extraction and ethanol reflux extraction of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in brown rice were compared with the yield and the recovery. In the water extraction, the effects of temperature and time on the extraction process of GABA were investigated, the results showed that the optimum extraction condition was incubated at 50°C for the 3h, and the GABA content was 30.73mg/100g, the recovery of the water extraction was lower, just 60.5% on average. The single factor and orthogonal tests of the extraction conditions were discussed for the ethanol reflux extraction. The result indicated that the best extraction condition is incubated in 70% ethanol, at 80°C, solid to liquid ratio 1:7 (g/mL), GABA content was 50.45 mg/100g, the recovery was 98.5%.


2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ziaedini ◽  
A. Jafari ◽  
A. Zakeri

The effects of temperature (50, 60, 70, 80, 90 °C) and time (5, 10, 20, 40, 80 min) on catechins and caffeine solubility in water from Iranian green tea were investigated, The best combinations of temperature and time extraction with water were 20—40 min, 80 °C for epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin (EC) and caffeine (Caff), and 80 min, 90 °C for catechin (C), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). A mathematical model derived from Fick’s second law was then used to calculate the diffusivity of the components, and to monitor the effect of temperature on the diffusivities. The extraction of these components is governed by two diffusion processes: fast and slow. The results showed that the intra-particle diffusion was the rate-governing step of the extraction process. The slow stage diffusivities of these components at their optimum extraction temperatures were calculated as: 1.94e-9 (EGC), 8.1e-10 (EC), 3.9e-10 (Caff), 1.34e-8 (C), 4.2e-9 (ECG) and 4.63e-9 (EGCG).


2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Hoque ◽  
BK Bala ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
M Borhan Uddin

This paper presents the drying kinetics of ginger rhizome under blanched and nonblanched conditions using hybrid solar dryer and mechanical tray dryer at three temperature levels. The drying rate increases with the increase in drying air temperature and blanching also increases the drying rate. The drying rate depends on shape and size of the ginger rhizomes. The highest drying rate was found for sliced samples of ginger rhizome followed by splitted and whole root samples. Five thin layer drying models were fitted to the experimental data of blanched and sliced ginger rhizomes. The Page equation was found to be the best to predict the moisture content of sliced ginger rhizome in thin layer. The agreement between the predicted and experimental results was excellent. Colour of ginger rhizomes was slightly changed after drying. Lightness of ginger rhizomes decreased with an increase in drying temperature for all samples except sliced and blanched samples. For drying of ginger rhizome, it should be sliced and blanched and dried below 70°C for better quality dried products. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(2): 301-319, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15892


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Lilis Sugiarti ◽  
Asridewi Suwandi ◽  
Amry Syawaalz

Gingerol in red ginger (Zingiber officinale, Roscoe) with percolation method modified base         Ginger was a spice type most widely used in various food and beverage recipes. Ginger is commonly used as a medicine at colds, indigestion, as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and others. Some of main components in ginger such as gingerol and shogaol are antioxidants. The purpose of this research was to isolate the red-gingerol in ginger rhizome and to identify. Metode used was extraction process by using percolation with ethanol solvent at room temperature, followed by isolation of gingerol by adding KOH solution at concentrations of 0, 1N, 0.5 N; 1.0 N. Furthermore, the extracted of compounds were identified using TLC and GC-MS.Based on the research result and identification had been carried out on samples of red ginger, it could be concluded that the water content of red ginger samples were 9.70%, with levels of 8.72% oleoresin. The weight of crude gingerol obtained in 1.0 N KOH concentration was to 0.61 g, while the concentration of KOH that produces greatest gingerol was 0.5 N, which amounted of 6.13%. The other peak than the gingerol peak suggested that the isolation was not pure yet. Homovanilil  alcohol  compounds  was  always  in  the greatest  prosentase,  which  was  22%,  followed  by  shogaol  compounds of 4.30% . Ion  with  a value  137 of  m / e:  was  the highest  ions  to be formed and the most stable ion Most compounds isolated by KOH  were phenolic  compounds groups, such as gingerol, shogaol and homovanilil alcohol.Keywords: red ginger, gingerol, extraction, TLC, GC-MS ABSTRAK          Jahe merupakan jenis rempah-rempah yang paling banyak digunakan dalam berbagai resep makanan dan minuman. Jahe biasa digunakan masyarakat sebagai obat masuk angin, gangguan pencernaan, sebagai analgesik, anti-inflamasi, dan lain-lain. Beberapa komponen utama dalam jahe seperti gingerol dan shogaol bersifat antioksidan. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan adalah untuk mengisolasi gingerol pada rimpang jahe merah secara optimum dan mengidentifikasinya.Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi proses ekstraksi jahe merah dengan menggunakan teknik ekstraksi perkolasi suhu ruang dengan pelarut etanol, dilanjutkan dengan isolasi gingerol dengan penambahan larutan KOH pada konsentrasi 0,1N; 0,5N; 1,0N. Selanjutnya senyawa hasil ekstraksi diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan TLC dan GC-MS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan identifikasi yang telah dilakukan pada sample jahe merah, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar air sampel jahe merah yang diteliti adalah sebesar 9,70%, dengan kadar oleoresin sebesar 8,72%. Bobot kasar gingerol terbesar diperoleh pada konsentrasi KOH 1,0N yaitu sebesar 0,61g, sedangkan konsentrasi KOH yang menghasilkan %kemelimpahan gingerol terbesar adalah pada konsentrasi 0,5N, yaitu sebesar 6,13%. Adanya puncak lain selain gingerol menunjukkan bahwa hasil isolasi belum murni. Senyawa homovanilil alkohol selalu terdapat dengan %kemelimpahan terbesar pada setiap sample, yakni 22%, diikuti senyawa shogaol sebesar 4,30%. Ion dengan nilai m/e : 137 adalah ion yang paling banyak terbentuk dan merupakan ion yang stabil. Sebagian besar senyawa yang terisolasi oleh KOH adalah senyawa golongan fenol, seperti gingerol, shogaol dan homovanilil alkohol.Kata kunci : jahe merah, gingerol, ekstraksi, TLC, GC-MS


