Corrigendum: The Correlation between Maternal Ante- and Postpartum Depression and Mode of Delivery: Preliminary Study

Abstract Background Postpartum depression is one of the most commonly experienced psychological disorders for women after childbirth, usually occurring within one year. This study aimed to clarify whether women with painless delivery, including epidural analgesia, spinal-epidural analgesia, and paracervical block, had a decreased risk of postpartum depression after giving birth in Japan. Methods The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) was a prospective cohort study that enrolled registered fetal records (n = 104,065) in 15 regions nationwide in Japan. Binomial logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the adjusted odd ratios (aORs) for the association between mode of delivery with or without analgesia and postpartum depression at one-, six- and twelve-months after childbirth. Results At six months after childbirth, painless vaginal delivery was associated with a higher risk of postpartum depression (aOR: 1.218, 95% confidence interval: 1.067–1.391), compared with vaginal delivery without analgesia or cesarean section. Nevertheless, the risk disappeared one year after delivery. Among the pregnant women who requested painless delivery, 5.1% had a positive Kessler-6 scale (K6) score for depression before the first trimester (p < 0.0001), which was significantly higher than the proportions in the vaginal delivery without analgesia (3.5%) and cesarean delivery (3.5%) groups. Conclusions Our data suggested that the risk of postpartum depression at six months after childbirth tended to be increased after painless vaginal delivery, compared with vaginal delivery without analgesia or cesarean section. Requests for painless delivery continue to be relatively uncommon in Japan, and women who make such requests might be more likely to experience postpartum depressive symptoms because of underlying personality characteristics, including a tendency to worry.

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Association between mode of delivery and postpartum depression: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0004867420954284 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 000486742095428

Author(s):

Lei Sun ◽

Su Wang ◽

Xi-Qian Li

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery ◽

Emergency Cesarean Section ◽

Emergency Cesarean

Background: Postpartum depression is one of the most common postpartum diseases, which has an important impact on the interaction between mother, infant, partner and family, as well as the long-term emotional and cognitive development of infants. However, there are still great disagreements on whether the delivery mode will affect the risk of postpartum depression. The purpose of this study is to explore whether the mode of delivery will affect the risk of postpartum depression through the comprehensive network meta-analysis of elective cesarean section, emergency cesarean section, instrumental vaginal delivery and spontaneous vaginal delivery. Methods: We searched in three electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. Results: This paper included 43 studies with a total sample size of 1,827,456 participants. Direct meta-analysis showed that the odds ratio of postpartum depression risk was 1.33 (95% confidence interval = [1.21, 1.46]) between cesarean section and vaginal delivery. The odds ratios of high Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale score between cesarean section and vaginal delivery in the three postpartum periods (within 2 weeks, within half a year and over half a year) were basically the same. There was no difference between cesarean section and vaginal delivery in the risk of severe postpartum depression at the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale cut-off point ⩾13 (odds ratio = 1.07; 95% confidence interval = [0.99, 1.16]). Network meta-analysis showed that the risk of postpartum depression in the pairwise comparisons emergency cesarean section vs spontaneous vaginal delivery and elective cesarean section vs spontaneous vaginal delivery was odds ratio = 1.53 (95% confidence interval = [1.22, 1.91]) and 1.47 (95% confidence interval = [1.16, 1.86]). Conclusion: The mode of delivery has a significant effect on the occurrence of mild postpartum depression. Women who give birth by cesarean section, especially who give birth by emergency cesarean section, are at a higher risk of mild postpartum depression. We should carefully monitor the progress of postpartum mental disorders in women who delivered by cesarean section and make it possible for women to have a quick access to mental healthcare.

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Determination of the Prevalence of Postpartum Depression and Risk Factors Among Postpartum Patients at a Tertiary Government Urban Hospital Using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale-Filipino Translation (EPDS-F): A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34244/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Carmina Lorenzana Santiago ◽

Maria Antonia Esteban Habana

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Postnatal Depression ◽

Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Postpartum depression (PPD) occurs in 10-15% of deliveries worldwide. Unfortunately there is a dearth of local studies on its exact prevalence. Method This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for PPD among postpartum patients at a tertiary government hospital using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale-Filipino Translation (EPDS-F), a 10-point questionnaire translated into Filipino and previously validated. Four hundred patients within 8 weeks postpartum were recruited and their EPDS-F scores and sociodemographic, medical and personal history, and delivery and perinatal outcome data were obtained. Results The overall prevalence of PPD was 14.5%, which is within the known worldwide prevalence. Among those that had family incomes below PhP10,000, the proportion that had high EPDS-F scores was 68.8%, while those that had low EPDS-F scores was 48.8% (significant at p=0.001). Among those that finished below tertiary education, the proportion that had high EPDS-F scores was 81%, while those that had low EPDS-F scores was 59.9% (significant at p=0.002). Among those who delivered vaginally, 62.1% had high EPDS-F scores vs 44.2% low EPDS-F (p=0.03). Of those that had epidural anesthesia (106 or 26.5%), 44.8% had high EPDS scores and 26.0% had low EPDS-F scores (p=0.04). Regression analysis showed that having an abdominal delivery is correlated with a lower EPDS-F score by 0.87% by logistic regression and 0.46 % by probit regression. Having a higher educational attainment and monthly income are associated with a lower EPDS-F score by regression analysis. Conclusions The prevalence may be skewed because a tertiary government institution caters to delicate pregnancies and those in low socioeconomic brackets. It may be worthwhile to compare responses from a public versus a private institution, also urban versus rural areas. It would be interesting also to evaluate the mode of delivery variable and how exactly it correlates with the development of postpartum depression.

