scholarly journals Evaluation of biochemical treatments applied in polluted soils irrigated with low quality water for long periods of time through the CO2 efflux

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mohamed SABER ◽  
Alaa M ZAGHLOUL
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Ecosystem ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Quality Water

<p class="042abstractstekst"><span lang="EN-US">To sightsee the bearings of the certain remediation amendments, usually applied in the bioremediation of soils irrigated with low quality water for extended periods on the indigenous microbial population, a greenhouse experiment was conducted at National Research Centre (NRC) where the soil ecosystem was supplied with varied mineral remediation amendments and the carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) refluxes were followed up. In this study, microbial activity through CO<sub>2</sub> efflux was taken as an indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of eight soil amendments in minimizing the hazards of inorganic pollutants in soil ecosystem irrigated with low quality water s for more than 40 years. Results showed that Ni and Zn were the most dominant contaminants that adversely influenced indigenous microbial activities in untreated soil, while Cu was the most persuasive. All trailed remediation amendments significantly minimized the hazards of inorganic pollutants in treated soil ecosystems. In addition, modified bentonite (Probentonite) was the best persuasive one. Mechanisms take place between trailed remediation amendments and inorganic pollutants in the studied soil ecosystems were discussed. In conclusion application of certain raw or modified clay minerals especially Probentonite could be a good tool in decreasing the rate of the studied inorganic pollutants in a contaminated soil ecosystem irrigated with low quality water for extended periods. </span></p>

scholarly journals Effect of contamination sources on the rate of zinc, copper and nickel release from various soil ecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham Mansour ◽  
Fikry Awad ◽  
Mohamed Saber ◽  
Alaa Zaghloul
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Potential Toxic Elements ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Nickel Release ◽  
Type Of Land Use ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Agriculture Irrigation

Abstract Background and objective Soil is a substantive component in biosphere habitually endangered to superfluity contaminants particularly potential toxic elements (PTEs). The source of soil contaminants is very critical in controlling both their release and expected hazards in the different soil ecosystems. This study aims to investigate the effect of low-quality irrigation water (LQW) on the extent of soil pollution through desorption of zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) from different polluted soils, collected from LQW irrigated farms for more than 40–80 years at Giza and Kafr-Elsheikh Governorates, Egypt. Results Models incorporated modified Freundlich (MFE), Elovich, first order and parabolic diffusion (PDE) showed significant results in describing the kinetic data under Egyptian conditions. Results entailed that according to the coefficient of determination (R2) and standard error, all used models well described the desorption of Cu, Ni and Zn, the most prevalent contaminants in the trailed soil ecosystems; for example, the R2 values were higher than 0.96** for zinc desorption using MFE model. As far as the PTEs levels are considered, the highest contaminant desorption rates were recorded at Kafr-Elsheikh site, followed by Kombora, and the lowest ones were in Abo Rawash soil ecosystem. The succession of more than one model to describe the kinetic perspective confirmed that the different mechanisms take place in PTEs sorption, distribution and subsequently release from different soil ecosystems. Conclusions The numerical values indicated that the soil ecosystems contaminated with industrial effluents were higher than those irrigated with sewage effluents regardless of the type of land use. More attention should be paid to low-quality water application in agriculture irrigation and its environmental risks.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Environmental Applicability of Vermicompost: From Wastewater Treatment to the Development of Sensitive Analytical Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madson de Godoi Pereira ◽  
Lourdes Cardoso de Souza Neta ◽  
Maurício Paulo Ferreira Fontes ◽  
Adriana Nascimento Souza ◽  
Thaionara Carvalho Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Pollutant Degradation ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Costs

