scholarly journals Partial Substitution of Margarine with Avocado Fruit Puree for Healthy Pound Cake Preparation using Various Flour Types and Baking Methods

REAKTOR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Wilbur Donald Raymond Pokatong ◽  
Tiffany Nathalie
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Microwave Baking ◽  
Avocado Fruit ◽  
L Value

Avocado (Persea americana) is known to have high dietary fiber and monounsaturated fatty acids which can reduce low density lipoprotein (LDL); thus, reduced risk of heart attack. The research objective was to partially substitute margarine with avocado puree in the preparation of pound cakes to reduce the saturated fat and increase the nutritional values. The pound cakes were prepared with five different ratios of avocado puree to margarine which were 0:1, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, and 1:0 using three types of flour (all-purpose, cake, or bread flour) and baked using two methods (oven and microwave baking). Results showed that avocado contains 81.37±1.38 (%, wb), 53.09±3.64 (%, db), 6,98±0.49 (%, db), 34.57±3.63 (%, db), and 5.36±0.49 (%, db) of moisture, fat, protein, carbohydrate, and ash, respectively. From each type of flour, one pound-cake was selected based on its physical properties i.e. firmness, volume expansion, L* value, and ohue. Selected pound cakes were further evaluated with scoring and hedonic tests by 70 panelists to observe its consumer acceptance and selected the best pound cake from each type of baking methods (oven and microwave baking). The results showed that oven-baked pound cake with avocado puree to margarine ratio 1:1 prepared with cake flour and microwave-oven-baked pound cake with avocado puree to margarine ratio 1:1 prepared with bread flour exhibited the highest acceptance with overall hedonic values of 4.96±1.18 and 4.83±1.09, respectively. However, considering the time needed for baking and that the microwave baked pound cakes exhibiting higher protein, the pound cake baked in the microwave oven is more preferrable for further commercial manufacture.Keywords: avocado;baking; fat-substitution;flour types, pound-cake

scholarly journals ISSFAL 2014 Debate: It Is Time to Update Saturated Fat Recommendations

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce A. Nettleton ◽  
Philippe Legrand ◽  
Ronald P. Mensink
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
And Function

This paper summarizes a debate on whether to update recommendations for the consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA); this debate was held at the 11th congress of the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids in Stockholm, Sweden, June 28-July 2, 2014. Recommendations to reduce SFA intakes are based largely on the premise that high intakes of SFA raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels, which in turn increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Several systematic reviews question whether reducing SFA intakes lowers CHD risk. Arguing to revise SFA recommendations, Philippe Legrand noted that SFA are heterogeneous in structure and function, are synthesized de novo by humans and only certain SFA in excess have been linked to CHD risk. We cannot consider all SFA as a block. The effects of reducing SFA intakes depend on which nutrients replace them and on which biomarkers or endpoints are assessed, Ronald Mensink observed. The effects of reducing SFA on CHD risk vary with the nutrient of comparison, whether carbohydrates, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Substitution of SFA with polyunsaturated fatty acids was associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease, while the effects of substitution with monounsaturated fatty acids or high-glycemic index carbohydrates are less clear.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associations of behavioural risk factors with blood lipids profile in Lebanese adults: findings from WHO STEPwise NCD cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e026148
Author(s):  
Megali Mansour ◽  
Hani Tamim ◽  
Lara Nasreddine ◽  
Christelle El Khoury ◽  
Nahla Hwalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lipids Profile ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake

ObjectiveTo examine associations of behavioural risk factors, namely cigarette smoking, physical activity, dietary intakes and alcohol consumption, with blood lipids profile.Design and participantsData drawn from a cross-sectional study involving participants aged 18 years and over (n=363) from the nationwide WHO STEPwise Nutrition and Non-communicable Disease Risk Factor survey in Lebanon.MeasuresDemographic characteristics, behaviours and medical history were obtained from participants by questionnaire. Dietary assessment was performed using a 61-item Culture-Specific Food Frequency Questionnaire that measured food intake over the past year. Lipid levels were measured by the analysis of fasting blood samples (serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)).ResultsCurrent cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and low physical activity were prevalent among 33.3%, 39.7% and 41.6% of the sample, respectively. The contributions of fat and saturated fat to daily energy intake were high, estimated at 36.5% and 11.4%, respectively. Abnormal levels of TC, TG, VLDL, LDL-C and HDL-C were observed for 55.4%, 31.4%, 29.2%, 47.5% and 21.8% of participants, respectively. Adjusting for potential confounders, cigarette smoking was positively associated with higher odds of TG and VLDL (OR=4.27; 95% CI 1.69 to 10.77; and 3.26; 95% CI 1.33 to 8.03, respectively) with a significant dose–response relationship (p value for trend=0.010 and 0.030, respectively). Alcohol drinking and high saturated fat intake (≥10% energy intake) were associated with higher odds of LDL-C (OR=1.68; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.82 and OR= 1.73; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.93). Physical activity did not associate significantly with any blood lipid parameter.ConclusionThe demonstrated positive associations between smoking, alcohol drinking and high saturated fat intake with adverse lipoprotein levels lay further evidence for clinical practitioners, public health professionals and dietitians in the development of preventive strategies among subjects with a high risk of cardiovascular diseases in Lebanon and other neighbouring countries with similar epidemiological profile.