Author(s):  
M.A. Egyan ◽  

The article shows studies characterizing the quality of the squeeze: the mechanical composition of the squeeze is determined, the structural moisture of each component is determined, the sugar content in the formed process of sedimentation of the juice and its acidity are determined refractometrically. The kinetics of anthocyanins extraction was determined in two ways, the solids content in the extract was calculated, and the reaction rate constants of the extraction process and the efficiency coefficient of ultrasonic amplification of the extraction process speed were calculated.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (21) ◽  
pp. 85-101
Author(s):  
Olga Shtyka ◽  
Łukasz Przybysz ◽  
Mariola Błaszczyk ◽  
Jerzy P. Sęk

The research focuses on the issues concerning a process of multiphase liquids transport in granular porous media driven by the capillary pressure. The current publication is meant to introduce the results of experimental research conducted to evaluate the kinetics of the imbibition and emulsions behavior inside the porous structures. Moreover, the influence of the dispersed phase concentration and granular media structure on the mentioned process was considered. The medium imbibition with emulsifier-stabilized emulsions composed of oil as the dispersed phase in concentrations of 10 vol%, 30 vol%, and 50 vol%, was investigated. The porous media consisted of oleophilic/hydrophilic beads with a fraction of 200–300 and 600–800 μm. The experimental results provided that the emulsions imbibition in such media depended stronger on its structure compare to single-phase liquids. The increase of the dispersed phase concentration caused an insignificant mass decreasing of the imbibed emulsions and height of its penetration in a sorptive medium. The concentrations of the imbibed dispersions exceeded their initial values, but reduced with permeants front raise in the granular structures that can be defined as the influential factor for wicking process kinetics.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anna Gumieniczek ◽  
Anna Berecka-Rycerz ◽  
Rafał Pietraś ◽  
Izabela Kozak ◽  
Karolina Lejwoda ◽  
...  

A comparative study of chemical stability of terfenadine (TER) and itsin vivometabolite fexofenadine (FEX) was performed. Both TER and FEX were subjected to high temperature at different pH and UV/VIS light at different pH and then quantitatively analyzed using new validated LC-UV methods. These methods were used to monitor the degradation processes and to determine the kinetics of degradation for both the compounds. As far as the effects of temperature and pH were concerned, FEX occurred more sensitive to degradation than TER. As far as the effects of UV/VIS light and pH were concerned, the both drugs were similarly sensitive to high doses of light. Using all stress conditions, the processes of degradation of TER and FEX followed the first-order kinetics. The results obtained for these two antihistaminic drugs could be helpful in developing their new derivatives with higher activity and stability at the same time.


Nukleonika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrietta Nichipor ◽  
Yongxia Sun ◽  
Andrzej G. Chmielewski

Abstract Theoretical study of NOx removal from humid air by a hybrid system (catalyst combined with electron beam) was carried out. The purpose of this work is to study the possibility to decrease energy consumption for NOx removal. The kinetics of radiation catalytic oxidation of NO on the catalyst TiO2 surface under electron beam irradiation was elaborated. Program Scilab 5.3.0 was used for numerical simulations. Influential parameters such as inlet NO concentration, dose, gas fl ow rate, water concentration and catalyst contents that can affect NOx removal efficiency were studied. The results of calculation show that the removal efficiency of NOx might be increased by 8-16% with the presence of a catalyst in the gas irradiated field.


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