The use of vermicompost (humified material) for treating wastewaters, remediating polluted soils, improving agricultural productivity, protecting crop production, and developing sensitive analytical methods is reviewed here, covering the past 17 years. The main advantages of vermicompost, considering all applications covered in this paper, comprise (i) easy acquisition, (ii) low costs, (iii) structural, chemical, and biological characteristics responsible for exceptional adsorptive capacities as well as pollutant degradation, and (iv) the promotion of biocontrol. Specifically, for wastewater decontamination, a considerable number of works have verified the adsorption of toxic metals, but the application of vermicompost is still scarce for the retention of organic compounds. Problems related to the final disposal of enriched vermicompost (after treatment steps) are often found, in spite of some successful destinations such as organic fertilizer. For decontaminating soils, the use of vermicompost is quite scarce, mainly for inorganic pollutants. In agricultural productivity and biocontrol, vermicompost imparts remarkable benefits regarding soil aggregation, plant nutrition, and the development of beneficial microorganisms against phytopathogens. Finally, the use of vermicompost in sensitive analytical methods for quantifying toxic metals is the newest application of this adsorbent.

scholarly journals To Determine the Accuracy of Frozen Section in the Management of Ovarian Tumours

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 793-797
Author(s):  
Sarmishta Murugesan ◽  
Alka Natrat Nadar
Keyword(s):  
Frozen Section ◽  
Paraffin Section ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Ovarian Tumours ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Histopathological Report

BACKGROUND Frozen section done during surgery provides a valuable tool in the diagnosis and classification of tumours into benign, borderline and malignant. In this study, we evaluated the intraoperative findings and the accuracy of the frozen section and compared it with the final histopathology report. METHODS A retrospective study was done in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Sri Ramachandra University and Research Centre from January 2017 to January 2020, for a period of 3 years and data was taken from the patients who underwent surgery-staging laparotomy for ovarian masses along with frozen section in the diagnosis of their tumor. The final histopathology report is the gold standard for detection of ovarian tumours. The accuracy of the frozen section was compared with the final histopathological report on paraffin section. RESULTS There was a total of 109 cases during the study period of 3 years. Out of the total, frozen section showed 55 malignancy cases, 7 cases were borderline, and 47 cases were benign tumors; whereas the final histopathology report showed 51 malignant cases, 9 borderline cases, and 49 cases were benign tumors. This shows that frozen section has almost 97 % accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Frozen section is a very good tool in the diagnosis of tumour whether benign, borderline or malignant and when compared with the final histopathological report gives good accuracy. The diagnosis given during surgery is helpful in the further management of patients according to the stage of the tumour. KEY WORDS Frozen Section, Benign, Borderline, Malignant tumours, Final Histopathological Report

scholarly journals Influence of Spent Engine Oil Pollution and Organic Amendment on Soil Physicochemical Properties, Microbial Population and Growth of Capsicum annuum (L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
M. O. Nwachukwu ◽  
J. N. Azorji ◽  
L. A. Adjero ◽  
M. C. Green ◽  
C. E. Igwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Spent Engine Oil ◽  
Number Of Leaves

This study investigated the impacts of spent engine oil on the physicochemical properties of soil, soil's microbial population and growth of Capsicum annuum. It covered assessment of different levels of contamination (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80%) in soil; which represents the degree of oil spillage concentration on the growth performance of C. annuum investigated. Percentage germination, seedling height, number of leaves and number of branches decreased as the concentrations of the spent engine oil in soil samples increased and affected soil physicochemical properties. The screening experiment conducted showed that poultry manure improved the physicochemical properties of sandy loam soils contaminated engine oil. The effects of poultry manure as an organic amendment was assessed using pepper (C. annuum) as test crop. All amendment made significant increase in soil organic carbon and calcium content over the polluted soils. Soil acidity increased, soil exchangeable ions decreased. N, P and K were altered in the polluted soils as compared to the controls. There were increased bacterial counts (2.21 – 2.85) and a decrease in fungi population (0.48 - 0.59) in the spent engine oil-contaminated soils compared with the control. The oil reduced germination percentage, depressed growth, reduction in leaf number and plant height of the C. annuum. Therefore the spent engine oil clearly had detrimental effects on soil's physicochemical and biological properties. The oil contributed largely to the extreme acidic nature of the polluted soils. However, maximum increase in plant height, germination percentage, number of leaves and branches were recorded with amendment of the polluted soils with poultry manure. Results show the considerable potential of remediation protocols with poultry manure as a remediating agent for oil spill remediation in the soil samples.

