scholarly journals National Security Challenges and the Quest for True Federalism in Nigeria: the Issue of Amotekun (South-West Regional Security Network)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 409-418
Author(s):  
Mayowa Oluro ◽  
Clement Oluwasuji
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
South West ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Security Network ◽  
The Military

Among the various challenges that the Nigerian State has had to contend with since its inception, incessant security challenges stand out. Indeed, these challenges have continued to defy the various strategies put in place to check them by various federal security agencies in the country, including the Military, Police, Road Safety, Civil Defense, Immigration, and Custom, thereby rendering them ineffective and inefficient, and as such contributing to louder calls for restructuring of the country. State Governors in the South-West in response to the security challenges facing the region formed the Western Nigerian Security Network (WNSN) code-named Operation Amotekun, the Yoruba name for Leopard, a wild animal known for its great agility and hunting prowess. This paper seeks to examine, 1. The current federal structure vis-à-vis the various security challenges in the country, 2. The formation of the Western Nigerian Security Network (Amotekun), i.e., its prospects, likely challenges and mode of operation, and 3. Propose some policy options to aid the performance and efficiency of Amotekun and any other that may follow.

scholarly journals Landscape Ways Of Intervention Used In Reconversion Of Disused Old Defense Structures / INTERVENCIJOS Į KRAŠTOVAIZDĮ BŪDŲ NAUDOJIMAS SENOMS NEBENAUDOJAMOMS GYNYBOS STRUKTŪROMS PERTVARKYTI

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Rusu Sorina-Georgiana
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
National Security ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Military Technology ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Democratic Rights ◽  
Technology Strategies ◽  
The Military ◽  
Transformation Processes

Because of the current world mutations, national security provides large complexity and requires new designing solutions for: security challenges, military technology, strategies and tactics, merging of structures, methods, techniques and technologies concerning security challenges, need for responding to social constraints (democratic rights, law of war), and attempts to surpass the opponent / enemy / partner, etc. So, in order to reconvert abandoned military areas, which were previously restricted (restricted areas) but currently passing transformation processes, we must consider the intervention both within and outside of a well-defined system. Therefore, we have to work inside and outside of the military system, as well as on the boundaries of hard-shaped structures. Camouflage is not only instructive for military practitioners’ intent on developing their skills, but also is interesting and entertaining means for much wider audience. Two case studies used as examples reveal the possibility that camouflage pattern concept may offer the effects that prove the chance of using camouflage as a scientific, designing and planning landscape tool. Results of the case studies indicate the importance and possibility of intervention integrated into the landscape by combining military means and elements of urban planning, and regulation specific to these types of functions. Santrauka Dėl pasaulyje vykstančių pokyčių rūpinimasis valstybės apsauga yra sudėtingas ir reikalauja naujų sprendimų ieškojimo, susijusių su saugumo iššūkiais, karinėmis technologijomis, strategijomis ir taktikomis, sujungiant struktūras, metodus, technikas ir technologijas, siejamas su saugumo problemomis, dėl būtinybės reaguoti į socialinius suvaržymus (demokratinės teisės, karo teisė), bandant pranokti priešininkus / partnerius ir t. t. Taigi, siekiant konvertuoti apleistas karines teritorijas, į kurias anksčiau patekti buvo draudžiama (draudžiamos teritorijos), vykstant kaitos procesams, reikia apsvarstyti intervenciją tiek gerai apibrėžtos sistemos viduje, tiek už jos ribų. Todėl karinės sistemos viduje ir už jos ribų reikia dirbti kaip griežtose struktūrose. Maskuotė naudojama ne tik karinių specialistų siekiui lavinti įgūdžius, bet ir kaip įdomi priemonė, skirta kur kas platesnei auditorijai. Dviejų atvejų tyrimai kaip pavyzdžiai atskleidžia galimybę, kad maskuotės modelio koncepcija gali išgauti poveikį, kuris įrodytų, jog maskuotę galima naudoti kaip mokslinį įrankį kraštovaizdžiui projektuoti ir planuoti. Šio atvejo tyrimų rezultatai rodo integruotos į kraštovaizdį intervencijos svarbą ir galimybę derinti karines priemones, miestų planavimo elementus ir specifinį reguliavimą šio tipo funkcijoms.

scholarly journals Civil security: pluralism of understanding

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Denis Tihomirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Security ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Public Security ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
The Military

The aim of the article is to analyze the theoretical and legal approaches to understanding civil security and to make relevant generalizations. The methodological basis was the methods that allowed to obtain sound and logically verified conclusions, in particular, the method of hermeneutics, which allowed to study the doctrinal sources and texts of the advisory mission of the European Union, the method of comparison, which allowed to identify a method that provided an opportunity to draw conclusions about the understanding of civil security. Scientific novelty. The article identifies the main directions of understanding civil security, defines the characteristics of the European vision of civil security and outlines the issues of understanding civil security for further theoretical and legal research. Conclusions. The tendency to understand civil security, which goes beyond public security, but covers it, brings civil security closer to the level of national security, is manifested in research linking civil security with crisis management, the transformation of civil defense as a sphere of military responsibility, to the demilitarized system civilian security, although military capabilities are used to varying degrees in crisis management in different countries, emphasize national features, a variety of terminological descriptions of crisis management, emergency response, note the need to strengthen the interaction between civil security and the military.

scholarly journals Military-technical cooperation of Japan with foreign countries and the interests of Russia

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
O. G. Paramonov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Refusal To Participate ◽  
The Military

Nowadays military-technical cooperation is considered by many states as one of the effective tools for ensuring national security, as well as accomplishing a broader range of foreign policy objectives. Under a crisis of regional security environment, the Japanese government also concluded that further refusal to participate in international cooperation in the development and production of weapons begins to negatively affect its own defense capabilities. Nevertheless, Shinzo Abe-led Government’s plans to put an end to Japan’s self-isolation from external arms markets and thus strengthen relations with the United States in the military-and political fields are likely to lead to certain problems in Japan’s relations with such powerful regional actors as Russia and China.

