scholarly journals Impact of habitat variability on growth dynamics of Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. along an altitudinal gradient in Kashmir Himalaya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid A Magray ◽  
Shabir A Zargar ◽  
Tajamul Islam ◽  
Irshad A Nawchoo
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Habitat Variability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inflorescence Length

Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. is an important medicinal plant of the Himalayan region. Phenotypic attributes of a particular plant species varies along different altitudes in order to adapt and to overcome the changeable and stressful conditions. A number of environmental factors such as mean temperature, precipitation, soil characteristics, radiation intensity etc. changes with altitudinal gradient and thereby affect the morphological pattern of a plant species. The present study was undertaken to reveal the impact of the elevational gradient and habitat variability on the morphological features of the selected species. Under different environmental conditions the species exhibited enormous variability in its phenotypic traits. The plants were shorter at high altitude site, Gulmarg while the plants of low altitude site, Kashmir University Botanical Garden (KUBG) were taller and more vigorous. A significant decrease in the plant height, inflorescence length, leaf length, leaf breadth and petiole length occurred with increasing altitude. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the habitat of KUBG and Ferozpora (Tangmarg) proved relatively better for the growth of B. ciliata. The regression analysis revealed positive correlation between plant height and traits like inflorescence length, leaf length, leaf number and thus predicting a direct impact of plant height on other traits. Our findings present a comprehensive account on the variability of phenotypic characteristics, in relation to the environmental conditions of this valuable medicinal plant species.

The Impact of Adjuvants on Herbicide Antagonism

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alkaline Earth Cations

Adjuvants are used to improve spray delivery, to increase spray retention on weed foliage, and to enhance foliar penetration by postemergence herbicides for increased herbicide efficacy. Numerous factors govern adjuvant efficacy, including the specific herbicide, plant species, and environmental conditions. Adding superior surfactants as adjuvants to a sethoxydim tank mix with Na-bentazon may overcome the Na-bentazon antagonsim of sethoxydim activity by facilitating increased sethoxydim absorption and by masking the antagonism similar to increasing the sethoxydim rate. Herbicides such as Na-bentazon contribute alkaline or alkaline earth cations that can form salts of a weakly acidic herbicide such as sethoxydim that are not absorbed readily by the plant. Adding abundant ammonium from ammonium sulfate or other sources may prevent and/or may overcome this antagonism.

scholarly journals Propagation and Introduction ofArnica montanaL. into Cultivation: A Step to Reduce the Pressure on Endangered and High-Valued Medicinal Plant Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Sugier ◽  
Piotr Sugier ◽  
Urszula Gawlik-Dziki
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Medicinal Plant Species ◽  
Plant Propagation ◽  
Reproduction Mode ◽  
The Impact

Arnica montana(L.) is an endangered and endemic medicinal plant species in Europe. The pressure on natural sources of this plant is alleviated by a suitable use of arnica resources in the European region and introduction into cultivation. The objective of this study was to describe the impact of different ways of plant propagation and introduction on the growth and reproduction mode of this species. During the six consecutive years of the field experiment, the vegetative and reproductive traits were monitored, and survival time was assessed. The particular ways of arnica plant propagation and introduction determined all the intrinsic species traits and plant survival. The values of the characteristics studied indicated good acclimatization of the arnica ecotype to the climatic conditions of eastern Poland. Practical implications from the data presented here include the possibility of using the presented modes of arnica propagation and introduction in the short- and long-term perspective of arnica cultivation, which can give a possibility of better adjustment of raw material production.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants in Semi-Natural Grasslands: Impact of Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Kose ◽  
Indrek Melts ◽  
Atsushi Ohwaki ◽  
Kei Uchida ◽  
Katrin Heinsoo
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Medicinal Plant Species ◽  
Species List ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Wooded Meadows ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Semi-natural grasslands as valuable ecosystems are significant for their high biodiversity, cultural importance and landscape values. Quantitative information about medicinal plants in semi-natural grasslands facilitates the evaluation of ecosystem services of these plant communities. Methods: Different literature sources and floristic inventory databases were used to assess the ratio and frequency of medicinal plant species in several Estonian grassland types and the impact of management on these values assessed both in Estonian and Japanese case studies. Lists of medicinal plant species according to different definition scenarios is included as Supplementary Material. Principal Component Analysis was applied for environmental preferences of medicinal plant species compared to other vascular plant species in the semi-natural grasslands.Results: The ratio of medicinal plant species in local total plant species list was the largest in alvars, followed by floodplain and wooded meadows. The average number of medicinal plant species per study plot in wooded meadows and alvars was about twice that found in naturally growing broadleaved forest (according to the most detailed MP species list 7.2, 7.8 and 4.3, respectively). Fertilization of Estonian wooded meadows had no significant impact on medicinal plant species ratio, but decreased the proportion of medicinal plant biomass in total yield. Estonian coastal meadows had a short list of medicinal plant species and the impact of management quality depended therefore on adopted definition scenario. In Japanese Miscanthus sinensis grassland case mowing or burning+mowing combination should be preferred to favor medicinal plant species number. Principal Component Analysis revealed that MP species are more drought-tolerant, common and anthropophyte than the rest of studied grassland species.Conclusions: Alternative usage of herbaceous plant species from semi-natural grasslands is a promising option to achieve sustainable development goals and increase public awareness. Further close cooperation of ecologists, economists and pharmacists is required to guarantee fair and sustainable trade of this ecosystem service in the future.

scholarly journals Biología floral de poblaciones silvestres y cultivadas de Phaseolus coccineus L. II. Sistemas reproductivos

