scholarly journals Evaluation of nuts morphology and composition of fatty acids in certain Iranian Pistacia vera L. (Anacardiaceae) cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mojdeh MAHDAVI ◽  
Fariba SHARIFNIA ◽  
Fahimeh SALIMPOUR ◽  
Akbar ESMAEILI ◽  
Mohaddeseh LARYPOOR
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Press Method ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Palmitic Acids

<p>Fruits of various Pistachio (<em>Pistacia vera</em> L.) cultivars are widely used in food industries for its inimitable color, taste and nutrient value.<strong> </strong>We elevated fruit morphology and kernel fatty acids composition of eleven Iranian cultivars of pistachio. Oils of kernels were extracted using cold press method, and composition of the oil fatty acids in the methyl ester form was detected using gas chromatography (GC). For morphological study, nine qualitative and quantitative traits were evaluated. The quantitative ones widely differed among the studied cultivars, and ANOVA test revealed the significant variations (<em>p</em> = 0.00) for all of them. Moreover, the qualitative traits varied among the cultivars. We characterized 11 fatty acid components representing about 99.56 to 100 % of the total oil composition. The principal fatty acids for all the cultivars were: oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids, while their amounts differed among the cultivars. In this regard, unsaturated fatty acids comprised the major oil part, 87.46 to 88.89 %. Oleic acid (53.11-70.99 %) and palmitic acid (9.09 to 10.55 %) were detected as the unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in all the evaluated cultivars. The quality index of oils were determined according to oleic/ linoleic acids ratio, which highly varied among the cultivars. According to UPGMA tree and PCO plot, we divided the investigated cultivars into four chemotypes, and each of them was characterized by the certain oil composition.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the production and quality of oil in Jatropha curcas L. under the dry and warm climate conditions of Colombia

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Montenegro R. ◽  
Stanislav Magnitskiy ◽  
Martha C. Henao T.
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Oil Composition

This study was conducted to assess fruit and seed yield, oil content and oil composition of Jatropha curcas fertilized with different doses of nitrogen and potassium in Espinal (Tolima, Colombia). The yields ranged from 4,570 to 8,800 kg ha-1 of fruits and from 2,430 to 4,746 kg ha-1 of seeds. These yields showed that the fertilizer dose of 150 kg ha-1 N + 120 kg ha-1K increased fruit production by 92% and seed production by 95%, which represents an increase of about 100% in oil production, which increased from 947 to 1,900 kg ha-1. The total oil content in the seeds ranged from 38.7 to 40.1% (w/w) with a high content of the unsaturated fatty acids oleic (> 47%) and linoleic acid (> 29%). The highest content of oleic acid in the seed oil was from the unfertilized control plants and plants with an application of 100 kg ha-1 of N and 60 kg ha-1 of K, with an average of 48%. The lowest content of oleic acid was registered when a low dose of nitrogen and a high level of potassium were applied at a ratio of 1:2.4 and doses of 50 kg ha-1 N + 120 kg ha-1 K, respectively. Low contents of the saturated fatty acids palmitic (13.4%) and stearic (7.26%) were obtained, making this oil suitable for biodiesel production. The nitrogen was a more important nutrient for the production and quality of oil in J. curcas than potassium under the studied conditions of soil and climate.

scholarly journals Transcriptomics of developing wild sunflower seeds from the extreme ends of a latitudinal gradient differing in seed oil composition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Henry Barnhart ◽  
Edward V McAssey ◽  
Emily Dittmar ◽  
John M. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Seed Oil Composition

Seed oil composition, an important agronomic trait in cultivated sunflower, varies latitudinally across the native range of its wild progenitor. This pattern is thought to be driven by selection for a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids in southern populations compared to northern populations, likely due to the different temperatures experienced during seed germination. To investigate whether these differences in fatty acid composition between northern and southern populations correspond to transcriptional variation in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, we sequenced RNA from developing seeds of sunflowers from Texas, USA and Saskatchewan, Canada (the extreme ends of sunflower's latitudinal range) grown in a common garden. Over 4,000 genes were found to be differentially expressed between Texas and Canada, including several genes involved in lipid metabolism. Many differentially expressed oil metabolism genes colocalized with known oil QTL. The genes producing stearoyl-ACP-desaturases (SAD) were of particular interest because of their known role in the conversion of fully saturated into unsaturated fatty acids. Two SAD genes were more highly expressed in seeds from Canadian populations, consistent with the observation of increased levels of unsaturated fatty acids in seeds from that region. We also constructed a gene co-expression network to investigate regional variation in network modules. The results of this analysis revealed regional differentiation for eight of twelve modules, but no clear relationship with oil biosynthesis. Overall, the differential expression of SAD genes offers a partial explanation for the observed differences in seed oil composition between Texas and Canada, while the expression patterns of other metabolic genes suggest complex regulation of fatty acid production and usage across latitudes.

