scholarly journals Recovery of Aluminum from Aluminum Coated Plastic Waste using Pyrolysis Process

REAKTOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Chairul Irawan ◽  
Rinny Jelita ◽  
Iryanti Fatyasari Nata
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Aluminum Metal ◽  
Reactor Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

This study aims to separate aluminum metal in aluminum coated plastic waste so that it is known the obtained aluminum characteristics, to study the effects of temperature on the yield of solids and aluminum,  and to get the kinetic parameters that describe the effects of temperature on pyrolysis process rate. Plastic waste was cleaned, dried, cut, and weighed as much as 100 grams. Pyrolysis lasted in room temperature in 2 hours after the pyrolysis temperature was reached, i.e. 450oC. The formed smoke was condensed and weighed every 10 minutes from the first droplet until the pyrolysis time was completed. The remaining solids in the reactor were taken after the pyrolysis was completed and reactor temperature reached room temperature. The aluminum mixture was subsequently melted, molded and cooled. Experiments were repeated in various pyrolysis temperature variations (500°C, 550°C, 600°C and 650°C). The results show that the increase of pyrolysis temperature will decrease the yield of solids, while the aluminum yield remains. The obtained aluminum metal is 5.3% against the initial plastic mass in purity of 95.80%. The kinetic model representing plastic pyrolysis process is a single reaction model with the value of kinetic parameters of pre-exponential factor (A) 18.2689 min-1 and the activation energy value (E) 40.2310 kJ/mole.   Keywords: aluminum, pyrolysis, plastic wastes, temperature, kinetic parameter

scholarly journals Kinetics of the thermal decomposition of pine needles

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Dhaundiyal ◽  
Jitendra Gangwar
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
First Order ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract A kinetic study of the pyrolysis process of pine needles was examined using a thermogravimetric analyser. The weight loss was measured in nitrogen atmosphere at a purge flow rate of 100 ml/min. The samples were heated over a range of temperature of 19°C–600°C with a heating rate of 10°C/min. The results obtained from the thermal decomposition process indicate that there are three main stages: dehydration, active and passive pyrolysis. The kinetic parameters for the different samples, such as activation energy and pre-exponential factor, are obtained by the shrinking core model (reaction-controlled regime), the model-free, and the first-order model. Experimental results showed that the shrinking model is in good agreement and can be successfully used to understand degradation mechanism of loose biomass. The result obtained from the reaction-controlled regime represented actual values of kinetic parameters which are the same for the whole pyrolysis process; whereas the model-free method presented apparent values of kinetic parameters, as they are dependent on the unknown function ϕ(C), on the sum of the parameters of the physical processes, and on the chemical reactions that happen simultaneously during pyrolysis. Experimental results showed that values of kinetic constant from the first-order model and the SCM are in good agreement and can be successfully used to understand the behaviour of loose biomass (pine needles) in the presence of inert atmosphere. Using TGA results, the simulating pyrolysis can be done, with the help of computer software, to achieve a comprehensive detail of the devolatilization process of different types of biomasses.

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation over the Wood Permeability to Air as a Function of Pyrolysis Temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 831 ◽  
pp. 295-305
Author(s):  
Karol Ronewicz ◽  
Dariusz Kardaś
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Investigation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Test Stand ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Experimental Approaches

The paper deals with the wood permeability to gases and its changes with the temperature as it is important phenomena to be taken into account in order to determine the rate of release of the pyrolytic gases from a wood particle in the pyrolysis process. Both theoretical and experimental approaches are presented. The measurements were conducted on an original test stand designed and built solely for this purpose. The results show an interesting dependence of the permeability on the pyrolysis temperature of the wood. The permeability generally increases with the temperature (up to over ten times of initial value) but for the range of temperatures from 50°C to 150°C it reaches values lower than for room temperature.

scholarly journals A Simple Direct Method to Obtain Kinetic Parameters for Polymer Thermal Decomposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11300
Author(s):  
David Lázaro ◽  
Alain Alonso ◽  
Mariano Lázaro ◽  
Daniel Alvear
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
High Level ◽  
A Direct Method ◽  
Polymer Combustion ◽  
Model Expression