Lipid distribution in a subtropical southern China stalagmite as a record of soil ecosystem response to paleoclimate change

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shucheng Xie ◽  
Yi Yi ◽  
Junhua Huang ◽  
Chaoyong Hu ◽  
Yanjun Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Temperature Record ◽  
Ecosystem Response ◽  
Soil Ecosystem ◽  
Vegetation Shifts ◽  
Soil Ecosystems

AbstractLipid extracts from a 61.7-cm-long subtropical stalagmite in southern China, spanning the period of ca. 10,000–21,000 yr ago as constrained by U–Th dating, were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The higher plants and microorganisms in the overlying soils contribute a proportion of n-alkanes identified in the stalagmite. The occurrence of LMW (lower molecular weight) n-alkanols and n-alkan-2-ones in the stalagmite was mainly related to the soil microorganisms. We suggest that HMW (higher molecular weight) n-alkanols and n-alkan-2-ones identified in the stalagmite originate from soil organics and reflect input from contemporary vegetation. Shifts in the ratio of LMW to HMW n-alkanols or n-alkan-2-ones indicative of the variation of soil ecosystems (e.g., microbial degradation of organic matter and/or the relative abundance of soil microorganisms to higher plants) are comparable with the subtropical alkenone-SST (sea surface temperature) record of the same period. The similar trends seen in the δ13C data and the lipid parameters in this stalagmite imply that the overlying soil ecosystem response to climate might be responsible for the variation of δ13C values.

scholarly journals Microbiological analysis of technozems of the Abagura agglomeration and concentration factory tailings dump

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-275
Author(s):  
A. S. Vodoleev ◽  
M. A. Zakharova ◽  
O. S. Andreeva ◽  
Yu. V. Tarasova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Substance ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Biological Contamination ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Heterotrophic Microorganisms ◽  
Trophic Strategy ◽  
Stimulation Of

Microorganisms participate in the processes of restoration of contaminated soil ecosystems. Analysis of the processes is important for the biomonitoring of reclaimed territories and can improve the accuracy of forecasts of detoxification processes of the formed technozems. In the process of study of the microbiological state of the technozems of the Abagur agglomeration and concentration plant tailings dump, Novokuznetsk, changes in the group and species composition of soil aerobic heterotrophic microorganisms were studied and a quantitative assessment of the saprotrophic microflora content was presented. A microbiological analysis of the original sewage sludge (WWS) shows their initially high biological contamination by a wide taxonomic spectrum of microorganisms. It was shown, that the use of WWS for the enrichment of iron ore wastes by an organic substance contributes to the microbiological saturation of the latter at the level of ecological trophic diversity. The overall level of microbial population increases sharply compared with the control man-caused option, regardless of the way the WWS placing and its “quality”. At that, the WWS material neutralized by quicklime is most available to microorganisms, as evidenced by stimulation of the growth of representatives of various taxonomic affiliations and a high mineralization coefficient of the organic substance of the used ameliorant. The control man-caused substrate - soil mixture without organic additives is characterized by weak microbiological contamination. A microbiological analysis shows that small amounts of ammonifying microorganisms of various taxonomic affiliations, as well as bacteria and proactinomycetes with a trophic strategy for utilization of mineral forms of nitrogen, can be found in small amounts on the surface of the tailings dump. Biological testing of microbiological samples showed that in rehabilitated ecosystems with WWS during the microbiological mineralization of organic substance by active pathogens, actinomycetes and fungi participate in the destruction of protein compounds along with bacteria.