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Association between mode of delivery and postpartum depression: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS): a prospective cohort study

Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.2188/jea.je20210117 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sachiko Baba ◽

Satoyo Ikehara ◽

Ehab S Eshak ◽

Kimiko Ueda ◽

Tadashi Kimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Mode Of Delivery

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Effect of mode of delivery on postpartum depression in Iranian women

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research ◽

10.1111/jog.12150 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 172-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Zohreh Sadat ◽

Mahboobeh Kafaei Atrian ◽

Negin Masoudi Alavi ◽

Fatemeh Abbaszadeh ◽

Zahra Karimian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Iranian Women

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Postpartum Depression: Is Mode of Delivery a Risk Factor?

ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.5402/2012/616759 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Asli Goker ◽

Emre Yanikkerem ◽

M. Murat Demet ◽

Serife Dikayak ◽

Yasemin Yildirim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Family Type ◽

Elective Cesarean Section ◽

Emergency Cesarean ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of

There are various factors related to postpartum depression. In this study we have aimed to determine the effect of mode of delivery on the risk of postpartum depression. A total of 318 women who applied for delivery were included in the study. Previously diagnosed fetal anomalies, preterm deliveries, stillbirths, and patients with need of intensive care unit were excluded from the study. Data about the patients were obtained during hospital stay. During the postpartum sixth week visit Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) was applied. There was no significant difference between EPDS scores when compared according to age, education, gravidity, wanting the pregnancy, fear about birth, gender, family type, and income level (). Those who had experienced emesis during their pregnancy, had a history of depression, and were housewives had significantly higher EPDS scores (). Delivering by spontaneous vaginal birth, elective Cesarean section, or emergency Cesarean section had no effect on EPDS scores. In conclusion healthcare providers should be aware of postpartum depression risk in nonworking women with a history of emesis and depression and apply the EPDS to them for early detection of postpartum depression.

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Relationship between delivery with anesthesia and postpartum depression: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03996-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nobuhiro Suzumori ◽

Takeshi Ebara ◽

Hazuki Tamada ◽

Taro Matsuki ◽

Hirotaka Sato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Epidural Analgesia ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

First Trimester ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Postpartum Depressive Symptoms ◽

One Year ◽

Spinal Epidural ◽

Paracervical Block

Abstract Background Postpartum depression is one of the most commonly experienced psychological disorders for women after childbirth, usually occurring within one year. This study aimed to clarify whether women with delivery with anesthesia, including epidural analgesia, spinal-epidural analgesia, and paracervical block, had a decreased risk of postpartum depression after giving birth in Japan. Methods The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) was a prospective cohort study that enrolled registered fetal records (n = 104,065) in 15 regions nationwide in Japan. Binomial logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the adjusted odd ratios (aORs) for the association between mode of delivery with or without anesthesia and postpartum depression at one-, six- and twelve-months after childbirth. Results At six months after childbirth, vaginal delivery with anesthesia was associated with a higher risk of postpartum depression (aOR: 1.233, 95% confidence interval: 1.079–1.409), compared with vaginal delivery without analgesia. Nevertheless, the risk dropped off one year after delivery. Among the pregnant women who requested delivery with anesthesia, 5.1% had a positive Kessler-6 scale (K6) score for depression before the first trimester (p < 0.001), which was significantly higher than the proportions in the vaginal delivery without analgesia (3.5%). Conclusions Our data suggested that the risk of postpartum depression at six months after childbirth tended to be increased after vaginal delivery with anesthesia, compared with vaginal delivery without analgesia. Requests for delivery with anesthesia continue to be relatively uncommon in Japan, and women who make such requests might be more likely to experience postpartum depressive symptoms because of underlying maternal environmental statuses.

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Correlation of Serum Zinc Levels with Postpartum Depression- A Case- control Study in North Karnataka

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/49513.15211 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

MM Kavitha ◽

Shravya Dharambhat ◽

Narayan Mutalik ◽

SH Chandrashekaraya ◽

SV Kashinakunti

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Postnatal Depression ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Case Control ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Zinc Levels ◽

Control Study ◽

Serum Zinc Levels

Introduction: Pregnancy is an important event in reproductive mother. At the same time it is associated with stress, which exaggerates the depression. Many factors leads to depression, among them nutrient deficiency like zinc, selenium, iron, calcium, folic acid and vitamin B12 plays a major role. Aim: To estimate and compare serum zinc levels in females with postpartum depression subjects and healthy controls. To find the relationship between serum zinc levels and extent of postpartum depression. Materials and Methods: The present study was a hospital- based case-control study, conducted over a period of three months. It included 40 postpartum depression cases and 40 healthy controls. All the participants were subjected to serum zinc levels estimation. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score was applied. The individuals who scored greater than 10 were taken as cases and those scoring less than 10 were taken as controls. Data was tabulated and results expressed as mean±SD, student’s t-test and Pearson correlation test was applied for correlation. Results: The present study found decreased serum zinc levels in postpartum depression cases compared to controls. It was found serum zinc levels in cases were 21.63±15.73 μg/dL and 54.16±19.72 μg/dL in controls. There was a negative correlation between the severity of postnatal depression and the serum zinc levels. Not only this, but certain risk factors were also identified, such as age of the mother, months of postpartum, mode of delivery, and the education of the mother. Conclusion: Decreased serum zinc levels do indeed correlate to a change in maternal mental health, and then the knowledge would not only help in diagnosis by tests, but also further patient care.

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