In a fire, the polymer combustion occurs when gaseous fuels react with oxygen. The heating of a material could force the release of gaseous fuels during thermal decomposition and pyrolysis. The rate of pyrolysis to define the gaseous fuels is usually interpreted by means of the Arrhenius expression and a reaction model expression, which are characterized by an activation energy, a pre-exponential factor, and a reaction order value. Many methods are available for determining kinetic parameters from thermogravimetric experimental data. However, the most challenging issue is achieving an adequate balance between accuracy and simplicity. This work proposes a direct method for determining the kinetic parameters with only a thermogravimetric experiment at a single heating rate. The method was validated with six polymers, and the results were compared with those from similar procedures, such as the Lyon method and generalized direct method. The results achieved using the simpler approach of the proposed method show a high level of accuracy.

scholarly journals Comparative Kinetic Analysis of CaCO3/CaO Reaction System for Energy Storage and Carbon Capture

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedunik-Hofman ◽  
Bayon ◽  
Donne
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Exponential Factor

The calcium carbonate looping cycle is an important reaction system for processes such as thermochemical energy storage and carbon capture technologies, which can be used to lower greenhouse gas emissions associated with the energy industry. Kinetic analysis of the reactions involved (calcination and carbonation) can be used to determine kinetic parameters (activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and the reaction model), which is useful to translate laboratory-scale studies to large-scale reactor conditions. A variety of methods are available and there is a lack of consensus on the kinetic parameters in published literature. In this paper, the calcination of synthesized CaCO3 is modeled using model-fitting methods under two different experimental atmospheres, including 100% CO2, which realistically reflects reactor conditions and is relatively unstudied kinetically. Results are compared with similar studies and model-free methods using a detailed, comparative methodology that has not been carried out previously. Under N2, an activation energy of 204 kJ mol-1 is obtained with the R2 (contracting area) geometric model, which is consistent with various model-fitting and isoconversional analyses. For experiments under CO2, much higher activation energies (up to 1220 kJ mol-1 with a first-order reaction model) are obtained, which has also been observed previously. The carbonation of synthesized CaO is modeled using an intrinsic chemical reaction rate model and an apparent model. Activation energies of 17.45 kJ mol-1 and 59.95 kJ mol-1 are obtained for the kinetic and diffusion control regions, respectively, which are on the lower bounds of literature results. The experimental conditions, material properties, and the kinetic method are found to strongly influence the kinetic parameters, and recommendations are provided for the analysis of both reactions.

scholarly journals Isothermal Kinetic Analysis of the Thermal Decomposition of Wood Chips from an Apple Tree

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Ivan Vitázek ◽  
Martin Šotnar ◽  
Stella Hrehová ◽  
Kristína Darnadyová ◽  
Jan Mareček
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
First Order Chemical Reaction ◽  
Isothermal Kinetic

The thermal decomposition of wood chips from an apple tree is studied in a static air atmosphere under isothermal conditions. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis, the values of the apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor are 34 ± 3 kJ mol−1 and 391 ± 2 min−1, respectively. These results have also shown that this process can be described by the rate of the first-order chemical reaction. This reaction model is valid only for a temperature range of 250–290 °C, mainly due to the lignin decomposition. The obtained results are used for kinetic prediction, which is compared with the measurement. The results show that the reaction is slower at higher values of degree of conversion, which is caused by the influence of the experimental condition. Nevertheless, the obtained kinetic parameters could be used for the optimization of the combustion process of wood chips in small-scale biomass boilers.

scholarly journals Combustibles alternativos para motores de combustión interna obtenidos a partir de residuos plásticos

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
José Manuel Riesco-Ávila ◽  
David Alejandro Rodríguez-Valderrama ◽  
Diana Marcela Pardo-Cely ◽  
Francisco Elizalde- Blancas
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Heavy Hydrocarbons ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Rapid Pyrolysis