The aspects of the innovation of the military-industrial complex and its significance for the national security of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Irina Orlova ◽  
Artem Sukharev ◽  
Maria Sukhareva ◽  
Mikhail Deikun
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
World Market ◽  
Modern World ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military

The main objective of the article is to substantiate a systematic approach to the introduction of all types of innovations in the development of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in the modern world it is especially important to ensure the national security of the country and the defense industry plays a crucial role in this. At the same time, one cannot but note the importance of the defense industry in the production of high-tech civilian products and dual-use products, which enhances the country's competitiveness in the world market. In addition, the relevance of the topic is due to the presence of rather serious problems in the Russian defense industry, which require immediate resolution. The article uses the methodology of structurally functional analysis, the institutional approach and the method of comparative assessments. The authors conclude that technological innovation alone will not be able to achieve strategic results for ensuring national security, only in conjunction with organizational, product, social and marketing innovations, the domestic defense industry is able to solve its tasks.

Reluctant Cold Warriors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kontorovich
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
National Security ◽  
Soviet Economy ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Us ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Military

The academic study of the Soviet economy in the US was created to help fight the Cold War, part of a broader mobilization of the social sciences for national security needs. The Soviet strategic challenge rested on the ability of its economy to produce large numbers of sophisticated weapons. The military sector was the dominant part of the economy, and the most successful one. However, a comprehensive survey of scholarship on the Soviet economy from 1948-1991 shows that it paid little attention to the military sector, compared to other less important parts of the economy. Soviet secrecy does not explain this pattern of neglect. Western scholars developed strained civilian interpretations for several aspects of the economy which the Soviets themselves acknowledged to have military significance. A close reading of the economic literature, combined with insights from other disciplines, suggest three complementary explanations for civilianization of the Soviet economy. Soviet studies was a peripheral field in economics, and its practitioners sought recognition by pursuing the agenda of the mainstream discipline, however ill-fitting their subject. The Soviet economy was supposed to be about socialism, and the military sector appeared to be unrelated to that. By stressing the militarization, one risked being viewed as a Cold War monger. The conflict identified in this book between the incentives of academia and the demands of policy makers (to say nothing of accurate analysis) has broad relevance for national security uses of social science.

The Handbook of European Defence Policies and Armed Forces

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
National Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
National Defence

The armed forces of Europe have undergone a dramatic transformation since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The Handbook of European Defence Policies and Armed Forces provides the first comprehensive analysis of national security and defence policies, strategies, doctrines, capabilities, and military operations, as well as the alliances and partnerships of European armed forces in response to the security challenges Europe has faced since the end of the cold war. A truly cross-European comparison of the evolution of national defence policies and armed forces remains a notable blind spot in the existing literature. This Handbook aims to fill this gap with fifty-one contributions on European defence and international security from around the world. The six parts focus on: country-based assessments of the evolution of the national defence policies of Europe’s major, medium, and lesser powers since the end of the cold war; the alliances and security partnerships developed by European states to cooperate in the provision of national security; the security challenges faced by European states and their armed forces, ranging from interstate through intra-state and transnational; the national security strategies and doctrines developed in response to these challenges; the military capabilities, and the underlying defence and technological industrial base, brought to bear to support national strategies and doctrines; and, finally, the national or multilateral military operations by European armed forces. The contributions to The Handbook collectively demonstrate the fruitfulness of giving analytical precedence back to the comparative study of national defence policies and armed forces across Europe.

Rethinking U.S. National Security after Covid19

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Bilmes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Defense Spending ◽  
Federal Spending ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Military

AbstractThe United States has traditionally defined national security in the context of military threats and addressed them through military spending. This article considers whether the United States will rethink this mindset following the disruption of the Covid19 pandemic, during which a non-military actor has inflicted widespread harm. The author argues that the US will not redefine national security explicitly due to the importance of the military in the US economy and the bipartisan trend toward growing the military budget since 2001. However, the pandemic has opened the floodgates with respect to federal spending. This shift will enable the next administration to allocate greater resources to non-military threats such as climate change and emerging diseases, even as it continues to increase defense spending to address traditionally defined military threats such as hypersonics and cyberterrorism.

scholarly journals Investigation of Nanogrids for Improved Navy Installation Energy Resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4298
Author(s):  
Alissa Kain ◽  
Douglas L. Van Bossuyt ◽  
Anthony Pollman
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Military Bases ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
The Military

Military bases perform important national security missions. In order to perform these missions, specific electrical energy loads must have continuous, uninterrupted power even during terrorist attacks, adversary action, natural disasters, and other threats of specific interest to the military. While many global military bases have established microgrids that can maintain base operations and power critical loads during grid disconnect events where outside power is unavailable, many potential threats can cause microgrids to fail and shed critical loads. Nanogrids are of specific interest because they have the potential to protect individual critical loads in the event of microgrid failure. We present a systems engineering methodology that analyzes potential nanogrid configurations to understand which configurations may improve energy resilience and by how much for critical loads from a national security perspective. This then allows targeted deployment of nanogrids within existing microgrid infrastructures. A case study of a small military base with an existing microgrid is presented to demonstrate the potential of the methodology to help base energy managers understand which options are preferable and justify implementing nanogrids to improve energy resilience.

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