scholarly journals Effect of Diesel Exhaust Exposure on Railroad Worker Health and Mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Michael Tannen
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Railroad Workers ◽  
Diesel Exhaust Exposure ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Contradictory Evidence

Hazardous work conditions expose employees to health and safety risks, and employers to potentially higher expenses including the possibility of a prolonged series of expensive litigation.  Indeed, recognition of this in individual and organized (collective) bargaining over higher pay and health benefit coverage, and of course, government regulation involving improved safety measures and equipment design is common.  It is easier for all to deal with such risks when they are recognized, and the extent of that risk known.  Often, though, risks may appear uncertain, with contradictory evidence supporting opposing views.  Such is the case for the exposure of railroad workers to diesel exhaust, a subject that has been investigated for decades with considerable disagreement.  This paper contains a focused survey of published studies in the past thirty-five years using observational data and epidemiology (laboratory studies on animals) to review the extent to which disagreement has or not been abated.

A Retrospective Cohort Study of Lung Cancer and Diesel Exhaust Exposure in Railroad Workers

1988 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 820-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Garshick ◽  
Marc B. Schenker ◽  
Alvaro Muñoz ◽  
Mark Segal ◽  
Thomas J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Railroad Workers ◽  
Diesel Exhaust Exposure

scholarly journals Historical estimation of diesel exhaust exposure in a cohort study of U.S. railroad workers and lung cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 911-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Laden ◽  
Jaime E. Hart ◽  
Alan Eschenroeder ◽  
Thomas J. Smith ◽  
Eric Garshick
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Railroad Workers ◽  
Diesel Exhaust Exposure

scholarly journals Historical estimation of diesel exhaust exposure in a cohort study of U.S. railroad workers and lung cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-115
Author(s):  
Francine Laden ◽  
Jaime E. Hart ◽  
Alan Eschenroeder ◽  
Thomas J. Smith ◽  
Eric Garshick
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Railroad Workers ◽  
Diesel Exhaust Exposure

ASSESSING THE HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS IN THE EDUCATION SECTOR

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-572
Author(s):  
Mirela Panainte-Lehadus ◽  
Florin Nedeff ◽  
Alina Petrovici ◽  
Gabriela Telibasa ◽  
Daniel-Catalin Felegeanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Health And Safety Risks

scholarly journals Occupational Health and Safety Measures in German Outpatient Care Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2987
Author(s):  
Mara Shirin Hetzmann ◽  
Natascha Mojtahedzadeh ◽  
Albert Nienhaus ◽  
Volker Harth ◽  
Stefanie Mache
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Work Organisation ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Health Threats ◽  
Company Doctor

Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, outpatient caregivers are exposed to new serious health threats at work. To protect their health, effective occupational health and safety measures (OHSM) are necessary. Outpatient caregivers (n = 15) participated in semi-structured telephone interviews in May/June 2020 (1) to examine the pandemic-related OHSM that have been implemented in their outpatient care services, as well as (2) to identify their corresponding unmet needs. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed by using qualitative content analysis in accordance with Mayring. Available OHSM in outpatient care services described by outpatient caregivers mainly included personal protective equipment (PPE) and surface disinfection means after an initial shortage in the first peak of the pandemic. Further OHSM implied social distancing, increased hygiene regulations and the provision of pandemic-related information by the employer, as well as the possibility to consult a company doctor. Our study revealed that OHSM were largely adapted to the health threats posed by COVID-19, however an optimum has not yet been achieved. There is still a need for improvement in the qualitative and quantitative supply of PPE, as well as on the organisational level, e.g., with regard to the development of pandemic plans or in work organisation.

scholarly journals Safe and Effective Use of Ozone as Air and Surface Disinfectant in the Conjuncture of Covid-19

Gases ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Elena Grignani ◽  
Antonella Mansi ◽  
Renato Cabella ◽  
Paola Castellano ◽  
Angelo Tirabasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Effective Use

The present paper extrapolates quantitative data for ozone virucidal activity on the basis of the available scientific literature data for a safe and effective use of ozone in the appropriate cases and to explore the safety measures developed under the stimulus of the current emergency situation. Ozone is a powerful oxidant reacting with organic molecules, and therefore has bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal actions. At the same time, it is a toxic substance, having adverse effects on health and safety. Its use is being proposed for the disinfection of workplaces’ and public places’ atmosphere, and for disposable masks and personal protective equipment disinfection for reuse, with particular reference to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Ozone can be generated in situ by means of small, compact ozone generators, using dried ambient air as a precursor. It should be injected into the room that is to be disinfected until the desired ozone concentration is reached; after the time needed for the disinfection, its concentrations must be reduced to the levels required for the workers’ safety. The optimal use of ozone is for air and surface disinfection without human presence, using a concentration that is effective for the destruction of viruses, but not high enough to deteriorate materials.

Note on the regulation of veterinary medical devices in the EU: A review of the current situation and its impact on animal health and safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
H Potockova ◽  
P Kusnierik ◽  
J Dohnal
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Health And Safety Risks ◽  
The Eu

Medical devices form a large heterogeneous group of products ranging from simple tools to medical testing and implants, the safety and efficacy of which are strictly regulated in all developed countries. Thanks to the health and cost benefits, medical devices have also found their way into veterinary medicine but, surprisingly, the regulation of these products is far less complex or, in some cases, missing altogether. Given the complexity and potential hazards of certain veterinary devices, the current state of affairs may lead to health and safety risks, both for animals and personnel involved. This review is the first to systematically map the current situation in the EU, revealing health and safety risks in practice for both animals and personnel involved and discussing them in a broader context. Only six out of the EU's 28 member states (Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, and Slovakia) were found to have at least a degree of regulation of veterinary devices. As a result, a single product may be regulated as a veterinary medicinal product, a veterinary medical device or not be regulated at all, depending on the particular EU member state in question. As things stand, veterinary medicine makes use of all kinds of medical devices, including human products, regardless of their regulatory status and (pre-market) control. However, the use of such devices may influence the health and well-being of animals. Several measures are therefore suggested to attain the required levels of safety and efficacy surveillance for veterinary medical devices without creating excessive administration.

Review of Health and Safety Risks of Wood Chips Use

2014 ◽  
Vol 1001 ◽  
pp. 426-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Müllerová ◽  
Jozef Puskajler
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
Pellet Quality ◽  
Human Breath ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Health And Safety Risks

Alternative solid fuels becoming popular thanks to considerable fuel cost save (comparing to gas). Pellet quality varies depending on content of bark, straw and other non-wood additives. These additives decrease the combustion efficiency and increase the fuel consumption and solid emission. Pellets stored in large amount bring certain hazard for a man. They may become dangerous for the high fire risk due to self-ignition tendency and also due to moulds presence attacking the human breath system.

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