Feasibility of different crop rotations for cultivation in salt affected soils

Crop rotation can be used as an effective technique for managing salt-affected soils, however selection of suitable crop rotation at farmer field is very intricate decision which depends on expected net revenue, available resources and preserving the soil quality. In this perspective a study was conducted to evaluate a suitable crop rotation scheme for salt affected soils in term of economic value and improving the soil health. Seven crop rotation used were; T1 = Wheat-Rice, T2 = Wheat-Sesamum, T3 = Ispagol-Rice, T4 = Ispagol-Qulfa, T5 = Tukhum-e-blangoo-Qulfa, T6 = Ajwain-Niazboo, T7 = Saunf-Podina. A moderately salt affected field {pHs = 8.65, ECe = 5.20 dS m-1, SAR = 27.73 (mmol l-1)1/2} was selected. The experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications having plot size of 4 m x 6 m. Results of two years study showed that maximum grain yield was recorded by rice wheat rotation and maximum net income (208352 Rs. ha−1) and BCR (4.72) was also observed in rice-wheat crop rotation over all other crop rotations. With respect to ameliorative affect, rice- wheat rotation also showed a significant positive impact on chemical properties of salt affected soil. Therefore, it is suggested that rice wheat crop rotation is the most suitable and economically attractive cropping scheme in salt affected soil which has potential to provide better long-term income to farmers, improve soil health and combat soil deterioration caused by salinity.

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Effectiveness of winter wheat cultivation in adaptive crop rotation on chernozem typical

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213201007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 01007

Author(s):

Ivan Prushchik ◽

Svetlana Khlupina

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Atmospheric Precipitation ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Farming System ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Net Income ◽

Typical Chernozem ◽

Wheat Cultivation

The paper presents the results of research to assess the efficiency of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation in adaptive crop rotations on typical chernozem. The crop yield have analyzed for three different crop rotations (grain-fallow, grain-grass-row, and grain-grass) in comparison with a monoculture on a stationary multifactorial field experiment on physical modeling of the farming system of the FSBSI “Kursk FARC” (Kursk region, Medvensky district). It was determined that the maximum yield was obtained in grain-and-row crop rotation; on average, over three years of research, the increase in it was 1.71 t/ha. Statistical data processing has carried out and correlations between the weather conditions of the year and the yield of winter wheat has revealed. Thus, a moderate direct relationship (r = 0.65) was established with atmospheric precipitation, and a moderate inverse relationship with the sum of effective temperatures (r = 0.58). Indicators of economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation have calculated, both for monoculture and for three types of crop rotations. The lowest cost of winter wheat grain – 5926.94 t/ha – was recorded in grain-fallow crop rotation, which provided the highest net income of 12056.26 and the highest profitability among all options – 68.72%.

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Efficiency of grain production in crop rotations of the dry steppe of the Lower Volga region

The Agrarian Scientific Journal ◽

10.28983/asj.y2021i2pp4-8 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 4-8

Author(s):

Zakiulla Mtyullovich Azizov ◽

Vladimir Viktorovich Arkhipov ◽

Ildar Garifullovich Imashev

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Arable Land ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Production Costs ◽

Field Crop ◽

Net Income ◽

Lower Volga Region ◽

Dry Steppe ◽

The Cost

The analysis of the influence of species and the fullness of crop rotations on the productivity and efficiency of grain crops is given. It was revealed that the highest grain yield is observed in a 4-field grain-fallow crop rotation. The absence of a field of late spring crops (millet) in 2- and 3-field crop rotations reduces grain yield in comparison with 4- and 7-field crops, both on average over 28 years (1991-2018), and in wet and middle years. The bioenergy coefficient, judging by the costs and grain yield, was highest in a 2-field grain-fallow crop rotation (4.94), then in a 4-field rotation (4.60), then in decreasing order: 7-field (3.86) and 3- field (3.73). In calculating the costs of labor, fuel and energy per 1 ton of grain from arable land, the lowest indicators were obtained in 2-field and 4-field crop rotations. It has been established that in terms of production costs per hectare of arable land, the cost of production of 1 ton of grain, conditionally net income per hectare of arable land, the level of profitability, the leading place is occupied by a 2-field grain-fallow crop rotation. For example, the lowest production costs were noted in a 2-field grain-fallow crop rotation (7782.00 rubles), the highest - in a 7-field (13835.56 rubles). Hence, the lowest production cost of 1 ton of grain was obtained in a 2-field crop rotation, amounting to 5598.56 rubles, followed by a 4-field crop rotation with millet - 7392.66 rubles. And according to the level of profitability, as mentioned above, grain-fallow crop rotations are arranged in decreasing order with the advantage of a 2-field crop rotation in the following order: two-, four-, three- and seven-field - respectively 116.1; 53.2; 48.2 and 37.0 %.

