Diversified Crop Rotation: An Approach for Sustainable Agriculture Production

Diversified crop rotation (DCR) improves the efficiency of farming systems all over the world. It has the potentiality to improve soil condition and boost system productivity. Improved soil attributes such as increased soil water uptake and storage, and a greater number of beneficial soil organisms, may improve yield tolerance to drought and other hard growing conditions in a variety of crop rotations. Crop rotations with a variety of crops benefit the farmers,reduce production risk and uncertainty, and enhance soil and ecological sustainability. Farmers may be able to diversify their sources of income by adopting diversified crop rotations. Furthermore, because of the distinct structure, function, and relationship of plant community with soil in DCR, it contributes to the long-term development of soil health by decreasing insect, weed, and disease incidence and increasing the physical and chemical structure of the soil. DCR is becoming more popular approach for maintaining sustainable crop production. This review provides the evidence of the significance of DCR, challenges to adapt it, and possible way out to overcome the challenges.

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Influence of crop rotation, tillage, and management inputs on weed seed production

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500091591 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 175-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

George O. Kegode ◽

Frank Forcella ◽

Sharon Clay

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Crop Production ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Weed Species ◽

Weed Seeds ◽

Ridge Tillage

Approaches to crop production that successfully reduce weed seed production can benefit farming systems by reducing management inputs and costs. A 5-yr rotation study was conducted in order to determine the effects that interactions between crop rotation, tillage, and amount of herbicide and fertilizer (management inputs) have on annual grass and broad-leaved weed seed production and fecundity. There were 10 crop rotation and tillage system combinations and three levels of management inputs (high, medium, and low). Green and yellow foxtail were the major weed species, and together they yielded between 76 and 93% of collected weed seeds. From 1990 to 1994, average grass weed seed productions were 7.3 by 103, 3.7 by 1036.1 by 103and 5.7 by 103seeds m−-2, whereas average broad-leaved weed seed productions were 0.4 by 103, 0.4 by 103, 1.4 by 103, and 0.4 by 103seeds m−-2in crop rotations using conventional tillage (moldboard plow), conservation tillage, no tillage, and ridge tillage, respectively. Crop rotations using conventional or ridge tillage consistently produced more grass and broad-leaved weed seeds, especially in low-input plots. There was little difference in weed seed production among input levels for crop rotations using conservation tillage. Comparing rotations that began and ended with a corn crop revealed that by increasing crop diversity within a rotation while simultaneously reducing the amount of tillage, significantly fewer grass and broad-leaved weed seeds were produced. Among the rotations, grass and broad-leaved weed fecundity were highly variable, but fecundity declined from 1990 to 1994 within each rotation, with a concomitant increase in grass and broad-leaved weed density over the same period. Crop rotation in combination with reduced tillage is an effective way of limiting grass and broad-leaved weed seed production, regardless of the level of management input applied.

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Land use change: understanding and managing soil dynamics

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ◽

10.1071/rs10014 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 122 (2) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Richard MacEwan ◽

Keith Reynard ◽

Nathan Robinson ◽

Mark Imhof ◽

Elizabeth Morse-Mcnabb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Spatial Information ◽

Soil Health ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Soil Condition ◽

Soil Dynamics ◽

Catchment Management ◽

The North ◽

Farm Scale

Lessons of the past show that care for the soil is fundamental to the rise and sustainability of agrarian civilisations. The responsibility for this care devolves to individual farmers, land managers and investors in agricultural production, all of whom are, by default, soil custodians. Soil condition is affected by land use practices; understanding the dynamics of soil and land use interaction is therefore critical in achieving sustainable soil management and the maintenance of soil health. Understanding and managing this dynamic requires good data and sound knowledge of farming systems and their interaction with soil properties and processes. The North Central Catchment Management Authority (NCCMA) region has soil and land use data at a range of scales that can assist in understanding the region’s soil assets with respect to current and future farming systems. Programs that fully engage farmers in planning for soil health, and provide appropriate tools and information, will be a cornerstone for managing soil dynamics under pressure from climate and land use change. This paper explains the contexts in which soil spatial information and land use data are collected, provides examples for the NCCMA region, and briefly describes the challenge of providing soil information at the farm scale.