Variability in Response to a Low-Fat, Low-Cholesterol Diet in Children with Elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-929
Author(s):  
Eric S. Quivers ◽  
David J. Driscoll ◽  
Colleen D. Garvey ◽  
Ann M. Harris ◽  
Jay Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Cholesterol

The reduction of dietary cholesterol and fat lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and reduces risk of coronary heart disease in adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the individual variability of response of serum lipid and lipoprotein levels to a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet in children with elevated LDL-C levels. Thirty-two children (2 to 16 years of age) enrolled in a diet modification program, who had LDL-C levels of at least 110 mg/dL but normal triglyceride levels for their ages, were studied. Lipid levels and dietary nutrients were analyzed at the time of admission, and final assessments were made at least 3 months after entry. There was a significant correlation, for the group as a whole, between change in LDL-C concentration and change in grams of dietary saturated fat; however, there was marked individual variability in LDL-C response. There were no significant correlations between changes in LDL-C levels and changes in either total fat, polyunsaturated fat, or cholesterol intake. It is concluded that modest decreases in dietary saturated fat coincide with a lowering of LDL-C concentration, over a short term, in many children, but the degree of lowering varies considerably from one child to another. This variability is consistent with the concept that response of serum lipid levels to dietary changes is modified by genetic, metabolic, and other, as of yet, undefined variables.

Abnormal composition of apoproteins C-I, C-II, and C-III in plasma and very-low-density lipoproteins of non-insulin-dependent diabetic Chinese.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1914-1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
X R Pan ◽  
M C Cheung ◽  
C E Walden ◽  
S X Hu ◽  
E L Bierman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
White American ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
L Value ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic

Abstract Apoprotein (apo) C-I, C-II, and C-III were measured in plasma from 35 white American non-diabetic subjects. The mean concentrations (mg/L) in plasma from normolipidemic and hypertriglyceridemic subjects, respectively, were apo C-I, 78 and 311; apo C-II, 37 and 200; and apo C-III, 98 and 529. These concentrations were strongly correlated with the concentrations of plasma triglyceride (TG). We also measured these apoproteins in 23 Chinese non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients (13 men, 10 women) and in eight male and 10 female non-diabetic Chinese controls. The male diabetics had significantly lower concentrations of apo C-I in plasma, and lower apo C-I/TG, apo C-II/TG, apo C-III/TG, and apo C-I/C-III ratios than did the controls. The female diabetics had significantly higher apo C-II concentrations than the controls. The median value for plasma glucose during fasting was 1400 mg/L in the male diabetic subjects, similar to the 1370 mg/L value in female diabetics. Therefore, the higher concentrations of very-low-density lipoprotein in male diabetics may not reflect hyperglycemia per se.

scholarly journals Association Between Genetic Variants in FADS1-FADS2 and ELOVL2 and Obesity, Lipid Traits, and Fatty Acids in Tunisian Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 107602962091528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wided Khamlaoui ◽  
Sounira Mehri ◽  
Sonia Hammami ◽  
Souha Hammouda ◽  
Imed Chraeif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Minor Allele ◽  
Tunisian Population ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase