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Diversified Crop Rotation: An Approach for Sustainable Agriculture Production

Advances in Agriculture ◽

10.1155/2021/8924087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Kabita Kumari Shah ◽

Bindu Modi ◽

Hari Prasad Pandey ◽

Arjun Subedi ◽

Geeta Aryal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Crop Production ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Soil Health ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Soil Condition ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Production Risk ◽

System Productivity ◽

Distinct Structure

Diversified crop rotation (DCR) improves the efficiency of farming systems all over the world. It has the potentiality to improve soil condition and boost system productivity. Improved soil attributes such as increased soil water uptake and storage, and a greater number of beneficial soil organisms, may improve yield tolerance to drought and other hard growing conditions in a variety of crop rotations. Crop rotations with a variety of crops benefit the farmers,reduce production risk and uncertainty, and enhance soil and ecological sustainability. Farmers may be able to diversify their sources of income by adopting diversified crop rotations. Furthermore, because of the distinct structure, function, and relationship of plant community with soil in DCR, it contributes to the long-term development of soil health by decreasing insect, weed, and disease incidence and increasing the physical and chemical structure of the soil. DCR is becoming more popular approach for maintaining sustainable crop production. This review provides the evidence of the significance of DCR, challenges to adapt it, and possible way out to overcome the challenges.

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Green manuring shifted the effects of crop rotation on soil EEAs activities in the Loess Plateau of China

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10757 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Haining Tao ◽

Jianqiang Deng ◽

Yuan Li

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Loess Plateau ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soil Health ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

The Loess Plateau ◽

Common Vetch ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Green Manuring

Green manuring and crop rotation are important management practices with the potential to reduce the dependence on mineral fertilizers and to maintain soil health. Soil extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) serve as a proxy for estimating the availability and cycling of soil nutrients and thus widely used as biological indicators of soil health. However, the effects of green manure application under different crop rotations on soil EEAs remain unclear. Here, a 5-year field experiment (2015-2020) was conducted and two crop rotations were established in the Loess Plateau of China. Specifically, forage rape (Brassica napus L.) (R) or common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) (V) was cultivated during the fallow period (F) of monoculture system, winter wheat (Triticum astivum L.) (W). Aboveground biomass of R and V were harvest in September 2020 and 50% of the biomass was chopped and returned to the soil surface. Soil EEAs activities [&#946;-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), &#946;-xylosidase (Xylo) (XYL), and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG)] at 0-5 cm were determined in September and October. Observed EEAs activities were strongly affected by the pattern of crop rotation and sampling time, with greater EEAs activities in W-V-W-V than in W-R-W-R in September. Whereas, EEAs activities was higher in W-R-W-R than in W-V-W-V in October, expert for BG that had no difference between two crop rotations. Overall, our study demonstrated that green manuring shifted the effects of crop rotation on soil EEAs activities in the topsoil in the Loess Plateau of China.Keywords: Annual forage, Residue retention, Soil health, The Loess Plateau

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Comparison of Long-Run Net Returns of Conventional and Organic Crop Rotations

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12197891 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

pp. 7891

Author(s):

Michael R. Langemeier ◽

Xiaoyi Fang ◽

Michael O’Donnell

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Small Proportion ◽

Risk Model ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Downside Risk ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Trade Off ◽

Net Returns ◽

Long Run

This study compares the long-run net returns to land of conventional corn/soybean and corn/soybean/wheat crop rotations to that of an organic corn/soybean/wheat crop rotation. The net returns to land for the organic crop rotation were found to be approximately $68 and $74 per acre higher than those of the conventional corn/soybean and conventional corn/soybean/wheat crop rotations, respectively. Average net return estimates are sensitive to price, yield, and cost assumptions. Organic crop prices would have to drop more than 17.8 percent and organic crop yields would have to drop more than 16.8 percent before the conventional corn/soybean crop rotation was more profitable than the organic corn/soybean/wheat crop rotation. These percentage changes are relatively small compared to the historical relationships between organic and conventional crop prices and yields. A risk model was used to examine the trade-off between expected net returns and downside risk. Converting even a small proportion of acreage to an organic corn/soybean/wheat crop rotation improves net returns and reduces downside risk compared to only utilizing conventional crop rotations.