On the specificity of cytidine diphosphate diglycerides in monophosphoinositide biosynthesis by rat brain preparations

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Bishop ◽  
K. P. Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Cytidine Diphosphate ◽  
Palmitic Acids

Some properties of the enzyme cytidine diphosphate diglyceride : inositol transferase which catalyzes the reaction[Formula: see text]have been studied with various preparations from rat brain. The enzyme was found to be primarily located in the microsomal fraction (either the 12 000 × g supernatant or the 90 000 × g pellet). Optimal conditions were established for pH and concentrations of each of the reactants and Mn2+ ion. A number of cytidine diphosphate diglycerides with different fatty acids in the 1- and 2-positions were synthesized chemically and used as substrates for the above reaction. The substrates included those with the following distribution of fatty acids: 1,2-dipalmitoyl; 1,2-distearoyl; 1-palmitoyl,2-oleoyl; 1-stearoyl,2-oleoyl; 1-oleoyl,2-stearoyl and 1,2-dioleoyl. It was observed that those substrates with oleic at the 2-position were more readily utilized than those containing palmitic or stearic acids at the 2-position or at both the 1- and 2-positions. This selectivity for cytidine diphosphate diglyceride with an unsaturated fatty acid at the 2-position was consistent with the pattern of fatty acid distribution found for isolated rat brain monophosphoinositide. In the latter, saturated fatty acids (stearic and palmitic acids) were predominantly located at the 1-position and unsaturated fatty acids (20:4, arachidonic acid) were predominantly located in the 2-position.

scholarly journals Oil Characterization and Lipids Class Composition of Pomegranate Seeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Amri ◽  
Houda Lazreg-Aref ◽  
Manel Mekni ◽  
Sinda El-Gharbi ◽  
Olfa Dabbaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Class Composition ◽  
Phenolics Content ◽  
Pomegranate Seeds

This study aims to investigate the physicochemical characteristics, phenolics content, and oil composition of pomegranate oil seeds (PSO). Quality indices, pigments, phenolics content, and antioxidant activity were determined. PSO was fractioned into polar lipids: glycolipids (GL) and phospholipids (PL). Sterols profile and fatty acids composition of total lipids (TL), GL, and PL were determined by GC/FID. The free acidity, the peroxide value, and the specific extinction coefficients were, respectively, 1.69%, 3.42 in milliequivalents of active oxygen per kilogram of oil, 4.15, and 3.95. PSO is rich in phenols (93.42 mg/Kg) but poor in pigments. The sterols markers were β-sitosterol (77.94%), Δ5-avenasterol (7.45%), and campesterol (6.35%). Oil content was 12.2%, wherein 23.9% were GL and 24.35% were PL. TL were rich in unsaturated fatty acids (63.17%), while saturated fatty acids were more present in PL and GL (71.97% and 66.29%, resp.). Conjugated fatty acids were about 13.30%, 2.03%, and 4.91%, respectively, in TL, PL, and GL. The cis/trans ratio of TL, PL, and GL was, respectively, 49.82%, 42.91%, and 27.39%. Monounsaturated fatty acids were more bound in PL, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids were more bound in GL. PSO is a good source of essential fatty acids, phenolics compounds, phytosterols, and lipid-soluble fractions.

scholarly journals Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L. subsp. macranthus Wettst.: Nutritional Characterization

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Silva ◽  
Ângela Fernandes ◽  
Pablo A. García ◽  
Lillian Barros ◽  
Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Excellent Source ◽  
Palmitic Acids

The habit of eating wild plants in Europe is often associated with times of famine; an example of such is the nectar of Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L., a parasitic plant. To the authors’ best knowledge, there are no studies on its nutritional and chemical composition; thus, the whole C. hypocistis (L.) L. subsp. macranthus Wettst. plant (CH) and its nectar (NCH) were nutritionally and chemically characterized. The proximate composition of CH and NCH were very similar in terms of energy, ash, and carbohydrate content. Protein and fat were approximately 2-fold higher in NCH, and crude fiber was 4.6-fold higher in CH compared to NCH. Fructose, glucose, sucrose, and trehalose were the free sugars present in both samples. Oxalic, malic, and citric acids were the identified organic acids in both samples, with citric acid as the most abundant molecule. For both samples, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids (PUFA and SFA, respectively) predominate over monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) due to the significant contribution of linoleic and palmitic acids, respectively. However, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) prevail over SFA in CH and NCH. Therefore, CH proved to be an excellent source of nutritional compounds, which supports its use during past periods of scarcity.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF AVITAMINOSIS F

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
A. Levitsky ◽  
A. Lapinska ◽  
I. Selivanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