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Green manuring shifted the effects of crop rotation on soil EEAs activities in the Loess Plateau of China

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10757 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Haining Tao ◽

Jianqiang Deng ◽

Yuan Li

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Loess Plateau ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soil Health ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

The Loess Plateau ◽

Common Vetch ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Green Manuring

Green manuring and crop rotation are important management practices with the potential to reduce the dependence on mineral fertilizers and to maintain soil health. Soil extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) serve as a proxy for estimating the availability and cycling of soil nutrients and thus widely used as biological indicators of soil health. However, the effects of green manure application under different crop rotations on soil EEAs remain unclear. Here, a 5-year field experiment (2015-2020) was conducted and two crop rotations were established in the Loess Plateau of China. Specifically, forage rape (Brassica napus L.) (R) or common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) (V) was cultivated during the fallow period (F) of monoculture system, winter wheat (Triticum astivum L.) (W). Aboveground biomass of R and V were harvest in September 2020 and 50% of the biomass was chopped and returned to the soil surface. Soil EEAs activities [&#946;-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), &#946;-xylosidase (Xylo) (XYL), and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG)] at 0-5 cm were determined in September and October. Observed EEAs activities were strongly affected by the pattern of crop rotation and sampling time, with greater EEAs activities in W-V-W-V than in W-R-W-R in September. Whereas, EEAs activities was higher in W-R-W-R than in W-V-W-V in October, expert for BG that had no difference between two crop rotations. Overall, our study demonstrated that green manuring shifted the effects of crop rotation on soil EEAs activities in the topsoil in the Loess Plateau of China.Keywords: Annual forage, Residue retention, Soil health, The Loess Plateau

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Eight years of crop rotation and tillage effects on crop production and N fertilizer use

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s01-047 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 165-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Y. K. Soon ◽

G. W. Clayton

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Green Manure ◽

Crop Production ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Red Clover ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Field Pea ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Soil Test ◽

Test Results

Although tillage systems and crop rotations can affect crop production and uptake of nutrients, their long-term effects, particularly their interactions, are not well-documented. Therefore, we measured the N, P, and K contents and yields of crops through two rotation cycles, especially wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), of four crop rotations managed under conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) systems. The study was conducted 1993 through 2000 on a sandy loam soil in northwestern Alberta, Canada. The four-course crop rotations were: (i) field pea (Pisum sativum L.)-wheat-canola (Brassica rapa L.)-wheat; (ii) red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) green manure-wheat-canola-wheat; (iii) fallow-wheat-canola-wheat, and (iv) continuous wheat (CW). The crops were fertilized using regional recommendations based on soil test results. Previous crop effect on wheat yield was in the order: field pea = red clover green manure > fallow > canola > wheat (CW); it had little influence on N, P or K content in wheat grain or straw. There was no interaction of tillage with crop rotation on wheat production or nutrient content. Tillage treatments affected neither production of other rotation crops nor their nutrient concentrations. During the second rotation cycle, N fertilizer requirement decreased, and wheat yield was 22% higher, under NT as compared to CT. This study showed that (i) field pea is an attractive replacement for red clover green manure; and (ii) recommendations for N from soil test results should factor in the type of tillage system used. Key words: Canola, field pea, red clover, nitrogen, tillage, wheat

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Occurrence and Anastomosis Grouping of Rhizoctonia spp. Inducing Black Scurf and Greyish-White Felt-Like Mycelium on Carrot in Sweden

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7050396 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 396

Author(s):

Shirley Marcou ◽

Mariann Wikström ◽

Sara Ragnarsson ◽

Lars Persson ◽

Monica Höfte

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Potato Crop ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Anastomosis Group ◽

Black Scurf ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

High Importance ◽

Production Areas ◽

First Time ◽

Over Time

Carrots with different Rhizoctonia-like symptoms were found in the main Swedish carrot production areas from 2001–2020. The most commonly observed symptoms were a greyish-white felt-like mycelium and black scurf, the latter often associated with Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG) 3-PT on potato. An overall increase in disease incidence in all studied fields over time was observed for both symptoms. The majority of Rhizoctonia isolates sampled from carrot in the period 2015–2020 were identified as AG 3 (45%) and AG 5 (24%), followed by AG 1-IB (13%), AG 11 (5%), AG-E (5%), AG BI (3%), AG-K (3%) and AG 4-HGII (2%). To our knowledge, this is the first report describing AG 5 in Sweden as well as AG 3, AG 11 and AG-E inducing Rhizoctonia-like symptoms on carrot. Secondly, we report for the first time that R. solani AG 3, and the less observed AGs: AG 1-IB and AG 5 can induce black scurf symptoms on the taproot of carrots. Due to a widely used carrot-potato crop rotation in Swedish areas, a possible cross-over from potato to carrot is suggested. This information is of high importance to reduce Rhizoctonia inoculum in soils, since avoiding carrot-potato crop rotations needs to be considered.