2017 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Alberto Búrquez ◽  
José Sarukhán
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Phaseolus Coccineus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Cultivated Populations

Different reproductive traits are compared among wild a 1d cultivated populations of Phaseolus coccineus L., growing along an altitudinal gradient (2 200-3 000 m) and under different environmental conditions. It is suggested that the high altitude populations are genetically isolated from both the cultivar and wild populations at low elevation due to differences in pollinators, phenology, breeding systems and quantitative floral attributes. The high elevation wild populations show autoincompatibility; this trait is absent in the cultivar and low elevation wild populations. High elevation populations produce fewer flowers per inflorescence and proportionally more fruits than the other populations. The cultivar produces fewer seeds per pod, but they are eight times heavier than those of the wild populations. Many similarities between the low elevation wild populations and the cultivar were detected, except those attributes directly affected through selection by domestication, such as the number and weight of seeds per fruit. Intermediate phenotypic traits in the low elevation wild populations suggest genetic flow with the cultivar.

scholarly journals Correlation and Path Coefficient Studies for Plant Characters in Aqua Aroids, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Paul ◽  
M. A. Bari ◽  
S. C. Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Inflorescence Length

The nature and extent of correlation and path coefficients of aqua edible aroid taro (Colocasia esculenta L., Panikachu) accessions were studied for plant height, petiole length, petiole breadth, leaf number, leaf length, leaf breadth, leaf area index, inflorescence length, peduncle length, spath length, spath breadth and  yield per plant. The yield per plant showed significant and positive phenotypic correlation with petiole length (0.481), leaf length (0.576), leaf breadth (0.918), leaf number (0.620), inflorescence length (0.662), spath length (0.890) and spath breadth (0.992). The residual effect was 0.2205 which indicated that characters studied contributed 78% of yield per plant. At genotypic level, yield per plant expressed positive and significant correlation with plant height (0.560) and leaf number (0.600). The residual effect (0.424) indicated that about 58% yield was contributed by these characters.Keywords: Genotypic correlation; Phenotypic correlation; Path coefficient; Aqua aroid; Panikachu (Colocasia esculenta L Schott.stoloniferous).© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6078                J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 169-176 (2011)

scholarly journals 045 `African Beauty': A New Ornamental Camphor Basil

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 396B-396
Author(s):  
Mario R. Morales ◽  
James E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Original Population ◽  
Potted Plant ◽  
Companion Plants ◽  
Essential Oil Yield ◽  
Inflorescence Length

`African Beauty', a new ornamental camphor basil cultivar, was developed through three cycles of selfing and selection from USDA accession PI 500942, originally collected in Zambia, Africa. `African Beauty' was field-evaluated and compared with PI 500942 (the original population), PI 500954 (another accession from Zambia), a camphor cultivar from Companion Plants, and three other related lines in 1997 and 1998. Most commercial camphor basils are tall (50 to 60 cm), late-flowering, and unattractive. Our goal was to develop a new cultivar that had a short stature (≈40 cm), an early flowering, and an attractive appearance. The outcome was `African Beauty', which has the following characteristics: plant height: 30 to 35 cm, plant spread: 50 to 55 cm, leaf length: 6.3 to 6.7 cm, days to flower: 76 days, inflorescence length: 25 cm, essential oil yield: 3 mL/100 g dw. The essential oil of `African Beauty' is also highly aromatic, with 72% camphor, 12% camphene, and 9% limonene. The plant is a fast-growing, semicompact aromatic plant that produces small leaves and large quantities of long and slender inflorescences that, when fully developed, curve at the tip like the tail of a cat. Blooming usually lasts from 20 to 25 days, when the plant looks most beautiful. `African Beauty' is an attractive ornamental that would be excellent as a garden border plant, or as an indoor potted plant.

scholarly journals Reciprocal hemizygosity analysis reveals that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CGI121 gene affects lag time duration in synthetic grape must

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runze Li ◽  
Rebecca C Deed
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Grape Must ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Abstract It is standard practice to ferment white wines at low temperatures (10-18 °C). However, low temperatures increase fermentation duration and risk of problem ferments, leading to significant costs. The lag duration at fermentation initiation is heavily impacted by temperature; therefore, identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes influencing fermentation kinetics is of interest for winemaking. We selected 28 S. cerevisiae BY4743 single deletants, from a prior list of open reading frames (ORFs) mapped to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes VII and XIII, influencing the duration of fermentative lag time. Five BY4743 deletants, Δapt1, Δcgi121, Δclb6, Δrps17a, and Δvma21, differed significantly in their fermentative lag duration compared to BY4743 in synthetic grape must (SGM) at 15 °C, over 72 h. Fermentation at 12.5 °C for 528 h confirmed the longer lag times of BY4743 Δcgi121, Δrps17a, and Δvma21. These three candidate ORFs were deleted in S. cerevisiae RM11-1a and S288C to perform single reciprocal hemizygosity analysis (RHA). RHA hybrids and single deletants of RM11-1a and S288C were fermented at 12.5 °C in SGM and lag time measurements confirmed that the S288C allele of CGI121 on chromosome XIII, encoding a component of the EKC/KEOPS complex, increased fermentative lag phase duration. Nucleotide sequences of RM11-1a and S288C CGI121 alleles differed by only one synonymous nucleotide, suggesting that intron splicing, codon bias, or positional effects might be responsible for the impact on lag phase duration. This research demonstrates a new role of CGI121 and highlights the applicability of QTL analysis for investigating complex phenotypic traits in yeast.

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