The article analyzes the role of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3 series in humans and animals. The biosynthesis of essential PUFA in humans and animals is very limited, so they must be consumed with food (feed). Тhe ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA is very important. Biomembranes of animal cells contain about 30% PUFA with a ratio of ω-6/ ω-3 1-2. As this ratio increases, the physicochemical properties of biomembranes and the functional activity of their receptors change. The regulatory function of essential PUFA is that in the body under the action of oxygenase enzymes (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) are formed extremely active hormone-like substances (eicosanoids and docosanoids), which affect a number of physiological processes: inflammation, immunity, metabolism. Moreover, ω-6 PUFA form eicosanoids, which have pro-inflammatory, immunosuppressive properties, and ω-3 PUFAs form eicosanoids and docosanoids, which have anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties. Deficiency of essential PUFA, and especially ω-3 PUFA, leads to impaired development of the body and its state of health, which are manifestations of avitaminosis F. Prevention and treatment of avitaminosis F is carried out with drugs that contain PUFA. To create new, more effective vitamin F preparations, it is necessary to reproduce the model of vitamin F deficiency. An experimental model of vitamin F deficiency in white rats kept on a fat –free diet with the addition of coconut oil, which is almost completely free of unsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids make up almost 99 % of all fatty acids was developed. The total content of ω-6 PUFA (sum of linoleic and arachidonic acids), the content of ω-3 PUFA (α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) in neutral lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol esters) defined. Тhe content of ω-6 PUFA under the influence of coconut oil decreased by 3.3 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 7.5 times. Тhe influence of coconut oil, the content of ω-6 PUFA decreased by 2.1 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 2.8 times. The most strongly reduces the content of ω-3 PUFA, namely eicosapentaenoic, coconut oil, starting from 5 %. Consumption of FFD with a content of 15 % coconut oil reduces the content of eicosapentaenoic acid to zero, ie we have an absolute deficiency of one of the most important essential PUFAs, which determined the presence of vitamin F deficiency.

EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Siwitri Kadarsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords : 

Differential Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Body Composition and Adiposity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Emamat ◽  
Zahra Yari ◽  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Total Body

Recent evidence has highlighted that fat accumulation, particularly abdominal fat distribution, is strongly associated with metabolic disturbance. It is also well-recognized that the metabolic responses to variations in macronutrients intake can affect body composition. Previous studies suggest that the quality of dietary fats can be considered as the main determinant of body-fat deposition, fat distribution, and body composition without altering the total body weight; however, the effects of dietary fats on body composition have controversial results. There is substantial evidence to suggest that saturated fatty acids are more obesogen than unsaturated fatty acids, and with the exception of some isomers like conjugate linoleic acid, most dietary trans fatty acids are adiposity enhancers, but there is no consensus on it yet. On the other hand, there is little evidence to indicate that higher intake of the n-3 and the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be beneficial in attenuating adiposity, and the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids on body composition is contradictory. Accordingly, the content of this review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the potential effects of the different types of dietary fatty acids on body composition and adiposity. It also refers to the putative mechanisms underlying this association and reflects on the controversy of this topic.

scholarly journals Explore the gene network regulating the composition of fatty acids in cottonseed

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Ma ◽  
Xinqi Cheng ◽  
Chuan Wang ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Fei Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Expression Characteristics

Abstract Background Cottonseed is one of the major sources of vegetable oil. Analysis of the dynamic changes of fatty acid components and the genes regulating the composition of fatty acids of cottonseed oil is of great significance for understanding the biological processes underlying biosynthesis of fatty acids and for genetic improving the oil nutritional qualities. Results In this study, we investigated the dynamic relationship of 13 fatty acid components at 12 developmental time points of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and generated cottonseed transcriptome of the 12 time points. At 5–15 day post anthesis (DPA), the contents of polyunsaturated linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and saturated stearic acid (C18:0) were higher, while linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) was mainly synthesized after 15 DPA. Using 5 DPA as a reference, 15,647 non-redundant differentially expressed genes were identified in 10–60 DPA cottonseed. Co-expression gene network analysis identified six modules containing 3275 genes significantly associated with middle-late seed developmental stages and enriched with genes related to the linoleic acid metabolic pathway and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Genes (Gh_D03G0588 and Gh_A02G1788) encoding stearoyl-ACP desaturase were identified as hub genes and significantly up-regulated at 25 DPA. They seemed to play a decisive role in determining the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids. FAD2 genes (Gh_A13G1850 and Gh_D13G2238) were highly expressed at 25–50 DPA, eventually leading to the high content of C18:2n-6 in cottonseed. The content of C18:3n-3 was significantly decreased from 5 DPA (7.44%) to 25 DPA (0.11%) and correlated with the expression characteristics of Gh_A09G0848 and Gh_D09G0870. Conclusions These results contribute to our understanding on the relationship between the accumulation pattern of fatty acid components and the expression characteristics of key genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis during the entire period of cottonseed development.

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