The aim of this study was to determine whether genetic variants in FADS1/FADS2 and ELOVL2 are associated with overweight–obesity and body mass index (BMI) and to assess the association between these genetic variants and lipid profile and fatty acid levels. A total of 259 overweight–obese patients were compared to 369 healthy controls. FADS1, FADS2, and ELOVL2 genes were associated with BMI and overweight–obesity ( P ≤ .001). In an additive model, the C allele in each of these variants was associated with a lower BMI: −1.18, −0.90, and −1.23 units, respectively. Higher amounts of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total saturated fatty acids (lauric [12:0], myristic [C14:0], palmitic [C16:0], stearic [C18:0], arachidic [20:0], lignoceric [24:0]), monounsaturated fatty acids (myristoleic [C14:1], erucic [C22:1 n-9]), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (α-linolenic [ALA, 18:3 n-3], docosahexaenoic [DHA, C22:6 n-3], eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA, C20:5n-3], arachidonic acid [AA, 20:4n-6], and conjugated linolenic acids [CLA1 and CLA2]) were shown in patients. A significant increase in D6D activities presented by 20:4n-6/18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6/18:2n-6, Δ9 desaturase (D9D) activity, estimated by the ratio 18:1n-9/18:0 and elongase activities (AE), and estimated by the ratio of docosatetraenoic/AA and DPA/EPA in patients. The C minor allele of FADS1 had significantly lower DHA. A significant decrease in stearic acid, EPA, and AE activity (docosatetraenoic/AA) was revealed in patients with the minor allele carriers of FADS2. The C minor allele of ELOVL2 had significantly lower ALA, EPA, DPA, and D6D activity (C20:4 n-6/C18:2n-6). These data suggest that variations in FADS1, FADS2, and ELOVL2 affect the risk of overweight–obesity and the level of circulating fatty acids and could point to a key molecular pathway of metabolic syndrome and its related comorbidities.

scholarly journals Replacement of dietary fat with palm oil: effect on human serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyana Sundram ◽  
Gerard Hornstra ◽  
Adriana C. v. Houwelingen ◽  
Arnold D. M. Kester
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio

Thirty-eight male volunteers participated in a double-blind cross-over trial evaluating the effect of replacing the usual sources of saturated fat in the Dutch diet (animal fats and hydrogenated oils) by palm oil, which is virtually free of cholesterol andtrans-fatty acids, on serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Maximum (about 70%) replacement had no significant effect on serum total cholesterol or most lipoprotein fractions, but resulted in an 11% increase in serum high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)2-cholesterol relative to the control (P2= 0.01). The palm-oil diet also caused an 8% decrease in low-density-lipoprotein (LDL):HDL2+HDL3-cholesterol ratio (P2= 0.02) as well as a 9% decrease in triacylglycerols in the low-density-lipoprotein fractions (P2= 0.01). Palm oil consumption resulted in a 4% increase in serum apolipoprotein AI (P2= 0.008) and a 4% decrease in apolipoprotein B (P2= 0.01) relative to the control diet; the B:AI apolipoprotein ratio was decreased by 8% (P2< 0.0001). These results were not significantly affected by the different lipoprotein E phenotypes of the volunteers. Although the observed differences were relatively modest, the present study, nonetheless, indicates that dietary palm oil, when replacing a major part of the normal fat content in a Dutch diet, may slightly reduce the lipoprotein- and apolipoprotein-associated cardiovascular risk profiles

scholarly journals Studi Invitro Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) Untuk Pengobatan Sariawan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizki Rizki ◽  
Yelsi Sepri Melda ◽  
Mades Fifendy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Avocado Fruit ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Test Level ◽  
Very High

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) efficacious for treating various diseases. Avocado fruit has a very high nutrient content. Fruit contains 11 vitamins and 14 minerals that are beneficial. Avocados are rich in protein, riboflavin, niacin, potassium, essential oils, such as methylchavikol, alphapinene, tannins, and flavonoids. The pulp contains saturated fat, protein, sesqueterpenes, vitamin A, B1, and B2, and the leaves contain active compounds flavonoids, tannins, and quersetin. Candida albicans is a fungus that can cause various diseases, one sprue. Research has been conducted in order to determine the inhibition of leaf infusion avocado (Persea americana Mill.) on the growth of Candida albicans. This research was using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications at each concentration infusion was 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%. Analysis of the data showed that treatment with each test level α f 5% significant and continued with HSD test. The results showed that 10% infusa avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) is able to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans.

It is time to revisit current dietary recommendations for saturated fat

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1409-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Lamarche ◽  
Patrick Couture
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
The Subject

The extent to which a high intake of saturated fat (SFA) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a highly controversial topic. Dietary SFA primarily raises low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, while having a relatively neutral impact on other key CVD risk factors. Recent epidemiological data also challenge the concept that SFA increases the risk of CVD. This short review provides arguments for the urgency to re-assess the association between dietary SFA and CVD risk in light of recent data on the subject.

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