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Soil N2O emissions after perennial legume termination in an alfalfa-wheat crop rotation system under Mediterranean conditions

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2020.1613 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Laura Trozzo ◽

Matteo Francioni ◽

Ayaka Wenhong Kishimoto-Mo ◽

Lucia Foresi ◽

Michele Bianchelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Block Design ◽

N Uptake ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

N2o Emission ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Alfalfa Field ◽

Perennial Legume

Agricultural activities are potential sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the most important non-carbon-dioxide GHGs. Perennial legumes such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) have potential roles for reduction of soil GHG emissions as part of crop rotation systems. However, the implications of perennial legume termination by tillage and subsequent soil incorporation of the residues for reduced GHG emissions have been poorly examined in Mediterranean environments. With the aim to assess the magnitude of soil N2O emissions (important for the definition of mitigation strategies) after perennial legume termination in alfalfa-wheat crop rotation systems in a Mediterranean environment, we defined the hypothesis that alfalfa termination by tillage with incorporation of the crop residues will increase soil N2O emissions during the subsequent wheat season. To test this hypothesis, closed static chambers were used in a field–plot experiment, using a complete randomised block design with three replicates. Soil N2O emissions were monitored across 33 sampling dates from October 2017 to July 2018, as a comparison between an original 6-year-old alfalfa field (‘continuous alfalfa’) and alfalfa termination followed by wheat (‘alfalfa+ wheat’). The soil N2O emission fluxes varied markedly across the treatments and throughout the monitoring period (from – 0.02±0.01 to 0.53±0.14 g N-N2O ha–1 h–1, and from 0.02±0.07 to 0.37±0.11 g N-N2O ha–1 h–1 for continuous alfalfa and alfalfa+wheat, respectively), generally following the changes in soil temperature. Several soil N2O emission peaks were recorded for both treatments, which mainly coincided with rainfall and with increased soil water content. In the 2 months following alfalfa termination, alfalfa+wheat showed higher cumulative weekly soil N2O emissions compared to continuous alfalfa. Following alfalfa termination for alfalfa+wheat, the increased cumulative weekly soil N2O emissions appeared to be due to asynchrony between nitrogen (N) released into the soil from mineralisation of the alfalfa residues and N uptake by the wheat. Despite these initial high soil N2O emissions for alfalfa+wheat, the seasonal cumulative soil N2O emissions were not significantly different (0.77±0.09 vs 0.85±0.18 kg N-N2O ha–1 for continuous alfalfa and alfalfa+wheat, respectively). These data suggest that legume perennial crop termination in alfalfa–wheat rotation systems does not lead to significant loss of N2O from the soil. The alfalfa termination by tillage performed in autumn might, on the one hand, have slowed the mineralisation process, and might, on the other hand, have synchronised the N release by the mineralised crop residues, with the N uptake by the wheat reducing the soil N2O emissions.

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Productivity of grain crop rotations in the landscape conditions of the Central Ciscaucasia

Agrarian science ◽

10.32634/0869-8155-2021-351-7-8-89-92 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 89-92

Author(s):

A. I. Khripunov ◽

E. N. Obshchiya

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Grain Crop ◽

Winter Wheat Crop

Increasing the yield of the most profitable field crops and their placement in crop rotations is an urgent problem of agriculture. The purpose of the studies is to study the productivity of grain crop rotations with various saturation of winter wheat on various power backgrounds and landscape taxons in the zone of unstable moisturizing of the Stavropol Territory. Productivity of grain crop rotations depends on the developing weather conditions, the introduction of mineral fertilizers, saturation of crop rotations with winter wheat and location in the relief. The maximum yield of grain units was observed in crop rotations with winter crops. In crop rotation with a spring barley, they were collected by 3.5–4.2 с less. The use of fertilizers increased the collection of grain units on average by 4.9–6.1 c/ha. On the outskirts of the placard (A1) due to lower soil fertility the minimum collection of grain units was obtained (20.2 с). On average (A2) and lower (A3) slopes their fee increased by 11.7 c, or 57.9%, and by 14.5 c, or 71.8%. In the first crop rotation with 60% saturation of winter wheat the maximum yield of the grain of this culture was obtained. In the second and third crop rotation with 40% grain saturation wasassembled by 6.2–6.3 c less. Putting fertilizers in a dose of N40P40K40 increased the grain collection in the first crop rotation by 4.1, in the second — by 2.2 and in the third — by2.4 c, and according to taxons: on A1 — by1.4,on A2 — by3.6 and onA3 — by 3.8 c. According to the landscape taxons, the release of grain of winter wheat differed at 7.9–10.2 c with the maximum value on the lower slope. Upon the exit of the grain and feed units on all power backgrounds, 1st and 3rd crop turns were leading, and in the exit of the grain of winter wheat — crop rotation with 3 fields of winter wheat.