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Feasibility of different crop rotations for cultivation in salt affected soils

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2019.114.1.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 114 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Khalil AHMED ◽

Ghulam QADIR ◽

Muhammad Qaisar NAWAZ ◽

Muhammad SARFRAZ ◽

Muhammad RIZWAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Health ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Net Income ◽

Salt Affected Soil ◽

Rotation Scheme ◽

Salt Affected Soils

Crop rotation can be used as an effective technique for managing salt-affected soils, however selection of suitable crop rotation at farmer field is very intricate decision which depends on expected net revenue, available resources and preserving the soil quality. In this perspective a study was conducted to evaluate a suitable crop rotation scheme for salt affected soils in term of economic value and improving the soil health. Seven crop rotation used were; T1 = Wheat-Rice, T2 = Wheat-Sesamum, T3 = Ispagol-Rice, T4 = Ispagol-Qulfa, T5 = Tukhum-e-blangoo-Qulfa, T6 = Ajwain-Niazboo, T7 = Saunf-Podina. A moderately salt affected field {pHs = 8.65, ECe = 5.20 dS m-1, SAR = 27.73 (mmol l-1)1/2} was selected. The experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications having plot size of 4 m x 6 m. Results of two years study showed that maximum grain yield was recorded by rice wheat rotation and maximum net income (208352 Rs. ha−1) and BCR (4.72) was also observed in rice-wheat crop rotation over all other crop rotations. With respect to ameliorative affect, rice- wheat rotation also showed a significant positive impact on chemical properties of salt affected soil. Therefore, it is suggested that rice wheat crop rotation is the most suitable and economically attractive cropping scheme in salt affected soil which has potential to provide better long-term income to farmers, improve soil health and combat soil deterioration caused by salinity.

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EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOLOGIZATION TECHNIQUES IN LINKS OF CROP ROTATIONS WITH WINTER WHEAT IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE VOLGA REGION

Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy ◽

10.18286/1816-4501-2020-2-54-62 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 54-62

Author(s):

А. L Toygildin ◽

◽

V. I. Morozov ◽

М. I. Podsevalov ◽

D.E. Ayupov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Crop Production ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Grain Legumes ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Volga Region ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Fertilizer System

The performance of the set tasks for the production of the necessary volumes of grain is possible only on the basis of a scientific-based approach to the development of agricultural technologies on a systematic basis. Research aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of methods of biologization of crop rotation links with winter wheat at the expense of grain legumes and organomineral fertilizer systems in conditions of forest-steppe zone of the Volga region. The research was carried out in years long stationary field trial of the department of agriculture, crop production and breeding of FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU in 4-6-month field crop rotations. The objects of study were of crop rotation links with winter wheat: 1) complete fallow-winter wheat; 2) peas - winter wheat; 3) Lupin - winter wheat; 4) Lupin + peas - winter wheat. In the structure of land use, there is still a high share of complete fallow, which has negative environmental consequences. The main reason for the introduction of complete fallows is the preservation of moisture for seeding winter crops. However, our research shows that when replacing complete fallows to grain legumes (peas, white lupine), 23.0-25.0 mm of productive moisture accumulates in the soil before seeding winter wheat, which, if agrotechnical requirements are met, allows you to get seedlings and sufficient development of winter wheat in the autumn period. Despite the higher yield of winter wheat by complete fallow, the productivity of links with legumes was higher. The inclusion of grain legumes in crop rotations as steam-generating crops can be used to eliminate the negative effects of complete fallow. The results obtained allow us to recommend combined tillage that includes soil loosening for grain legumes and surface tillage for winter wheat, as well as to use the organomineral fertilizer system straw + NPK, while the doses of mineral fertilizers are calculated on the planned yield of grain legumes of 2.5-3.0 t/ha and winter wheat - 4.5 t/ha.