scholarly journals The effect of metribuzin on the density of proteolytic microorganisms and proteolytic activity in different types of soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Santric ◽  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽  
Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic ◽  
Rada Djurovic-Pejcev
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil texture and other physical and chemical characteristics of soil are important factors influencing the retention of herbicides in soil ecosystems. A laboratory experiment was conducted to estimate the response of proteolytic microorganisms to applications of metribuzin in different types of soil (loamy and sandy) in terms of density and protease activity. The following concentrations were tested: 12.0, 24.0, 120.0 and 1200.0 mg a.i.kg-1 soil. Samples were collected 7,14 and 30 days after treatment with metribuzin. Metribuzin did not affect the number of proteolytic microorganisms in loamy soil. In sandy soil, their number was reduced 26.7% by the highest concentration 7 days after application. Protease activity was reduced in both types of soil on the 7th and 14th day and the percentage of reduction was 21% for loamy soil and 29.9% for sandy soil. Statistical analysis of data showed that the correlation between test parameters was positive in both types of soil (r2=1 for loamy soil, and r2=0.81 for sandy soil). The study shows that metribuzin causes a passable impact on microbial population and enzymatic activity which depends on the type of soil.

scholarly journals Organic farming as the basis for the long-term health of the soil ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (52) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Semenov ◽  
Dragutin Đukić ◽  
Leka Mandić ◽  
Vesna Đurović ◽  
Alexey Glinushkin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Soil Ecosystem ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Definition Of

This study compares and discusses two farming systems that differ in content - organic and conventional (intensive) systems. In this regard, a modern definition of soil content is proposed, with the "soil ecosystem" concept used as the modern alternative to the traditional representation of what the soil is. Some features of the functioning of soil ecosystems in the two different farming systems, conventional and organic, are examined. The inner essence and the external performance of these two alternative land-use systems are revealed. The importance of the development of organic agriculture is emphasized by the documents of international organizations (IFOAM). The tasks that need to be addressed during the transition to a knowledge-intensive system of production of environmentally friendly agricultural products under organic farming conditions are briefly listed. The focus is on those aspects that are important in the transition from intensive to organic farming. The need to introduce a new characteristic of soil ecosystems - soil health - is discussed. A modern definition of "soil health" is given. The positive impact of organic farming and its technologies on soil health is discussed. The list of actions for the continuous maintenance and reproduction of soil health is presented. Much attention is paid to soil health maintenance, remediation and rehabilitation. The problems of protecting plants and crops from harmful organisms in organic farming are discussed. The phenomenon "oligotrophication of agro ecosystems" as an unconventional way of healing and maintaining the health of soil ecosystems is considered and discussed. The thesis about the necessity to consider soil quality and fertility as components of the new characteristic - "soil health" - is proposed.

scholarly journals Soil CO2 efflux in central Amazonia: environmental and methodological effects

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício B. Zanchi ◽  
Maarten J. Waterloo ◽  
Bart Kruijt ◽  
Jürgen Kesselmeier ◽  
Flávio J. Luizão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission ◽  
Heath Forest ◽  
Total Average

Soil respiration plays a significant role in the carbon cycle of Amazonian rainforests. Measurements of soil respiration have only been carried out in few places in the Amazon. This study investigated the effects of the method of ring insertion in the soil as well as of rainfall and spatial distribution on CO2 emission in the central Amazon region. The ring insertion effect increased the soil emission about 13-20% for sandy and loamy soils during the firsts 4-7 hours, respectively. After rainfall events below 2 mm, the soil respiration did not change, but for rainfall greater than 3 mm, after 2 hours there was a decrease in soil temperature and respiration of about 10-34% for the loamy and sand soils, with emissions returning to normal after around 15-18 hours. The size of the measurement areas and the spatial distribution of soil respiration were better estimated using the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data. The Campina reserve is a mosaic of bare soil, stunted heath forest-SHF and tall heath forest-THF. The estimated total average CO2 emissions from the area was 3.08±0.8 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1. The Cuieiras reserve is another mosaic of plateau, slope, Campinarana and riparian forests and the total average emission from the area was 3.82±0.76 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1. We also found that the main control factor of the soil respiration was soil temperature, with 90% explained by regression analysis. Automated soil respiration datasets are a good tool to improve the technique and increase the reliability of measurements to allow a better understanding of all possible factors driven by soil respiration processes.

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