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Effect of Soil Organic Ameliorants with Carbonized Rice Hull on the Growth and Yield of Shallot Onion (Allium ascalonicum L) on Salt Affected Soil

Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research ◽

10.9734/ajahr/2021/v8i330117 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-28

Author(s):

Dave L. Naungayan ◽

Judy M. Sorsano ◽

Elizabeth N. Farin

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Effective Means ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Rice Hull ◽

Average Height ◽

Salt Affected Soil ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Salt Affected Soils ◽

Goat Manure

A pot experiment was conducted to test the potential of different soil organic ameliorants in salt affected soils reclamation; to test the effect of soil organic ameliorants on the growth and yield of shallot onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) planted in salt affected soil; determine the most effective soil organic ameliorants on salt affected soil Treatments prepared were; T1- Control Salt affected soil (1.57 kg/pot-1), T2- Vermi-cast (197.40 g/pot-1) with CRH (30 grams/pot-1),T3- Guano dung (39.40 g pot-1 with CRH (30 grams/pot-1), T4- Dried Goat Manure (115.40 g/pot-1) with CRH (30 grams/pot-1), T5- Dried Chicken Dung (94.94 g pot-1) with CRH (30 grams/pot-1), T6- Dried Cattle Manure (214.30 g/pot-1) with CRH (30 grams/pot-1). The study was laid out using Randomized complete block design with treatments and three replications. All organic ameliorants applied to the salt affected soil significantly improved on average bulb diameter, average height, average number of leaves, average bulb fresh weight, average number of tillers and average yield per hectare. It can be concluded that application of organic ameliorants is effective means to address the problem in saline affected soils.

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Performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) succeeding pearlmillet intercropped in seed crop of Sesbania

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v0iof.6768 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

A. K. Dhaka ◽

Satish Kumar ◽

R. K. Pannu ◽

Bhagat Singh ◽

Ramprakash ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Soil Health ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Health Improvement ◽

Available N ◽

Net Return ◽

Seed Crop ◽

Equivalent Yield

Sole pearlmillet and their intercropping combinations during kharif followed by wheat grown with three nitrogen levels i.e 50, 75 and 100 % of recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN)to identify the profitable system. Based on two year study the net return and B:C ratio under Sesbania–wheat rotation were 17.9% and 7.1% more over pearlmillet-wheat crop rotation, respectively. Among intercropping systems Sesbania sown at 90 cm spacing intercropped with one row of pearlmillet followed by wheat was the most profitable crop rotation for the farmers who are interested in seed crop of sesbania with net return (Rs 40013/ha) and B:C ratio (1.48) along with highest Sesbania seed yield of (924kg/ha) with an additional pearlmillet yield (743kg/ha) and wheat equivalent yield (6656kg/ha). Sesbania sown at 120 cm spacing intercropped with two rows of pearlmillet followed by wheat was the most profitable crop rotation for farmers, who are more interested in pearlmillet seed crop with the highest net return ( Rs 40593/ha) and B:C ratio (1.48) along with highest pearlmillet seed yield (1344 kg/ha), Sesbania seed yield (762 kg/ha), highest sesbania equivalent yield (1379 kg/ha) and second highest wheat equivalent yield (6661kg/ha) among intercropping systems. So, Sesbania followed by wheat is more profitable over pearlmillet- wheat crop rotation and from sustainability point of view to encourage the farmers for seed production of Sesbania and to get maximum net return, the Sesbania can be intercropped with one or two rows of pearlmillet. Sesbania sole or in combination with pearlmillet as intercrop was found beneficial for soil health improvement in terms of available N,P and K status of soil as compared to pearlmillet sole-wheat rotation.

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Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

Multifunctional adaptive feed production № 23 (71) ◽

10.33814/mak-2020-23-71-38-42 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽

Oksana Artyuhova ◽

Vera Svirina

Keyword(s):

Forest Soil ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Gray Forest Soil ◽

Arable Land ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Field Crop ◽

Pure Steam ◽

Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

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