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Bangladesh Agriculture: A Review of Modern Practices and Proposal of a Sustainable Method

Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.3390/asec2021-11190 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Nazifa Tabassum ◽

Fatema Rezwana

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Labour Force ◽

Soil Health ◽

Farming Systems ◽

General View ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Cultivated Land ◽

Land Area ◽

Secondary Information

Agriculture is the largest economic and employment sector in Bangladesh, accounting for 23 percent of its gross domestic product and 65 percent of its labour force. It has a total land area of 14,570 km2, with cultivated land accounting for 60% of the total land area. The population is still growing at a 1.37 percent annual rate, but cultivated land is shrinking at the same time. The agricultural land is being converted as a result of uncontrolled urbanization, industrialization, and an increase in human activity. Modern sustainable agricultural methods approach to agricultural innovations and farming practices that increase farmers’ efficiency and reduce the use of natural resources. This study uses secondary information to provide a general view on modern practices used in Bangladesh for sustainable agriculture (i.e., crop diversification, change in cropping pattern and rotations, integrated farming systems, etc.) and suggests a sustainable method (polyculture and crop rotation) based on SWOT and PESTEL analysis. This paper recommends that Bangladesh should adopt polyculture and crop rotation more to improve soil health and for higher crop resistance to plant pests that will hedge against a loss in agricultural sustainability.

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Economic analysis of organic cropping systems under different tillage intensities and crop rotations

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1017/s1742170521000120 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Buwani Dayananda ◽

Myriam R. Fernandez ◽

Prabhath Lokuruge ◽

Robert P. Zentner ◽

Michael P. Schellenberg

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Green Manure ◽

Crop Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Price Premiums ◽

Profitability Analysis ◽

The Impact ◽

Rotation Sequence

Abstract Costs of production and organic price premiums are defining factors influencing the economic viability of organic crop production systems. Different agronomic practices, such as crop rotation and tillage intensity, are known to affect the economic performance of the production systems. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of two crop rotation sequences (simplified and diversified) and two levels of tillage intensity (high and low) on the cost of production, gross return and gross margin of crops when grown under organic management in the semi-arid Brown soil zone of the Canadian Prairies. The 2-year simplified rotation sequence consisted of forage pea (Pisum sativum L.) grown as a green manure followed by hard red spring wheat (HRSW) (Triticum aestivum L.), while the 4-year diversified rotation sequence was forage pea green manure followed by flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) or yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.), field pea or lentil (Lens culinaris L.) and HRSW. Our hypothesis that a more diversified crop rotation would increase profitability over a traditional simplified crop rotation was supported by the findings. However, the findings did not support our hypothesis that reducing tillage intensity, and the combination of tillage reduction and diversified crop rotation through a synergetic response, would further enhance profitability. Analysis of the breakeven prices and breakeven yields for crops indicated the importance of adopting diversified crop rotations and choosing crops with high organic price premiums as means to maximize the long-term profitability of organic cropping systems.

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Sustainable agriculture: Trends and opportunities for 21st Century

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v11i3.2156 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 666-672 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Reeba Sharma ◽

Aravind T ◽

Roopali Sharma

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Agriculture ◽

Crop Production ◽

Green Revolution ◽

Soil Health ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Future Generation ◽

Agriculture Sector ◽

Farming Community ◽

1960S And 1970S ◽

The 1960S

The green revolution has been a major boost to the agriculture sector throughout the world including India. The food production of the country increased by many fold during the 1960s and 1970s and has continued to increase since then. But, the boom of green revolution could not last long as we witnessed stagnation in the productivity of our farm lands along with soil and crop health degradation. This forced the scientific and farming community to look for efficient and ecologically safe farming systems which led to the evolution of the concept of ‘sustainable agriculture’. Sustainable agriculture is a holistic concept of agriculture which helps in meeting the needs of the present generation without affecting the future generation. It helps in maintaining optimum crop production along with maintaining soil health, conservation of natural resources and preserving ecological balance and biodiversity in agroecosystems. This review aims to create a paradigm for future studies on new and innovative techniques for sustainable crop production.

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