Of the different methods for recycling plastic, pyrolysis offers the possibility to overcome the limitations of mechanical recycling, which requires large amounts of clean, separate and homogeneous plastic waste to ensure the quality of the final product. Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of plastic materials by thermal degradation in the absence of oxygen. The plastic waste is introduced into a chamber, where it is subjected to high temperatures, and the gases generated are condensed in order to obtain a distillate hydrocarbon. This paper presents the results obtained from the pyrolysis of plastic waste mixtures of polypropylene, high density polyethylene, and low density polyethylene. In a first stage, the plastic waste is subjected to a rapid pyrolysis process at temperatures of 440-450 °C, obtaining a mixture of heavy hydrocarbons. Subsequently, these hydrocarbons are subjected to a distillation process, first at a temperature of 180 °C, where a hydrocarbon with properties similar to those of gasoline is obtained, and then at a temperature of 360 °C, yielding a hydrocarbon with properties similar to those of diesel.

Effects of temperature and organic loading on the performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Grant ◽  
Kwan-Chow Lin
Keyword(s):  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Reactor Kinetics ◽  
State Process ◽  
Kinetic Coefficients ◽  
Reactor Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Steady State Process

A study investigating the effects of temperature and organic loading on the performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors was carried out in the laboratory. Laboratory-scale reactors of 3.2 L volume were semicontinuously fed a synthetic substrate consisting of beef consommé and macro- and micro-nutrient compounds. Temperatures ranged from 10 to 42 °C; organic loadings ranged from 2.0 to 30 kg COD/(m3∙d). Steady-state process kinetics and efficiencies were evaluated for the various conditions. Based on the assumption that upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor kinetics in the temperature range of 10–30 °C could be approximated by Monod and modified Arrhenius equation relationships, effluent SCOD concentrations and removals were used to determine the maximum rate of substrate utilization, the half-velocity constant, and the temperature coefficient. A design and operating chart was constructed based on the kinetic coefficients determined from the experimental data. Key words: upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, temperature, loading, performance, kinetics.

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON MILD STEEL GRADIENT-DISTRIBUTED WBE IMMERSED IN 3.5 wt.% NaCl SOLUTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150014
Author(s):  
QINGDONG ZHONG
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Method ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Corrosion Medium ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Wire Beam Electrode ◽  
Electrode Technique

To study the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in seawater at different temperatures, a novel electrochemical method called gradient-distributed wire beam electrode technique with high temporal and spatial resolution has been employed. This new wire beam electrode was prepared by three kinds of carbon steel with different carbon contents so that it can evaluate three materials simultaneously in the same corrosion medium (3.5[Formula: see text]wt.% NaCl solution) and improve the accuracy of tests results. After the gradient-distributed wire beam electrode soaked in 3.5[Formula: see text]wt.% NaCl solution for 8[Formula: see text]h, compared with measured at room temperature, the corrosion rate was accelerated greatly and polarity reversal of potential-current was also observed.

scholarly journals Curing Kinetic Parameters of Epoxy Composite Reinforced with Mallow Fibers

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento ◽  
Fernanda Santos da Luz ◽  
Ulisses Oliveira Costa ◽  
Fábio de Oliveira Braga ◽  
Édio Pereira Lima Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Curing Kinetic ◽  
Technological Tool

Knowledge about the curing behavior of a thermosetting resin and its composites includes the determination of kinetic parameters and constitutes an important scientific and technological tool for industrial process optimization. In the present work, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique was used to determine several curing parameters for pure epoxy and its composite reinforced with 20 vol % mallow fibers. Analyses were performed with heating rates of 5, 7.5, and 10 °C/min, as per the ASTM E698 standard. The kinetic related parameters, that is, activation energy (E), Avrami’s pre-exponential factor (Z), and mean time to reach 50% cure (t½), were obtained for the materials, at temperatures ranging from 25 to 100 °C. Response surfaces based on the mathematical relationship between reaction time, transformed fraction, and temperature were provided for optimization purposes. The results showed that the average curing time used for the production of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A/triethylenetetramine (DGEBA/TETA) epoxy systems or their composites reinforced with natural mallow fibers can be considerably reduced as the temperature is increased up to a certain limit.

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